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INTRODUCTION Multisource feedback (MSF), also called 360-degree assessment, is one form of assessment used in postgraduate training. However, there is an ongoing discussion on its value, since the factors which influence the impact of MSF and the main impact of MSF are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated both the influencing factors and the impact of MSF on residency training. METHODS We conducted a qualitative case study within the boundaries of the residency training for paediatricians and paediatric surgeons at a University Hospital. We collected data from seven focus group interviews with stakeholders of MSF (residents, raters, supervisors). By performing a reflexive thematic analysis, we extracted the influencing factors and the impact of MSF. RESULTS We found seven influencing factors: MSF is facilitated by the announcement of a clear goal of MSF, the training of raters on the MSF instrument, a longitudinal approach of observation, timing not too early and not too late during the rotation, narrative comments as part of the ratings, the residents' self-assessment, and a supervisor from the same department. We found three themes on the impact of MSF: MSF supports the professional development of residents, enhances interprofessional teamwork, and increases the raters' commitment to the training of residents. CONCLUSION This study illuminates the influencing factors and impact of MSF on residency training. We offer novel recommendations on the continuity of observation, the timing during rotations, and the role of the supervisor. Moreover, by discussing our results through the lens of identity formation theory, this work advances our conceptual understanding of MSF. We propose identity formation theory as a framework for future research on MSF to leverage the potential of MSF in residency training.

Additional file 2. Interview guide.

Additional file 1. The coding frame.

Objective To describe and evaluate a consensus finding and expert validation process for the development of patient-centred communication assessments for a national Licensing Exam in Medicine. Methods A multi-professional team of clinicians and experts in communication, assessment and role-play developed communication assessments for the Swiss Federal Licensing Examination. The six-month process, informed by a preceding national needs-assessment, an expert symposium and a critical literature review covered the application of patient-centred communication frameworks, the development of assessment guides, concrete assessments and pilot-tests. The participants evaluated the process. Results The multiple-step consensus process, based on expert validation of the medical and communication content, led to six high-stakes patient-centred communication OSCE-assessments. The process evaluation revealed areas of challenge such as calibrating rating-scales and case difficulty to the graduates’ competencies and integrating differing opinions. Main success factors were attributed to the outcome-oriented process and the multi-professional exchange of expertise. A model for developing high stakes patient-centred communication OSCE-assessments was derived. Conclusions Consensus finding was facilitated by using well-established communication frameworks, by ensuring outcome-orientated knowledge exchange among multi-professional experts, and collaborative validation of content through experts. Practice implications We propose developing high-stakes communication assessments in a multi-professional expert consensus and provide a conceptual model. Keywords Assessment Federal licensing examination Patient-centred communication

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