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1. Abstracts

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J. M. Derlon, M. C. Petit-taboué, F. Dauphin, P. Courtheoux, F. Chapon, P. Creissard, F. Darcel, J. P. Houtteville, B. Kaschten, B. Sadzot, A. Stevenaert, Juri G. Tjuvajev, Homer A. Macapinlac, Farhad Daghighian, James Z. Ginos, Ronald D. Finn, M. S. Jiaju Zhang, Bradley Beattie, Martin Graham, Steven M. Larson, Ronald G. Blasberg, M. Levivier, S. Goldman, B. Pirotte, J. M. Brucher, D. Balériaux, A. Luxen, J. Hildebrand, J. Brotchi, K. G. Go, R. L. Kamman, E. L. Mooyaart, M. A. A. M. Heesters, P. E. Sijens, M. Oudksrk, P. van Dijk, P. C. Levendag, Ch. J. Vecht, R. J. Metz, D. N. Kennedy, B. R. Rosen, F. H. Hochberg, A. J. Fishman, P. A. Filipek, V. S. Caviness, M. W. Gross, F. X. Weinzierl, A. E. Trappe, W. E. Goebel, A. M. Frank, Georg Becker, Andreas Krone, Karsten Schmidt, Erich Hofmann, Ulrich Bogdahn, H. Bencsch, S. Fclber, G. Finkenstedt, C. Kremser, G. Sfockhammer, F. Aichner, U. Bogdahn, T. Fröhlich, G. Becker, A. Krone, R. Schlief, J. Schürmann, P. Jachimczak, E. Hofmann, W. Roggendorf, K. Roosen, C. M. Carapella, G. Carpinelli, R. Passalacqua, L. Raus, M. Giannini, R. Mastrostefano, F. Podo, A. Tofani, R. Maslrostefano, M. Mottoles, A. Ferraironi, M. G. Scelsa, P. Oppido, A. Riccio, C. L. Maini, L. Collombier, L. Taillandier, M. Dcbouverie, M. H. Laurens, P. Thouvenot, M. Weber, A. Bertrand, G. S. Cruickshank, J. Patterson, D. Hadley, Olivier De Witte, Jerzy Hildebrand, André Luxen, Serge Goldman, R. -I. Ernestus, K. Bockhorst, M. Eis, T. Els, M. Hoehn-Berlage, M. Gliese, R. Fründ, A. Geissler, C. Woertgen, M. Holzschuh, O. Hausmann, A. Merlo, E. Jerrnann, J. Uirich, R. Chiquet-Ehrismann, J. Müller, H. Mäcke, O. Gratzl, K. Herholz, M. Ghaemi, M. Würker, U. Pietrzyk, W. -D. Heiss, K. Kotitschke, M. Brandl, J. C. Tonn, A. Haase, S. Muigg, S. Felber, M. Woydt, Heinrich Lanfermann, Walter Heindel, Harald Kugel, Ralf -Ingo Erneslus, Gabricle Röhn, Klaus Lackner, F. S. Pardo, S. Kutke, A. G. Sorensen, L. L. Mechtler, S. Withiam-Lench, K. Shin, W. R. Klnkel, M. Patel, B. Truax, P. Kinkel, L. Mechtler, M. Ricci, P. Pantano, A. Maleci, S. Pierallini, D. Di Stefano, L. Bozzao, G. P. Cantore, Gabriele Röhn, R. Schröder, R. Ruda, C. Mocellini, R. Soffietti, M. Campana, R. Ropolo, A. Riva, P. G. de Filippi, D. Schiffer, D. Salgado, M. Rodrigues, L. Salgado, A. T. Fonseca, M. R. Vieira, J. M. Bravo Marques, H. Satoh, T. Uozumi, K. Kiya, K. Kurisu, K. Arita, M. Sumida, F. Ikawa, Tz. Tzuk-Shina, J. M. Gomori, R. Rubinstein, A. Lossos, T. Siegal, W. Vaalburg, A. M. J. Paans, A. T. M. Willemsen, A. van Waarde, J. Pruim, G. M. Visser, S. Valentini, Y. L. T. Ting, R. De Rose, G. Chidichimo, G. Corricro, Karin van Lcycn-Pilgram, Ralf -Ingo Erncslus, Norfried Klug, K. van Leyen-Pilgram, N. Klug, U. Neumann, Karl H. Plate, Georg Breier, Birgit Millaucr, Herbert A. Weich, Axel Ullrich, Werner Risau, N. Roosen, R. K. Chopra, T. Mikkelsen, S. D. Rosenblum, P. S. Yan, R. Knight, J. Windham, M. L. Rosenblum, A. Attanasio, P. Cavalla, A. Chio, M. T. Giordana, A. Migheli, V. Amberger, T. Hensel, M. E. Schwab, Luigi Cervoni, Paolo Celli, Roberto Tarantino, C. Huettner, U. Berweiler, I. Salmon, S. Rorive, K. Rombaut, J. Haot, R. Kiss, C. Maugard-Louboutin, J. Charrier, G. Fayet, C. Sagan, P. Cuillioere, G. Ricolleau, S. Martin, D. Menegalli-Bogeelli, Y. Lajat, F. Resche, Péter Molnàr, Helga Bárdos, Róza Ádány, J. P. Rogers, G. J. Pilkington, B. Pollo, G. Giaccone, A. Allegranza, O. Bugiani, J. Prim, J. Badia, E. Ribas, F. Coello, E. Shezen, O. Abramsky, M. Scerrati, R. Roselli, M. Iacoangeli, A. Pompucci, G. F. Rossi, Saleh M. Al. Deeb, Osama Koreich, Basim Yaqub, Khalaf R. Al. Moutaery, S. Marino, M. C. Vigliani, V. Deburghgraeve, D. Gedouin, M. Ben Hassel, Y. Guegan, B. Jeremic, D. Grujicic, V. Antunovic, M. Matovic, Y. Shibamoto, Merja Kallio, Helena Huhmar, Ch. Kudoh, A. Detta, K. Sugiura, E. R. Hitchcock, R. Di Russo, M. Cipriani§, E. M. Occhipinti, E. M. S. Conti, A. Clowegeser, M. Ortler, M. Seiwald, H. Kostron, B. Rajan, G. Ross, C. Lim, S. Ashlcy, D. Goode, D. Traish, M. Brada, G. A. C. vd Sanden, L. J. Schouten, J. W. W. Coebergh, P. P. A. Razenberg, A. Twijnstra, A. Snilders-Keilholz, J. H. C. Voormolen, J. Hermans, J. W. H. Leer, F. Baylac, M. Dcbouvcrie, R. Anxionnal, S. Bracard, J. M. Vignand, A. Duprcz, M. Winking, D. K. Böker, T. Simmet, David Rothbart, John Strugar, Jeroen Balledux, Gregory R. Criscuolo, Piotr Jachimczak, Armin Blesch, Birgit Heβdörfer, Ralf -Ingo Ernestus, Roland Schröder, Norfrid Klug, H. G. J. Krouwer, S. G. v. Duinen, A. Algra, J. Zentner, H. K. Wolf, B. Ostertun, A. Hufnagel, M. G. Campos, L. Solymosi, J. Schramm, E. S. Newlands, S. M. O'Reilly, M. Brampton, R. Sciolla, D. Seliak, R. Henriksson, A. T. Bergenheim, P. Björk, P. -O. Gunnarsson, Ml. Hariz, R. Grant, D. Collie, A. Gregor, K. P. Ebmeier, G. Jarvis, F. Lander, A. Cull, R. Sellar, C. Thomas, S. Elyan, F. Hines, S. Ashley, S. Stenning, J. J. Bernstein, W. J. Goldberg, U. Roelcke, K. Von Ammon, E. W. Radu, D. Kaech, K. L. Leenders, M. M. Fitzek, J. Efird Aronen, F. Hochberg, M. Gruber, E. Schmidt, B. Rosen, A. Flschman, P. Pardo, U. M. U. Afra, L. Sipos, F. Slouik, A. Boiardi, A. Salmaggi, A. Pozzi, L. Farinotti, L. Fariselli, A. Silvani, A. Brandes, E. Scelzi, A. Rigon, P. Zampieri, M. Pignataro, P. D'. Amanzo, P. Amista, A. Rotilio, M. V. Fiorentino, R. Thomas, L. Brazil, A. M. O'Connor, Maurizio Salvati, Fabrizio Puzzilli, Michele Raguso, R. Duckworth, R. Rumpling, M. Rottuci, G. Broggi, N. G. Plrint, E. Sabattini, V. Manetto, H. Gambacorta, S. Poggi, S. Pileri, R. Ferracini, D. V. Plev, N. J. Hopf, E. Knosp, J. Bohl, A. Perncczky, I. Catnby, O. Dewitte, J. L. Pasteels, I. Camby, F. Darro, A. Danguy, M. C. Kiu, G. M. Lai, T. S. Yang, K. T. Ng, J. S. Chen, C. N. Chang, W. M. Leung, Y. S. Ho, M. Deblec Rychter, A. Klimek, P. P. Liberski, A. Karpinaka, P. Krauseneck, V. Schöffel, B. Müller, F. W. Kreth, M. Faist, P. C. Warnke, C. B. Ostertag, K. M. B. v. Nielen, M. C. Visscr, C. Lebrun, M. Lonjon, T. Desjardin, J. F. Michiels, Sa. Lagrange J. L. Chanalet, J. L. Roche, M. Chatel, L. Mastronardi, F. Puzzilli, Farah J. Osman, P. Lunardi, M. Matsutani, Y. Ushio, K. Takakura, Johan Menten, Han Hamers, Jacques Ribot, René Dom, Hans Tcepen, N. Weidner, G. Naujocks, D. van Roost, O. D. Wiestler, A. Kuncz, C. Nieder, M. Setzel-Sesterhein, M. Niewald, I. Schnabel, K. S. O'Neill, N. D. Kitchen, P. R. Wilkins, H. T. Marsh, E. Pierce, R. Doshi, R. Deane, S. Previtali, A. Quattrini, R. Nemni, A. Ducati, L. Wrabetz, N. Canal, C. J. A. Punt, L. Stamatakis, B. Giroux, E. Rutten, Matthew R. Quigley, P. A. -C. Beth Sargent, Nicholas Flores, Sheryl Simon, Joseph C. Maroon, A. A. Rocca, C. Gervasoni, A. Castagna, P. Picozzi, E. Giugni, G. P. Tonnarelli, F. Mangili, G. Truci, M. Giovanelli, W. Sachsenheimer, T. Bimmler, H. Rhomberg W. Eiter, A. Obwegesser, H. Steilen, W. Henn, J. R. Moringlane, H. Kolles, W. Feiden, K. D. Zang, W. I. Sleudel, Andreas Steinbrecher, Martin Schabet, Clemens Heb, Michael Bamberg, Johannes Dichgans, G. Stragliotto, J. Y. Delattre, M. Poisson, L. Tosatto, P. D'Amanzo, N. Menicucci, S. Mingrino, W. I. Steudel, R. Feld, J. Ph. Maire, M. Caudry, J. Guerin, D. Celerier, N. Salem, H. Demeaux, J. F. Fahregat, M. E. Kusak, A. Bucno, J. Albisua, P. Jerez, J. L. Sarasa, R. Garefa, J. M. de Campos, A. Bueno, R. García-Delgado, R. García-Sola, A. A. Lantsov, T. I. Shustova, D. Lcnartz, R. Wellenreuther, A. von Deirnling, W. Köning, J. Menzel, S. Scarpa, A. Manna, M. G. Reale, P. A. Oppido, L. Frati, C. A. Valery, M. Ichen, J. P. Foncin, C. Soubrane, D. Khayat, J. Philippon, R. Vaz, C. Cruz, S. Weis, D. Protopapa, R. März, P. A. Winkler, H. J. Reulen, K. Bise, E. Beuls, J. Berg, W. Deinsberger, M. Samii, V. Darrouzet, J. Guérin, R. Trouette, N. Causse, J. P. Bébéar, F. Parker, J. N. Vallee, R. Carlier, M. Zerah, C. Lacroix-Jousselin, Joseph M. Piepmeier, John Kveton, Agnes Czibulka, G. S. Tigliev, M. P. Chernov, L. N. Maslova, José M. Valdueza, Werner Jänisch, Alexander Bock, Lutz Harms, E. M. Bessell, F. Graus, J. Punt, J. Firth, T. Hope, Osama Koriech, Saleh Al Deeb, Khalaf Al Moutaery, B. Yaqub, A. Franzini, R. Goldbrunner, M. Warmuth-Metz, W. Paulus, J. -Ch. Tonn, I. I. Strik, C. Markert, K. -W. Pflughaupt, B. P. O'Neill, R. P. Dinapoli, J. Voges, V. Sturm, U. Deuß, C. Traud, H. Treuer, R. Lehrke, D. G. Kim, R. P. Müller, Yu. S. Alexandrov, K. Moutaery, M. Aabed, O. Koreich, G. M. Ross, D. Ford, I. L. O. Schmeets, J. J. Jager, M. A. G. Pannebakker, J. M. A. de Jong, E. van Lindert, K. Kitz, S. Blond, F. Dubois, R. Assaker, M. C. Baranzelli, M. Sleiman, J. P. Pruvo, B. Coche-Dequeant, K. Sano, G. PetriČ-Grabnar, B. Jereb, N. Župančič, M. Koršič, N. G. Rainov, W. Burkert, Yukitaka Ushio, Masato Kochi, Youichi Itoyama, R. García, L. Ferrando, K. Hoang-Xuan, M. Sanson, P. Merel, O. Delattre, G. Thomas, D. Haritz, B. Obersen, F. Grochulla, D. Gabel, K. Haselsberger, H. Radner, G. Pendl, R. W. Laing, A. P. Warrington, P. J. C. M. Nowak, I. K. K. Kolkman-Deurloo, A. G. Visser, Hv. d. Berge, C. G. J. H. Niël, P. Bergström, M. Hariz, P. -O. Löfroth, T. Bergenheim, C. Cortet-rudelli, D. Dewailly, B. Coche-dequeant, B. Castelain, R. Dinapoli, E. Shaw, R. Coffey, J. Earle, R. Foote, P. Schomberg, D. Gorman, N. Girard, M. N. Courel, B. Delpech, G. M. Friehs, O. Schröttner, R. Pötter, R. hawliczek, P. Sperveslage, F. J. Prott, S. Wachter, K. Dieckmann, B. Bauer, R. Jund, F. Zimmermann, H. J. Feldmann, P. Kneschaurek, M. Molls, G. Lederman, J. Lowry, S. Wertheim, L. Voulsinas, M. Fine, I. Voutsinas, G. Qian, H. Rashid, P. Montemaggi, R. Trignani, C. West, W. Grand, C. Sibata, D. Guerrero, N. James, R. Bramer, H. Pahlke, N. Banik, M. Hövels, H. J. J. A. Bernsen, P. F. J. W. Rijken, B. P. J. Van der Sanden, N. E. M. Hagemeier, A. J. Van der Kogel, P. J. Koehler, H. Verbiest, J. Jager, A. McIlwrath, R. Brown, C. Mottolesb, A. Pierre'Kahn, M. Croux, J. Marchai, P. Delhemes, M. Tremoulet, B. Stilhart, J. Chazai, P. Caillaud, R. Ravon, J. Passacha, E. Bouffet, C. M. F. Dirven, J. J. A. Mooy, W. M. Molenaar, G. M. Lewandowicz, N. Grant, W. Harkness, R. Hayward, D. G. T. Thomas, J. L. Darling, N. Delepine, I. I. Subovici, B. Cornille, S. Markowska, JC. Desbois Alkallaf, J. KühI, D. Niethammer, H. J. Spaar, A. Gnekow, W. Havers, F. Berthold, N. Graf, F. Lampert, E. Maass, R. Mertens, V. Schöck, A. Aguzzi, A. Boukhny, S. Smirtukov, A. Prityko, B. Hoiodov, O. Geludkova, A. Nikanorov, P. Levin, B. D'haen, F. Van Calenbergh, P. Casaer, R. Dom, J. Menten, J. Goffin, C. Plets, A. Hertel, P. Hernaiz, C. Seipp, K. Siegler, R. P. Baum, F. D. Maul, D. Schwabe, G. Jacobi, B. Kornhuber, G. Hör, A. Merzak, H. K. Rooprai, P. Bullock, P. H. M. F. van Domburg, P. Wesseling, H. O. M. Thijssen, J. E. A. Wolff, J. Boos, K. H. Krähling, V. Gressner-Brocks, H. Jürgens, J. Schlegel, H. Scherthan, N. Arens, Gabi Stumm, Marika Kiessling, S. Koochekpour, G. Reifenberger, J. Reifenberger, L. Liu, C. D. James, W. Wechsler, V. P. Collins, Klaus Fabel-Schulte, Plotr Jachimczak, Birgitt Heßdörfer, Inge Baur, Karl -Hermann Schlingensiepen, Wolgang Brysch, A. Blesch, A. K. Bosserhoff, R. Apfel, F. Lottspeich, R. Büttner, R. Cece, I. Barajon, S. Tazzari, G. Cavaletti, L. Torri-Tarelli, G. Tredici, B. Hecht, C. Turc-Carel, R. Atllas, P. Gaudray, J. Gioanni, F. Hecht, J. A. Rey, M. J. Bello, M. Parent, P. Gosselin, J. L. Christiaens, J. R. Schaudies, M. Janka, U. Fischer, E. Meese, M. Remmelink, P. Cras, R. J. Bensadoun, M. Frenay, J. L. Formento, G. Milano, J. L. Lagrange, P. Grellier, J. -Y. Lee, H. -H. Riese, J. Cervós-Navarro, W. Reutter, B. Lippitz, C. Scheitinger, M. Scholz, J. Weis, J. M. Gilsbach, L. Füzesi, Y. J. Li, R. Hamelin, Erik Van de Kelft, Erna Dams, Jean -Jacques Martin, Patrick Willems, J. Erdmann, R. E. Wurm, S. Sardell, J. D. Graham, Jun -ichi Kuratsu, M. Aichholzer, K. Rössler, F. Alesch, A. Ertl, P. S. Sorensen, S. Helweg-Larsen, H. Mourldsen, H. H. Hansen, S. Y. El Sharoum, M. W. Berfelo, P. H. M. H. Theunissen, I. Fedorcsák, I. Nyáry, É. Osztie, Á. Horvath, G. Kontra, J. Burgoni-chuzel, P. Paquis, SW. Hansen, PS. Sørensen, M. Morche, F. J. Lagerwaard, W. M. H. Eijkenboom, P. I. M. Schmilz, S. Lentzsch, F. Weber, J. Franke, B. Dörken, G. Schettini, R. Qasho, D. Garabello, S. Sales, R. De Lucchi, E. Vasario, X. Muracciole, J. Régis, L. Manera, J. C. Peragut, P. Juin, R. Sedan, K. Walter, K. Schnabel, N. Niewald, U. Nestle, W. Berberich, P. Oschmann, R. D. Theißen, K. H. Reuner, M. Kaps, W. Dorndorf, K. K. Martin, J. Akinwunmi, A. Kennedy, A. Linke, N. Ognjenovic, A. I. Svadovsky, V. V. Peresedov, A. A. Bulakov, M. Y. Butyalko, I. G. Zhirnova, D. A. Labunsky, V. V. Gnazdizky, I. V. Gannushkina, M. J. B. Taphoorn, R. Potman, F. Barkhof, J. G. Weerts, A. B. M. F. Karim, J. J. Heimans, M. van de Pol, V. C. van Aalst, J. T. Wilmink, J. J. van der Sande, W. Boogerd, R. Kröger, A. Jäger, C. Wismeth, A. Dekant, W. Brysch, K. H. Schlingensiepen, B. Pirolte, V. Cool, C. Gérard, J. L. Dargent, T. Velu, U. Herrlinger, M. Schabet, P. Ohneseit, R. Buchholz, Jianhong Zhu, Regina Reszka, Friedrich Weber, Wolfgang Walther, L. I. Zhang, Mario Brock, J. P. Rock, H. Zeng, J. Feng, J. D. Fenstermacher, A. Gabizon, M. Beljanski, S. Crochet, B. Zackrisson, J. Elfverson, G. Butti, R. Baetta, L. Magrassi, M. R. De Renzis, M. R. Soma, C. Davegna, S. Pezzotta, R. Paoletti, R. Fumagalli, L. Infuso, A. A. Sankar, G. -L. Defer, P. Brugières, F. Gray, C. Chomienne, J. Poirier, L. Degos, J. D. Degos, Bruno M. Colombo, Stefano DiDonato, Gaetano Finocchiaro, K. M. Hebeda, H. J. C. M. Sterenborg, A. E. Saarnak, J. G. Wolbers, M. J. C. van Gemert, P. Kaaijk, D. Troost, S. Leenstra, P. K. Das, D. A. Bosch, B. W. Hochleitner, A. Obwegeser, W. Vooys, G. C. de Gast, J. J. M. Marx, T. Menovsky, J. F. Beek, V. Schirrmacher, A. Schmitz, A. M. Eis-Hübinger, p. h. Piepmeier, Patricia Pedersen, Charles Greer, Tommy Shih, Amr Elrifal, William Rothfus, L. Rohertson, R. Rampling, T. L. Whoteley, J. A. Piumb, D. J. Kerr, P. A. Falina, I. M. Crossan, K. L. Ho, M. M. Ruchoux, S. Vincent, F. Jonca, J. Plouet, M. Lecomte, D. Samid, A. Thibault, Z. Ram, E. H. Oldfield, C. E. Myers, E. Reed, Y. Shoshan, Tz. Siegal, G. Stockhammer, M. Rosenblum, F. Lieberman, A. J. A. Terzis, R. Bjerkvig, O. D. Laerum, H. Arnold, W. D. Figg, G. Flux, S. Chittenden, P. Doshi, D. Bignor, M. Zalutsky, Juri Tjuvajev, Michael Kaplitt, Revathi Desai, M. S. Bradley, B. S. Bettie, Bernd Gansbacher, Ronald Blasberg, H. K. Haugland, J. Saraste, K. Rooseni, A. J. P. E. Vincent, C. J. J. Avezaat, A. Bout, J. L. Noteboom, C. h. Vecht, D. Valerio, P. M. Hoogerbrugge, R. Reszka, J. Zhu, W. Walther, J. List, W. Schulz, I. I. J. C. M. Sterenborg, W. Kamphorst, H. A. M. van Alplien, P. Salander, R. Laing, B. Schmidt, G. Grau, T. Bohnstedt, A. Frydrych, K. Franz, R. Lorenz, F. Berti, A. Paccagnella, P. L. van Deventer, P. L. I. Dellemijn, M. J. van den Bent, P. J. Kansen, N. G. Petruccioli, E. Cavalletti, B. Kiburg, L. J. Müller, C. M. Moorer-van Delft, H. H. Boer, A. Pace, L. Bove, A. Pietrangeli, P. Innocenti, A. Aloe, M. Nardi, B. Jandolo, S. J. Kellie, S. S. N. De Graaf, H. Bloemhof, D. Roebuck, Pozza L. Dalla, D. D. R. Uges, I. Johnston, M. Besser, R. A. Chaseling, S. Koeppen, S. Gründemann, M. Nitschke, P. Vieregge, E. Reusche, P. Rob, D. Kömpf, T. J. Postma, J. B. Vermorken, R. P. Rampling, D. J. Dunlop, M. S. Steward, S. M. Campbell, S. Roy, P. H. E. Hilkens, J. Verweij, W. L. J. van Putten, J. W. B. Moll, M. E. L. van der Burg, A. S. T. Planting, E. Wondrusch, U. Zifko, M. Drlicek, U. Liszka, W. Grisold, B. Fazeny, Ch. Dittrich, Jan J. Verschuuren, Patricio I. Meneses, Myrna R. Rosenfeld, Michael G. Kaplitt, Jerome B. Posner, Josep Dalmau, P. A. E. Sillevis Smitt, G. Manley, J. B. Posner, G. Bogliun, L. Margorati, G. Bianchi, U. Liska, B. Casati, C. Kolig, H. Grisold, R. Reñe, M. Uchuya, F. Valldeoriola, C. Benedetti de Cosentiro, D. Ortale, R. Martinez, J. Lambre, S. Cagnolati, C. Vinai, M. G. Forno, R. Luksch, P. Confalonieri, J. Scholz, G. Pfeiffer, J. Netzer, Ch. Hansen, Ch. Eggers, Ch. Hagel, K. Kunze, Marc K. Rosenblum, and Frank S. Lieberman

Subjects
Cancer Research, Neurology, Oncology, Neurology (clinical)
Published
1994
Full Text
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2. [Neuronavigation in pediatric neurosurgery]

Author

L, Bognár, A, Bagó, and I, Nyáry

Subjects
Adult, Stereotaxic Techniques, Brain Diseases, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Child, Craniotomy, Neurosurgical Procedures
Abstract

The precise orientation in the intracranial space is essential for the minimal invasive neurosurgical interventions. The CT and MR based neuro-navigation permits small, targeted exposures on the skull, and intraoperatively gives exact graphic-interactive guidance to the targeted intracranial lesions. The use of neuro-navigation can shorten the time of surgery and diminish the surgical mortality and morbidity. The favourable experiences of the first 21 neuro-navigation aided operations in pediatric patients performed in the National Institute of Neurosurgery (Budapest, Hungary) with the Vector Vision Neuro-navigation System (BrainLAB Gmbh, Germany) are discussed.

Published
2000

3. [Speech activation SPECT measurements in the determination of hemispheric dominance]

Author

K, Borbély, A, Balogh, N, Donauer, and I, Nyáry

Subjects
Male, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Epilepsy, Humans, Female, Dominance, Cerebral, Speech Disorders
Abstract

Cognitive activity leads to an increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and energy metabolism in both cerebral hemispheres. In order to assess the reliability of rCBF-SPECT measurements in hemispheric dominance (Broca's area) speech activation SPECT studies were performed in nine patients. Patients (men, n = 6; women, n = 3, mean age: 33.8 +/- 13.8 years) with diagnosis of epilepsy (n = 7) and AVM (n = 2) participated in the preoperative study. Two SPECT studies were performed in each case, one in rest, and one during speech activation. 740 MBq of 99mTc-HMPAO/ECD was injected and stereo TCD monitoring was performed during the three minutes of speech activation. The acquisition was performed by a dual-head ADAC Solus Epic Atlas SPECT camera (ADAC Laboratories, Milpitas, USA). RCBF SPECT measurements were analyzed visually and by a special region-of-interest (ROI) program. The hemispheric dominance profiles were established on the basis of the respective blood flow velocity values obtained by fTCD and cortical hyperperfusion measured by SPECT. The neuropsychological test battery, used in the present study, was developed in our institute. The results of rCBF-SPECT studies highly correlated with the lateralization of hemispheric dominance measured by fTCD. There was a significant increase of rCBF in the inferior posterior frontal cortex (Broca's area, p0.0003). The non-invasive speech activation rCBF-SPECT measurement is a highly reliable and useful method in the determination of hemispheric dominance. SPECT studies are especially useful in cases where the performance of fTCD measurements are impossible due to the lack of temporal bone window or occlusive cerebral arterial disease.

Published
2000

4. [Positron emission tomography ia an effective tool in modern oncology]

Author

O, Esik, I, Bødrogi, T, Dóczi, S, Fekete, L, Galuska, B, Kálvin, M, Kásler, K, Kubinyi, Z, Lengyel, H, Losonczy, I, Nyáry, K, Rácz, A, Rosta, S, Szakáll, Z, Szentirmay, I, Sziklai, A, Vitéz, and L, Trón

Subjects
Methionine, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Neoplasms, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract

A total of 399 positron emission tomography (PET) examinations were carried out with a GE 4096 Plus PET scanner during the past 5 years on patients referred to the National Institute of Oncology in Budapest. The majority (n = 316) of these investigations were performed with the use of [18F]-fluorodezoxyglucose (FDG) to map the glucose metabolism; [11C]-methionine PET was indicated in 79 cases to detect protein transport and metabolism. The perfusion tracer [15O]-butanol was applied in only 4 cases to answer certain oncology-related, differential diagnostic questions. The oncological examinations were related to primary diagnostics, staging/restaging and therapy monitoring. In the staging/restaging and therapy monitoring of known tumours, conclusive results were achieved in 81-82% of the cases by using either FDG or [11C]-methionine as tracer. The concordant numerical data indicated that the PET investigation provides a definite answer to the question of the presence or absence of viable tumour tissue, with similar effectivity in any of the above indications, no matter whether FDG or [11C]-methionine is used. The search for occult primary tumours was the most frequent indication within the primary diagnostics: 10 (37%) primaries were localized by using FDG PET in the 27 investigated cases. This is a remarkably high value, especially in view of the failure of all the conventional diagnostic procedures carried out prior to the PET investigations. Application of PET may be indicated in all cases when the ultimate question is a non-invasive estimation of viable tumorous tissue.

Published
2000

5. [Neurosurgery using the Gamma Knife]

Author

P, Várady, P, Dheerendra, I, Nyáry, J, Vajda, and S, Ladislau

Subjects
Arteriovenous Malformations, Brain Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Neurosurgery, Humans, Radiosurgery, Surgical Instruments
Abstract

Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a neurosurgical technique dedicated to treat a wide spectrum of intracranial pathologies. Radiosurgery is a method employing a single fraction of high dose ionizing radiation beams focused on the stereotactically defined intracranial target volume through the intact skull. This precise irradiation of intracranial volumes can necrotize the targeted cell mass--as in treatments of tumors and functional syndromes--or may induce certain biological effects in the target tissue-as in treatments of AVM's and epilepsy--without imposing a significant risk on the neighboring intact neural tissues. The clinical application of Gamma Knife includes a wide range of neurosurgical indications, such as treatments of arteriovenosus malformations, pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas, vestibular schwannomas, gliomas, metastatic tumors, as well as functional neurosurgical syndromes, such as trigeminal neuralgia, extra-pyramidal dysfunctions, epilepsy, pain- and psychiatric syndromes. The clinical effect of irradiation is not immediate, it becomes detectable on follow up studies after a few months. The application of the technique is determined by the histological type, size and location of the pathology. Gamma Knife has evolved to become an established alternative to opened cranial surgery in certain cases with low morbidity and no mortality, offering a safe neurosurgical treatment for inoperable as well as operable lesions that carry significantly high surgical risk. In our review we present the technical and radiobiological principles, clinical indications, limitations and outcome results of this method. Our data are based on the practice and results of the Lars Leksell Center for Gamma Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA (Director: Ladislau Steiner dr.).

Published
1999

6. [The gamma-knife in stereotaxic surgery. A new era in brain surgery]

Author

G, Szeifert and I, Nyáry

Subjects
Stereotaxic Techniques, Brain Neoplasms, Brain, Humans, Meningioma, Radiosurgery, Surgical Instruments
Abstract

The gamma knife is a dedicated neurosurgical equipment for brain surgery to treat predetermined intracranial normal or pathological targets through the intact skull without damaging the surrounding normal brain tissue. The operating method is called radiosurgery and it works with the biological effect of stereotactically directed, highly focused ionizing beams of 201 independent cobalt-60 sources. The treatment is a single day procedure with obvious advantages over the invasive conventional craniotomy-related surgery. It has the benefits of increased biological efficacy of the irradiation along with decreased hospital stay and side effects. The device and radiosurgery was originally developed to treat functional neurological diseases, but very soon arteriovenous malformations and tumours became the main objects for the method, and a new dimension opened in the treatment of brain pathologies with difficult access. The first gamma knife was installed in Stockholm, Sweden in 1968. Since then 85 units have been set up, and more than 70,000 patients were treated with the device worldwide. The simple management technique and high mechanical and beam accuracy made the gamma knife a reliable and effective tool for its intended purpose over 30 years now. This review summarizes the history of the device, the basic radiation physics and biology related to stereotactic radiosurgery, the description of the unit and the possibilities and limits of the treatment modality.

Published
1998

7. Regional heterogeneity and differential vulnerability of cerebral and spinal vascular CO2-responsiveness during graded haemorrhagic hypotension

Author

K, Komjáti, P, Sándor, M, Reivich, J H, Greenberg, A G, Kovách, J L, Jaggi, and I, Nyáry

Subjects
Male, Hypocapnia, Blood Pressure, Hemorrhage, Carbon Dioxide, Arginine, Hypercapnia, Spinal Cord, Reference Values, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cats, Animals, Blood Vessels, Gases, Hypotension
Abstract

Regional inhomogeneity of cerebrovascular CO2-sensitivity as well as its changes at three different levels of standardized haemorrhagic hypotension were studied in ten distinct brain and spinal cord regions of anesthetized, ventilated cats. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured with radiolabelled microspheres in hypocapnic, normocapnic, and hypercapnic conditions, and CO2-responsiveness was determined from the equation of the slopes of the best fit regression lines to the obtained flow values. It was concluded that in normotensive, normoxic cats response of the cerebral and spinal vessels to PaCO2 alterations can be assigned to four major categories. The CO2-responsiveness of a brain region is not solely determined by the rate of its basal steady state blood flow: CO2-reactivity of the hypothalamus was significantly different from that of any other investigated regions with almost identical steady state flow values. Vulnerability of the cerebrovascular CO2-sensitivity during hypotension was different from region to region, with the vessels of the pons-medulla oblongata region being the most sensitive to haemorrhage. Reduced regional cerebral and spinal CO2-responsiveness during haemorrhage is not a consequence of a reduced L-arginine supply for nitric oxide generation since administration of an excess amount of the precursor L-arginine failed to restore the haemorrhage-induced reduction of regional CO2-sensitivity at the 60 mm Hg mean arterial pressure level.

Published
1996

10. NR2: QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE IN RELATION TO RISK ESTIMATION BEFORE SURGERY

Author

M Contreras, I. Nyáry, J Futo, A Szende, and K. J. Tóth

Subjects
Estimation, medicine.medical_specialty, Quality of life (healthcare), Subarachnoid hemorrhage, business.industry, Health Policy, Emergency medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine, Medical emergency, medicine.disease, business, health care economics and organizations
Published
2000
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11. Untersuchungen zur Bildung von Molek�lionen in Funken- und Laserplasmen

Author

I. Nyáry, S. Becker, L. Matus, J. Frecska, H. J. Dietze, and I. Opauszky

Subjects
Physics, Analytical Chemistry, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Mit Hilfe eines massenspektrographischen Systems, bestehend aus einer Nd: YAG-Laser- oder einer Funken-Ionenquelle und einem doppeltfokussierenden Massenspektrographen vom Mattauch-Her-zog-Typ, wurde die Bildung von Molekulionen in Laser- und Funkenplasmen untersucht. Die Haufigkeitsverteilung der nachgewiesenen Cluster- und Molekulionen im untersuchten Graphit und Uranylnitrat wurde in Laser- und Funken-Massenspektren verglichen.

Published
1983
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12. Determination of oxygen in gallium using spark-source mass spectrometry

Author

I. Opauszky and I. Nyáry

Subjects
Spark source mass spectrometry, Matrix (chemical analysis), Chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Electrode, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science, General Medicine, Gallium, Mass spectrometry, Oxygen, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

Spark-source mass spectrometry was used for the determination of oxygen in gallium. Specially formed electrodes made of oxygen standard in gold matrix provided the possibility of baking the source together with the sample and obtaining a reliable comparison of line blackenings for the evaluation of results. The method was used for the detection of oxygen in gallium in the range of 8 to 200 ppmw.

Published
1981
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13. Low concentration spectroscopic standards by ion implantation

Author

L. Matus, I. Nyáry, E. Pásztor, and I. Opauszky

Subjects
Ion implantation, Chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Electrode, Analytical chemistry, Thin metal, General Materials Science, General Medicine, Mass spectrometric, Volume concentration, Analytical Chemistry, Ion
Abstract

Standards for spark-source mass spectrometric use were prepared by ion implantation. Implanted thin metal foils were rolled up to produce electrodes suitable for the measurements. Results for some matrices and implanted ions have been compiled.

Published
1981
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14. Prevention of brain stem stroke by microvascular anastomasis

Author

M, Horváth, J, Vajda, and I, Nyáry

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microsurgery, Brachial Artery, Cerebral Revascularization, Arteries, Cerebral Arteries, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis, Cerebral Angiography, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Cerebellum, Humans, Occipital Lobe, Vertebral Artery, Brain Stem
Published
1979

17. Clinical Evidence of Compressed Lacunar Veins Causing Plateau Waves

Author

I. Nyáry and J. Vajda

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cerebral blood volume, Transmural pressure, Sinus pressure, Clinical evidence, Internal medicine, Intracranial compliance, medicine, Cardiology, Plateau wave, Geology, Seismology
Abstract

In spite of numerous experimental and clinical studies the exact pathomechanism of acute transient rises of ICP (plateau waves) has still to be elucidated. Hemodynamic factors may provide simple - perhaps simplistic — explanations. The idea of increased cerebral blood volume in the genesis of plateau waves was put forward by Risberg et al. in 1969.

Published
1986
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20. Compliance-Estimation of Isolated Spinal Fluid Space in Humans

Author

I. Nyáry and J. Vajda

Subjects
Compliance (physiology), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, Abdominal compression, Radiology, business, Space (mathematics), Spinal subarachnoid space, Craniospinal
Abstract

Investigations on the compliance of intracranial or craniospinal spaces have become routine procedures in different pathological and occasionally in normal circumstances. A large body of both experimental and clinical data has accumulated in the literature, elucidating the characteristic mechanisms underlying the regulation of craniospinal volume-pressure relationship; most of the evidence however was collected from a CSF space, inherently involving the spinal fluid space, too.

Published
1983
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22. Relationship of Cerebral Blood Volume Changes and Estimated Intracranial Compliance

Author

J. Vajda and I. Nyáry

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cerebral blood volume, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Intracranial compliance, In patient, business, Plateau wave, Balloon inflation, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Intracranial pressure
Abstract

The observation of Langfitt and his group (1) in animal experiments, that intracranial hypertension induced by subdural balloon inflation was followed by a secondary rise of intracranial pressure which could be attributed to a reactive dilatation of cerebral vessels, has also initiated the investigation of the role of cerebral blood volume (CBV) as major determinant of intracranial compliance. Risberg and co-workers (5) later showed that plateau waves were accompanied by an increase of CBV and the same conclusion was reached more recently in the paper of Matsuda et al. (3), who demonstrated a maintained autoregulatory function during plateau waves in patients harboring intracranial tumors. In the present investigation we have measured CBV during acute, reversible rises of ICP elicited by different maneuvers in patients presenting with intracranial hypertension.

Published
1983
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23. Local blood flow of the hypothalamus in haemorrhagic hypotension

Author

I, Nyáry, E, Maklári, A G, Kovách, and I, Harka

Subjects
Male, Oxygen, Bicarbonates, Dogs, Regional Blood Flow, Hypothalamus, Animals, Female, Hypotension, Shock, Hemorrhagic, Acidosis
Abstract

Local blood flow of the hypothalamus (HBF) was measured by the hydrogen clearance method in anaesthetized dogs. The average value for HBF in normal controls was 0.64 +/- 0.05 ml/g/min, which compares favourably with values available in the literature. During haemorrhagic hypotension induced by a modified Wiggers method there occurred a marked reduction of HBF to 52% of the initial control value at a mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of 55--60 mm Hg and to 44% at 35--40 mm Hg. Prevention of concomitant extracellular acidosis by infusion of sodium bicarbonate solution during the hypotensive period resulted in a significantly smaller decrease in HBF as compared to an untreated control group, and a significant protection of HBF was also found at 55--60 mm Hg MABP in the bicarbonate treated group, but not in controls treated with physiologic saline. Hypothalamic tissue hypoxia was inevitable in untreated bled animals due to insufficient circulatory transport, while evidence suggested that the metabolism might have remained unaltered in the group protected against acidosis during haemorrhage. Analysis of the control of local hypothalamic blood flow revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.7026, p less than 0.001) between HBF and arterial blood pH in severe hypotension which is outside the autoregulatory blood pressure domain.

Published
1977

24. Analysis of reflex changes in hepatic tissue blood flow elicited from the intestinal mucosa

Author

I, Benyó, J, Sándor, I, Nyáry, P, Sándor, and Z, Benyó

Subjects
Male, Dogs, Glucose, Reflex, Animals, Female, Hydrochloric Acid, Intestinal Mucosa, Vagotomy, Anesthesia, Local, Liver Circulation
Abstract

The reflex changes of local hepatic blood flow (HBF) were studied in anaesthetized dogs. An increase of HBF following the acidification of duodenal mucosa and the injection of glucose solution into the intestinal lumen was demonstrated. An attempt was made to cast light on the underlying mechanism which may govern the above mentioned local circulatory reflexes in the liver, by investigating the effect of bilateral vagotomy and of the local anaesthesia of duodenal mucosa. The importance of these hepatic circulatory reflexes from the point of view of surgical indications and the clinical treatment is discussed.

Published
1976

25. Control of organ blood flow following hemorrhage

Author

A G, Kovách, A, Mitsányi, E, Monos, I, Nyáry, and A, Sulyok

Subjects
Atropine, Kidney Cortex, Phenoxybenzamine, Muscles, Submandibular Gland, Hypothalamus, Isoproterenol, Thyroid Gland, Blood Pressure, Hemorrhage, Dogs, Adipose Tissue, Ileum, Pituitary Gland, Adrenal Glands, Blood Circulation, Animals, Vascular Resistance, Cardiac Output, Bloodletting, Liver Circulation
Published
1972

26. Effect of Porto-Caval Shunt on Splanchnic Blood Flow in Hemorrhage

Author

I. Nyáry, M. Gergely, J. Hamar, and A. G. B. Kovách

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac output, Necrosis, business.industry, Central venous pressure, Hemodynamics, Blood flow, Constriction, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, medicine.symptom, Splanchnic, business
Abstract

Hypovolemic shock of the dogs is regularly accompanied by hemorrhagic necrosis of the intestinal epithelium. According to Lillehei et al., (1962), Seikurt (1970) and Lefler (1970) hemorrhagic enteritis appears to play an etiologic role in the shock state. Although the cause of the widespread intestinal damage is not yet clear, hemodynamic changes undoubtedly play a relevant role in its development. It was repeatedly shown (Fine, 1967; Lillehei et al., 1967; Bashour & McClelland, 1967) that blood flow through organs of the splanchnic area decreases considerably both in hemorrhagic and other forms of shock. Among possible etiologic factors, the long-lasting hypotension, the increased sympathetic activity (Chien & Hitzig, 1964; Fedina et al., 1965; Thamer et al. 1969) and, in dogs only, the constriction of the hepatic sphincters (Conn & Parsons, 1950; MacLean et al., 1956; Knisely et al., 1957) should be considered. However the precise role of the hepatic sphincters in initiating necrosis of the intestinal epithelium has not yet been established. In order to clarify their role we studied the effect of porto-caval shunt on the development of shock in anesthetized dogs.

Published
1973
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28. Hypothalamic and cortical evoked potentials in hemorrhagic shock

Author

E, Dóra, A G, Kovách, and I, Nyáry

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Hypothalamus, Blood Pressure, Electroencephalography, Splanchnic Nerves, Somatosensory Cortex, Shock, Hemorrhagic, Amygdala, Sciatic Nerve, Cats, Animals, Blood Transfusion, Female, Hypotension, Evoked Potentials
Published
1972

29. Acid-base balance and regional CO2 content of the brain in hypovolaemic shock

Author

E, Maklári, A G, Kovách, and I, Nyáry

Subjects
Acid-Base Equilibrium, Brain Chemistry, Cerebral Cortex, Male, Medulla Oblongata, Partial Pressure, Hypothalamus, Blood Pressure, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Shock, Hemorrhagic, Bicarbonates, Dogs, Thalamus, Pons, Animals, Female, Acidosis
Published
1973

30. Effect of porto-caval shunt on splanchnic blood flow in hemorrhage

Author

J, Hamar, M, Gergely, I, Nyáry, and A G, Kovách

Subjects
Time Factors, Portacaval Shunt, Surgical, Blood Pressure, Shock, Hemorrhagic, Hindlimb, Dogs, Jejunum, Ileum, Regional Blood Flow, Forelimb, Intestine, Small, Animals, Infusions, Parenteral, Vascular Resistance, Cardiac Output, Venous Pressure
Published
1972

31. Hypothalamic and Cortical Evoked Potentials in Hemorrhagic Shock

Author

A. G. B. Kovách, E. Dóra, and I. Nyáry

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Thalamus, Splanchnic nerves, Pons, Traumatic Shock, Blood pressure, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Hypothalamus, Internal medicine, Medulla oblongata, medicine, business, Perfusion
Abstract

In hemorrhagic hypotension the cortical electrical activity ceases almost entirely and after reinfusion the starting activity fails to return (Kovach and Fonyo, 1960). In the terminal phase of traumatic shock the energy-rich phosphate content of the brain decreases in rats (Kovach et.al. 1952, 1959). A significant hyper-capnia was found in the hypothalamus, in the frontal cortex and in the sagittal sinus blood without marked changes in the thalamus, medulla oblongata and pons (Maklary and Kovach, 1968). Perfusion of the isolated head in ischemic and hemorrhagic shock or 50 ml/min intracarotid blood transfusion in hemorrhagic shock increased markedly the survival time of dogs (Kovach et.al., 1958).

Published
1973
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32. Control of Organ Blood Flow Following Hemorrhage

Author

E. Monos, Kovách Ag, A. Mitsányi, A. Sulyok, and I. Nyáry

Subjects
Organ blood flow, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac output, business.industry, Blood volume, Vasodilation, Blood flow, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, Circulatory system, Cardiology, medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Vasoconstriction
Abstract

The circulatory responses to hemorrhage involve a pattern of selective vasoconstriction and vasodilatation which produces a redistribution of the diminished cardiac output (Blalock and Levy 1937, Frank et al. 1956, Corday and Williams 1960, Sapirstein et al. 1960, Gregg 1962, Takacs et al. 1962, Smith et al. 1965, Fell 1966, Neutze et al. 1968, Kovach et al. 1968, Kovach 1970). Hinshaw et al. (1961) observed in the dog that loss of 10 per cent of the blood volume produced a 21 per cent fall in cardiac output, but a decline of only 7 per cent in the arterial pressure. A 20 per cent hemorrhage caused a 45 per cent fall in cardiac output, but only 15 per cent drop in arterial blood pressure. The physiologic compensatory mechanisms activated by acute volume deficit favor the maintenance of pressure at the expense of flow.

Published
1973
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