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The outbreak of Covid-19 has pushed almost all education-based institutions to migrate their available face-to-face teaching to online teaching. However, online education has posed challenges, especially for learners who are quiet and shy to speak and feeling hard to engage in the course content. At this point, turning Web 2.0 tools into icebreaker activities and incorporating them into online courses could help these students get motivated and develop active participation skills. This study took a selective and theoretical look into the literature about exploring potential Web 2.0 tools and prescribing how to use these tools as e icebreakers in hybrid or online courses. The findings highlighted many Web 2.0 tools and described how to utilize them in online learning platforms as e icebreakers. Suggestions about how to design Web 2.0 tool-involved e icebreakers are provided. The study has important implications for instructors striving to keep learners engaged in online or hybrid courses.

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses conceptual ships with nuclear power plants to formulate some of their initial design requirements and limitations. Materials and methods. Analysis of available Russian and foreign publications, Class rules, reactor parameters and installation requirements. Main results. The study analyses main evolution stages, peculiarities and prospects of nuclear ships, formulating the recommendations on reactor compartment arrangement aboard a nuclear ship and giving the calculation expressions for its required volume. Conclusion. The paper formulates initial limitations for the arrangement of reactor compartment (containment) for nuclear carrier ships, comparing modern reactors of various capacity and pointing out, based on the analysis of various studies, the most promising types of ships for nuclear propulsion.

Polar navigation entails challenges that affect the continuation of ship operations in severe ice conditions. Due to ice-propeller interaction, propulsion shafting segments are often at a high risk of failure. Efficient methods for shaft line design are hence needed to ensure the safety of ice-going vessels and propulsion reliability. To this end, full-scale measurements have proven essential to support the development of ship-design tools and updated safety regulations for ice-going vessels. This paper presents a unique integrated measurement system that employs measuring equipment to monitor Polar-Class vessel performance and shaft line dynamics during ice navigation. The system was installed on board the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) icebreaker Henry Larsen. This experimental concept aims to monitor the shaft’s torque and thrust fluctuations during ice navigation to obtain information about the ship’s propulsion efficiency. In the paper, we describe the arrangement of the measurement system and the components it features. Finally, we present preliminary datasets acquired during two icebreaking expeditions. This work is framed into a broader research project, which includes the long-term objective to determine a correlation between sea ice conditions and the dynamic response of shaft lines.

The author analyzed the trends and prospects of the Northern Sea Route. The main problem is that this rather complex system is influenced by many factors, often contradictory and poorly predicta-ble. Thus, the increase in demand for energy and resources determines the overall need for the development of the Arctic shelf. However, the possible cooling and worsening of the ice conditions may adjust to the possibility of transporting of the resources to the Asia-Pacific market, for instance. In this regard, along with the methods of factor and economic analysis the expert approach was used for the study. Its main result is a package of proposals aimed at supporting the Arctic marine cargo flow.

This study investigates the performance of podded propulsors in various operating conditions: open water and different ice conditions. The model used in this study is an icebreaker driven by twin-podded propulsors. Preliminary results from ice tank tests are presented. These include steering moment generated by the propulsors, thrust and torque of the propellers and the forces exerted on the hull at the location of the connection of the propulsors for different levels of ice and pack ice conditions, as well as in open water. © 2011 National Research Council of Canada.

The article analyzes the trends and evaluates the prospects of functioning of the Northern Sea Route. It shows that after the change of its management model its freight traffic has dropped 4-fold, and in the Eastern sector (outside the Vilkitsky Strait) – 40-fold. In the recent years there has been a certain revival of transportation, including transit, which reached its maximum of 1.27 million tons in 2012. However, over the next two years they declined again; the drop was particularly significant in 2014 and amounted to a total of 240 thousand tons. The main problem is that this rather complex system is influenced by many factors, often contradictory and poorly predictable. Thus, the growing need for energy resources determines the overall need for developing the Arctic shelf. However, the possibility of climate cooling and the deterioration of ice situation can influence the possibility of transporting these resources. Besides, the Ukrainian crisis followed by the “war of sanctions” will cause a significant decline, especially in the medium term, the attractiveness of the European oil and gas market, which will cause the shift of strategic interests of Russian companies to the Asia-Pacific region. This necessitates the modernization of the Arctic transport and logistics system and introduction of new technical solutions. For instance, even nuclearpowered icebreakers series LA-60Ya that are currently under construction will not be able to escort linear tankers and gas carriers with a deadweight of more than 100 thousand tons along the eastern sector of the Northern Sea Route. It is necessary to create more powerful vessels of the classical type or to design new models. All these driving forces and constraints are not always predictable within the framework of standard economic and statistical approaches. In this regard, the study reflected in the article used expert approaches along with the methods of factor and economic analysis. The main result is a package of proposals for the support of the Arctic marine freight traffic

A historical review of the literature on the performance of ships in ice is given from 1888 to 2004., 25th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, 8-13 August, St. John's, NL