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Effect of rejected Eucheuma cottonii level in complete feed on nutrient intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and body weight gain of early weaned Bali calves was studied. Twelve Bali calves aged 4 months with average early body weight 40 kg and standard error 1.3 kg were used in this experiment. Completely randomized design was applied with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were CT0 (complete feed without Eucheuma cottonii, CT5 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 5%), CT10 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 10%), and CT15 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 15%). The results on nutrient intake indicated that there were no significantly differences (p>0.05) among treatments by Bali calves. There were also no significant differences (p>0.05) of treatments on crude protein and fiber digestibility, however, digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were same among 5, 10, and 15 % level of rejected E. cottonii in complete feed. There were significantly different (p0.05) of treatments on body weight gain and body linear measures of Bali calves. It was concluded that 1) dry matter and other nutrient intake were the same between early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with or without rejected E. cottonii, 2) digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE of complete feed differed among treatments. The lowest digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. Digestibility of CP and CF were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with and without rejected E. cottonii, 3) blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration differed among treatments. The lowest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. The highest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were general at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with 15% rejected E. cottonii, 4) daily body weight gain and linear body measures were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with or without rejected E. cottonii.

An experiment with the objective of improving the utilization of leucaena leaves by culled Bali cows by the inclusion of different sources of carbohydrate was conducted following a completely randomized design using 16 thin cull Bali cows. Four diets were allotted to each animal at any period including La: the animal was offered a diet consisting of 80% dried leucaena leaves and 20% rice straw as a control, LaLb: added with pumpkin, LaJg: added with cornmeal, and LaLbJg: added with pumpkin and cornmeal. All supplemented diets were set to have similar energy and protein level. Variables measured included intake and digestibility of nutrients, rumen environments, and daily weight gain. Results showed that the inclusion of pumpkin and especially cornmeal significantly increased (P

The present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of introducing different pasture legumes on the growth profile and forage production of the selected native pasture grass species at different stages of growth. In a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications, the mixture of Sorghum plumosum (SP) and Bothriochloa pertusa (BP) was introduced respectively with one of the forage legumes ie. Alysicarpus vaginalis (AV), Pueraria phasoloides (PP), Desmodium incanum (DI), and Clitoria ternatea (CT). Growth profile and forage production were measured at 40, 60, and 80 days after planting. Results showed that CT and PP significantly improved the growth and DM production of SP and suppressed (PBP during the early vegetative stage but did not during the late vegetative stage. Introduction of legumes reduced (PSP and the total forage production but improved (PB. pertusa as well as a leaf:stem ratio of both types of grass at the generative stage. PP had the highest (PP. phasoloides provide the highest foliage during the vegetative stage and A. vaginalis and D. incanum during the generative stage.

Meat deterioration can occur because of lipid oxidation and bacteria that could affect meat quality. It has been recognized that fruits of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces contain bioactive compounds that have a capability to prevent oxidation and bacterial growth. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of lime and roselle calyces extracts on se’i (Rotenese smoked beef) quality. Completely randomized design (CRD) with 2x4 factorial pattern was used in this study. The first factor (E) was source of extracts i.e., lime extract (E1) and roselle extract (E2). The second factor (L) was level of the extract consisted of 4 levels i.e., control (without extract/ L0); L1= 1%; L2= 2%; and L3= 3% (v/v). Each treatment consisted of 3 replications. Sensory properties measured were aroma, taste, and tenderness. Other variables measured were color, total plate count (TPC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and residual nitrite. The taste and tenderness of se’i were affected (P

Se’i (smoked meat) quality influenced by fresh meat quality and smoking method. Meat from culled cow at different body condition scores (BCS) and which are smoked using different method produce different quality of se’i. This research was aimed to study the effect of different smoking methods on nutritional value and color of se’i made from meat of Bali cattle cows with different BCS. The experimental design used was completely randomized design 3 × 4 with factorial patterns. The first factor was smoking method namely open, close and liquid smoke method. The second factor was BCS namely BCS 2, BCS 3 and BCS 4. The parameters measured were se’i nutritional value (water, protein and fat content) and color (L (lightness), a (redness) and b (yellowness). Data were analysed using ANOVA, followed by Least square means (LSM). Results showed that water and protein content was depend on BCS, as BCS increased, water content decreased and protein content increased (pa and b decrease while the L increases. In conclusion, BCS factor was influencing se’i quality rather than smoking method.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of body condition score (BCS) on dressing percentage and carcass characteristics of cull Bali cows. Three groups of Bali cows (n=4) with body condition of 2, 3 and 4 were used in this experiment. They were assigned as BCS2, BCS3 and BCS4, respectively. The animals were slaughtered at the faculty slaughter house. Weight of non-carcass parts (skin, blood, fluck, offal, hide and head) were recorded. Hot carcass was weighed and fabricated into lean, fat and bone of each sub-primal cuts. Results showed that the percentage of non-carcass part did not differ (P>0.05) among cows with different BCS. Dressing percentage of cull Bali cows was improved (P

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Citrus aurantifolia extract (CAE), coconut shell liquid smoke (CSLS) and the combination of CAE and CSLS (CACS) on se’i characteristics. A completely randomized design was assigned in this experiment. Treatments used were: se’i treated with 5% (v/v) CAE, CSLS 5% (v/v), (CAE : CSL 1:1) )/ (CACS) and untreated se’i as a control (C). Parameters measured were: aroma, color, taste, pH, residual nitrite, total bacterial count, Coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella . The data of aroma, color, and taste were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. The pH, residual nitrite, and bacterial data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by least significant differences test. Results showed that CAE caused the highest score at both aroma and taste (P

Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji produksi dan nilai nutrisi C. ternatea yang dipanen pada umur 60, 75 dan 90 hari setelah panen. C. ternatea ditanam pada 18 petak dengan ukuran 3 × 3 m2 dengan jarak tanam 40 × 20 cm dengan 3-4 biji per lubang tanam. Hijauan dipanen pada umur 60, 75 dan 90 hari setelah tanam sebagai perlakuan dengan masing-masing 6 ulangan. Variabel yang diukur adalah produksi hijauan, komposisi kimia hijauan dan kecernaan in vitro bahan kering dan bahan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan (P>0,05) produksi hijauan C.ternatea yang dipanen pada umur 60, 75 dan 90 hari setelah tanam. Sementara itu, rasio daun:batang menurun (P

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding silage of sorghum-butterfly pea mixture (which was made of forage harvested from sorghum sown at differing planting space and intercropped with Clitoria ternatea) on intake, digestibility, rumen environment and blood metabolites of Kacang goats. The experiment was designed following a replicated latin square with three treatments and three periods. In each period, two goats were randomly fed one of the three silage mixture which was made of clitoria and sorghum mixture harvested from sorghum planting space of 20×20 cm2 (S20), 40×40 cm2 (S40) and 60×60 cm2 (S60). Data on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations as well as blood glucose and total plasma protein were collected during the last week of each period which lasted for three weeks. Results showed that crude protein (CP) content were increased with increasing sorghum planting space as the proportion of clitoria in the forage mixture increased. Meanwhile, crude fiber (CF) were comparable among different silage. Dry matter intake (DMI) and digestibility were not different (P>0.05) in Kacang goats fed different silage. However, rumen NH3 and VFA concentrations were significantly (P

Some factors that contribute to variation in the responses of Bali cattle calves to dry season supplementation before weaning were examined on-farm in 10 villages located in three districts in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia from June to December 2008. The altitudes of the three districts were 0–100, 400 and 800 m above sea level. A total of 199 Bali (Banteng, Bos sondaicus) calves were offered a concentrate supplement from 1 month after birth (or June for calves born before May) at a level of 2% liveweight. The supplement consisted of grass hay and concentrate (rice bran, corn meal, leucaena leaf and fish meal) containing 18.6% crude protein. The supplement was offered to calves in the morning while confined to calf pens when the dams were released for grazing. Calves were reunited with the cows during the night. The effects of districts, herd size and month of birth on mortality rate, liveweight gain (LWG) and growth in supplemented calves were examined. Mortality rate averaged 1.0% and was not affected by month of birth, herd size or districts. The month of calving varied from March to September, but was mostly concentrated during June and July (55%). Month of birth did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) LWG of the calves, but the heart girth of calves born early (May) did increase at a slower rate (P < 0.05) than calves born late (August) (10 mm/day versus 27 mm/day). LWG of supplemented calves was faster (P < 0.05) in herds of 10 or less cow-calf pairs (220 g/day) than in herds of more than 10 cow-calf pairs (160 g/day). Altitude affected LWG (P < 0.05) of supplemented calves; gains were 170, 210 and 280 g/day for the three districts with altitudes of 1–100, 400 and 800 m, respectively. Implications of the factors affecting response to supplementation are discussed.

An on-farm experiment was conducted in several villages in the district of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT), Indonesia from June to October 2007. The experiment investigated the efficacy of a supplementation strategy to improve calf survival and performance during the dry season. A total of 258 Bali (Banteng, Bos javanicus) cow–calf pairs were used in the experiment. Calves from the 190 cow–calf pairs in the treatment groups were allocated grass hay + concentrate supplementation as follows: 1% (n = 98), 2% (n = 56) and 3% (n = 42) of calf bodyweight. There were 62 cow–calf pairs in the unsupplemented control group. The supplement consisted of grass hay and concentrate (rice bran, cornmeal, leucaena leaf and fish meal) containing 18% crude protein. The supplement was introduced to calves in the morning while confined to calf pens when the dams were grazing. Calves were reunited with the cows during the night. Parameters measured were calf mortality, calf and cow daily gain, and milk production. Supplementation tended to reduce calf mortality (P = 0.094) from 6.4% in control to 0% in calves receiving 2% and 3% supplement. Levels of supplementation significantly (P