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Clinical challenges occur when treating patients with maxillofacial defects with digital technology. This report describes a technique that combines intraoral scanning to fabricate a milled record base along with the conventional processing to fabricate a definitive maxillary obturator prosthesis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to systematically review the overall outcomes of studies comparing the misfit of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) CAD-CAM implant-supported frameworks with frameworks fabricated with other materials and techniques. Methods: An electronic literature search of English literature was performed using Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and PubMed, using predetermined inclusion criteria. Specific terms were utilized in conducting a search from the inception of the respective database up to May 2022. After the search strategy was applied, the data were extracted and the results were analyzed. The focused question was: Is the misfit of the implant-supported zirconia CAD-CAM framework lower than that of non-Y-TZP implant-supported fixed restorations? Results: Eleven articles were included for qualitative assessment and critical appraisal in this review. In the included studies, Y-TZP CAD-CAM implant-supported frameworks were compared to Titanium (Ti), Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, PEEK and high-density polymer, and cast and CAD-CAM frameworks. The studies used scanning electron microscopy, one-screw tests, digital or optical microscopy, 3D virtual assessment, and replica techniques for analyzing the misfit of frameworks. Six studies showed comparable misfits among the Y-TZP CAD-CAM frameworks and the controls. Three studies showed higher misfits for the Y-TZP CAD-CAM frameworks, whereas two studies reported lower misfits for Y-TZP CAD-CAM implant frameworks compared to controls. Conclusion: Y-TZP CAD-CAM implant-supported frameworks have comparable misfits to other implant-supported frameworks. However, due to heterogeneity in the methodologies of the included studies, the overall numerical misfit of the frameworks assessed in the reviewed studies is debatable

This study aimed to measure the effect of storage environment on the hardness, surface roughness and wear ability of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics. A total of 200 rectangular-shaped specimens were obtained by sectioning 5 CAD/CAM blocks; Crystal Ultra (CU), Vita Enamic (VE), Lava Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (CS) and Vita blocks Mark II (MII). Microhardness and surface roughness were measured at baseline and after 7 days of immersion either in saliva or cola (n = 10). The wear ability of the CAD/CAM materials against steatite-ceramics antagonist was determined using a chewing simulator. The data were statistically analyzed using factorial ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni multiple comparison tests (p < 0.05). The independent factors significantly influenced the microhardness and surface roughness (p < 0.05). The highest VHN was observed in MII at baseline (586.97 ± 13.95), while CU showed the lowest VHN after 7 days of immersion in cola (68.3 ± 1.89). On the contrary, the highest Ra was observed after 120,000 chewing cycles for the VE specimens (1.09 ± 0.43 µm) immersed in cola, while LU showed the lowest Ra at baseline (0.07 ± 0.01 µm). The highest % mass loss of the antagonist was observed with MII immersed in cola (1.801%), while CS demonstrated the lowest % mass loss of 0.004% and 0.007% in AS and cola, respectively. This study confirms that the surface properties of tested CAD/CAM materials are susceptible to degradation in an acidic environment except for hardness and wear of CS material.

Objective With the emergence of graduates from all government and private-funded dental colleges in Saudi Arabia (SA), it is pressing to explore the graduates’ satisfaction with the dental undergraduate education and training they received. The aim of the present study was to investigate the graduates’ satisfaction with their education and training according to college funding arrangements (government vs private-funded) and time since establishment (established- >15 years vs new- Methods A piloted, electronic questionnaire was emailed to all the members of the Saudi Dental Society who had graduated from government and and private dental colleges in SA (2,185 registrants). Results The response rate was 36.4%, with 580 government-funded college graduates (72.9%) and 216 private college graduates (27.1%) having completed and returned the questionnaire. The distribution of participants between established and new colleges was ‘established’ 396 (49.8%) and ‘new’ 400 (50.2%). Levels of dissatisfaction were recorded for graduates from established and new, government-funded and private colleges. The levels of dissatisfaction were greater amongst the graduates of established and government-funded colleges. Conclusion The findings of the present study indicate concerning levels of dissatisfaction with important aspects of dental education in SA. It is suggested that there is a pressing need for more integration of basic and clinical sciences and an emphasis on hands-on training. National coordination of arrangements for dental curricula could make a major contribution to addressing the problems identified.

Telescopic crown attachments have been successfully used in completely and partially edentulous patients. This type of attachment provides retention, support, and stability with optimal hygiene for the removable dental prosthesis (RDP). With the emergence of CAD/CAM technology, telescopic crown attachments can be virtually designed and milled precisely to ensure a passive fit of the attachment parts and maximal functionality of the RDP. This article reviews both the clinical outcome and prosthodontic rehabilitation of telescopic crown attachments of an edentulous ectodermal dysplasia patient with solitary rigid conical telescopic crown attachments.

Patients with Down syndrome can present with a variety of oral manifestations such as hypodontia, periodontal disease, premature tooth loss, reduced salivary flow, crowding of teeth in both arches, and decreased occlusal vertical dimension. The intellectual ability of people with Down syndrome varies widely. They present with a mild-to-moderate intellectual disability that restricts their ability to communicate and adjust to their environment, which can add complexity in the overall dental treatment. There is little information in the literature regarding the prosthodontic rehabilitation for patients with Down syndrome in combination with dental implant placement. An implant-assisted removable partial dental prosthesis can be a cost-effective treatment alternative for carefully chosen patients with Down syndrome. This article presents the treatment of a 44-year-old male patient with Down syndrome and a moderate intellectual disability who presented with congenital and acquired tooth loss with significant occlusal discrepancies. The treatment included a prosthodontic approach that used a single dental implant, which will be described and illustrated in this article.

Diabetes affect a chronic disease which affect very big population and has very dangerous consequences. This makes patient often visit physician for monitoring and checking, however telemedicine can improve life and easily report the current health status. In this review we discuss where telemedicine used, in which field it can be used and also its efficiency. We conducted a comprehensive electronic database of biological and health sciences including MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, EMBASE, Embase, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID). The main keywords used in search for studies included in this review included: “Diabetes”, “primary care”, “telemedicine”, “family medicine”, and “management”. Diabetes Mellitus is just one of the persistent diseases which can impact mostly all age groups worldwide. Telemedicine approaches integrated with the usual treatment are associated with improved glycemic control in diabetic person individuals. Individuals surveyed reported seeing a physician and also going to the emergency room much less commonly. Patients also reported investing much less on traveling as well as handling their chronic problems more effectively with the help of telehealth.

Hydatid cyst disease is a significant health problem for undeveloped and developing countries. Humans are infected by way of contaminated dogs or contaminated uncooked vegetables. Cardiac hydatid cyst disease is uncommon, occurring in approximately 0.5% to 2% of patients with hydatid disease. Most cardiac hydatid cysts are located in the left ventricle and interventricular septum. The rate of pericardial hydatid cysts is (2-10) % of cardiac echinococcosis. Although cardiac involvement is rare, early diagnosis and treatment of this situation is important. Surgical options include sternotomy, thoractomy and video assisted thoracoscopy (VATS). In the present report, a 17-year-old girl with pericardial and hepatic hydatid cyst is described and it has been treated with left VATS for pericardial cyst. In the present patient, the hydatid cyst was located inside the pericardial cavity without myocardial involvement.

Ectodermal dysplasia is a rare, hereditary, congenital disease that affects the normal development of certain tissues and structures of ectodermal origin. The disease is manifested to different degrees of severity and may involve the nose, eyes, hair, nails, sweat glands, and enamel. This report describes a 14-year-old boy with ectodermal dysplasia, rehabilitated with monolithic, multichromatic maxillary and mandibular computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) acrylic resin complete overdentures.

Patients with Down syndrome can present with a variety of oral manifestations such as hypodontia, periodontal disease, premature tooth loss, reduced salivary flow, crowding of teeth in both arches, and decreased occlusal vertical dimension. The intellectual ability of people with Down syndrome varies widely. They present with a mild-to-moderate intellectual disability that restricts their ability to communicate and adjust to their environment, which can add complexity in the overall dental treatment. There is little information in the literature regarding the prosthodontic rehabilitation for patients with Down syndrome in combination with dental implant placement. An implant-assisted removable partial dental prosthesis can be a cost-effective treatment alternative for carefully chosen patients with Down syndrome. This article presents the treatment of a 44-year-old male patient with Down syndrome and a moderate intellectual disability who presented with congenital and acquired tooth loss with significant occlusal discrepancies. The treatment included a prosthodontic approach that used a single dental implant, which will be described and illustrated in this article.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to detect whether core build-up materials could be isolated as an inhibitory factor in the polymerization of commonly used types of elastomeric regular set impression materials, and to evaluate several decontamination methods to eliminate the inhibitory effect of core build-up materials. Materials and Methods The polymerization of six brands of elastomeric impression materials (Virtual, Aquasil, Genie, Correct Plus, Express and Impregum) was evaluated in vitro after direct contact with various core build-up materials (composite resin, flowable composites and resin-modified glass ionomers). The setting of impression materials was visually scored as either inhibited or non-inhibited independently by three different general practitioners. Different methods to prevent inhibition were also tested. The materials were dispensed according to the manufacturers’ instructions on exposed dentin of the premolar teeth mounted in dental stone. A Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate the results ( p Results Setting inhibition was found with five brands of Polyvinyl siloxane impression materials when they directly contact four types of core build-up materials. None of the materials used caused inhibition to the polyether impression material. No decontamination method proved adequate in preventing impression material inhibition except grinding 1 mm from the multicore restoration surface. Examiners were in complete agreement (kappa +1). Conclusions Based on the results of our study and for optimal results, when using Multicore composite as a core build-up material, at least 1 mm from the restoration surface should be grinded before the PVS final impressions are taken. Flowable composites should not be used as a core build-up material with PVS impression materials, so polyether is the material of choice.

We empirically test whether neighbouring countries compete for and take the FDI inflows of each other. Using time series data for the years 1991-2013, the impact of the FDI inflows to the neighbouring countries of Pakistan (i.e., China, India, and Iran) on the FDI inflows to Pakistan was tested. We found that the FDI inflows to China has a negative impact on the FDI inflows to Pakistan while the FDI inflows to India has a positive impact on the FDI inflows to Pakistan, whereas the impact of FDI inflows to Iran on the FDI inflows to Pakistan is insignificant. Further, trade openness and GDP growth were found to have a significant and positive impact on the FDI inflows to Pakistan. The study also found the existence of long run relationship between the FDI inflows to Pakistan, India, China and Iran. The empirical findings of the study suggest that policies made in isolation based on country specific FDI determinants will have less significant results as compared to policies made on the relative FDI attractiveness score. The ultimate impact of agglomeration of policies will helps in sustaining sustainable economic growth and development as well as improves largely society welfare of the neighbouring countries.

Oseltamivir delivers modest clinical advantages to children with influenza when started within 48 hours of symptom beginning. Nevertheless, effectiveness and safety stay controversial. We conducted the current meta-analysis using a comprehensive search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials till 15 February 2018 for randomized controlled trials of oseltamivir therapy in children. Four studies met the search criteria. Overall, oseltamivir treatment significantly reduced the duration of illness in the ITTI population (RMST difference, -18.2 hours; 95% CI, −32.2 to −0.6 hours). In trials that enrolled patients without asthma, the difference was larger (RMST difference −26.7 hours; 95% CI, −49.8 to −6.1 hours).Risk of otitis media was 34% lower in the ITTI population. Vomiting was the only adverse event with a significantly higher risk in the treatment group. Regardless of considerable heterogeneity in pediatric trials, we found that treatment with oseltamivir treatment started within 24 hours of symptom onset provides substantial benefits to children with influenza infection and lowered the risk of developing otitis media.

In this paper six different available classes of Stub-Series Terminated Logic (SSTL) Input/output standard is used for the design of Green Fibonacci generator on 40nm FGPA. That green Fibonacci Generator is used to generate key for Wi-Fi Protected Access in order to make energy efficient communication or green communication possible. Six SSTL I/O standards include SSTL18_I, SSTL18_II, SSTL18_I_DCI (S18ID), SS18IID (S18IID), SSTL15 and SSTL15_DCI. We compared I/O power of SSTL18_I with SSTL18_II, S18ID with S18IID and SSTL15 with SSTL15_DCI on different frequencies ranging from 1GHz-1THz. After comparison it is observed that, SSTL15 is the most energy efficient and S18IIDis the worst energy efficient. Then on comparison of SSTL15 with SSTL18_II_DCI (S18IID), it is found that, when Fibonacci generator is operated at different frequencies like 1GHz, 10GHz, 100GHz and 1THz, the reduction in I/O power requirement of SSTL15 is 77.00%, 45.89%, 19.23% and 14.41% respectively, less than S18IID.

In this paper our aim is to design an energy efficient UART using different IO Standard. UART known as Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. It is one of the crucial element in communication system to communicate two michrocontroller based system. For short distance and low cost data exchange, UART is widely used. The implementation of UART's with VHDL can be unified into FPGA for the achievement of reliable, and compact data transmission. In this paper, we aregoing to implementan HSTL(High-Speed Transceiver Logic) IOSTANDARD based energy efficient Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). To achieve speed and high performance, we are using HSTL (High-Speed Transceiver Logic) IOSTANDARD.The HSTL family which we used in this paper are HSTL_I, HSTL_II, HSTL-I_18, and HSTL_II_18 IO Standards. Frequency Scaling technique is one of the best energy efficient technologies for FPGA, which is used in this paper In this paper, it has been analysed the demand for total power dissipation of different IO Standard at different frequency level. We have analysed that the increasing of frequency leads to increase in the clock and IO powerfor different IO standards.

The expansion of textile and clothing production to Asian regions has both, increased competition and created a need for integration with the global supply chain. Strategies are being designed to improve competitiveness and responsiveness of the chains by increasing the diversification of products and value addition. This study formulates and examines the potential of such strategies and their implementation for textile and clothing chains originating from Pakistan. The strategies were developed based on a SWOT analysis followed by their prioritization through Saaty´s AHP and ANP. This work extends the previously developed phase of strategic planning to the implementation phase. Here we analyse the strategic plans using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method and taking into account relevant factors such as cost, time and implementability., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)