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Az éghajlatváltozás negatív hatásai intenzíven sújtják az afrikai mezőgazdasági ágazatot. Az olyan országok számára, mint Etiópia, amelyek megélhetése elsősorban a csapadékra támaszkodó önellátó mezőgazdaságon alapul, nagyon fontos, hogy alkalmazkodjanak a változó helyzethez. Ezért az éghajlatváltozás negatív hatásainak mérsékléséhez elengedhetetlen a kontextus-specifikus alkalmazkodási stratégiák kidolgozása. A tanulmány célja az volt, hogy azonosítsa azokat a mezőgazdasági gyakorlatokat, amelyek maximalizálják a termelést és kímélik a természeti erőforrásokat. A vizsgálati körzet, a falvak és a reprezentatív válaszadók kiválasztása során háromlépcsős mintavételi eljárást követtek. Ennek megfelelően egy közigazgatási egységet (kebele) és 60 háztartásfőt választottunk ki célzott mintavétellel, illetve szisztematikus véletlenszerű mintavétellel. A talajadatokon és a másodlagos adatokon kívül szerkezetinterjú ütemtervet dolgoztunk ki, előzetesen teszteltük és felhasználtuk a kvantitatív adatok gyűjtésére. A talajelemzés eredménye azt mutatta, hogy az ökológiai mezőgazdaság hozzájárul a talaj kémiai tulajdonságainak javításához, vagyis a vegyes gazdálkodási gyakorlat a talaj pH-értéke, nitrogénje, szervesanyag-tartalma, szerves szén- és elérhető foszfortartalma szignifikánsan eltér a monokultúrás gazdálkodási rendszertől. The negative impact of climate change has been striking the agricultural sector in Africa. For countries like Ethiopia, whose livelihood occupation of the nation is mainly based on subsistence agriculture that highly rely on rainfall, making an adjustment to adapt to the changing situation is very crucial. Therefore, designing contextual specific adaptation strategies are essential to moderate the negative effect of climate change. The aim of the study was to identify the agricultural practices and conserve natural resources. Three stages sampling procedure was followed in selecting the study district, villages and representative respondents. Accordingly, one kebele and 60 household heads were selected using purposive sampling and systematic random sampling, respectively. In addition to the soil data and secondary data, structure interview schedule was developed, pre-tested and used for collecting quantitative data. The soil analysis result showed that organic agriculture contributed for the improvement of soil chemical property that is the mixed cropping farming practice was significantly different in soil pH, nitrogen, organic matter, organic carbon and available phosphorous than in mono cropping farming system. The descriptive result showed that all the farmers (100%) of the sample respondent participated in land preparation and 98.3% of them participated in manure application and also 98.3% of the sample respondents in participated weeding practices. 98.3% of the sample respondents were participated in harvesting activities. 93.3% of the sample respondents were participated in the fertilizer application activities. 68.3% of the sample respondents were participated in irrigation activities. 13.3% sample respondents were participated in seed treatment activates. To adopt organic agriculture practices whereby financial institutions and other agricultural funders should extend credit or support to agricultural activities with farming practices and technologies that promote organic agriculture. This study has shown that organic agriculture can contribute to better soil health and therefore better crop yields thereby strengthening the adaptation efforts of smallholder farmers. It is therefore recommended that smallholder farmers in Sofi district practice organic agriculture farming practices for adaptation efforts.

To study the effect of different mulching levels on the physical and biological properties of the soil. A field experiment was conducted in Gödöllő Szárítópuszta of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences experimental farm (Pest county). The experiment was laid down in a random block design with five treatments, namely M0%= control, M25%= 25%, M50%= 50%, M75%= 75%, and M100%= 100% level of mulch cover. Soil moisture content (SMC), soil penetration resistance (SPR) and earthworm abundance were measured. SMC, SPR and earthworm abundance were taken at 15-day intervals unless the weather prevented sampling. The experiment was set up from May 2019 until September 2019. The statistical data was carried out using one-way variance analysis with Tukey HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) multiple comparisons post hoc tests. The significance level used in the statistical studies was 5%. Mulch treatments improved water significantly in the first two months (June and July) of crop growth at 10 and 20 cm, however, moisture was not conserved for too long. Mulch treatment did not affect penetration resistance in all treatments. SPR was high after July in all the treatments due to low SMC. The measured SPR reached 5.3 MPa in August in M25%. The highest earthworm abundance was measured at M100% in August while the lowest was measured in control treatments. The grain yield was highest at M50% (1704 kg/ha) compared to the control. Mulch treatments were assessed based on factors such as soil moisture content, biological activity and penetration resistance and mulch was partially found to be advantageous.