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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) ConsortiumMarta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-5-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-5-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Marta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-jrs-10.1177_01410768231182389 for COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region by Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) ConsortiumMarta García-Fiñana and Iain E Buchan in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to describe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls and consider whether there were differences according to geography. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (

Additional file 1. Population demographics, MCMC output (parameter estimates, trace plots and posterior distributions) for all models and log likelihood profile for infectiveness.

Additional file 1. Full search strategy tables.

Additional file 1: Additional results and sensitivity analyses that supplement the core paper and are referred to in text.

Additional file 2. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist.

Background Delay to diagnosis in axial SpA (axSpA) is longer than in many other rheumatic diseases. Prolonged delay is associate with poorer outcomes, including functional impairment and quality of life. Our aims were to describe global variation in delay to diagnosis, factors associated with delay, and delay compared with PsA. Methods We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science using a predefined protocol. Diagnostic delay was defined as years between the age at symptom onset and at diagnosis. We pooled the mean delay using random effects inverse variance meta-analysis. We examined variations in pooled estimates using prespecified subgroup analyses and sources of heterogeneity using meta-regression. Results A total of 64 studies reported the mean diagnostic delay in axSpA patients. The pooled mean delay was 6.7 years (95% CI 6.2, 7.2) with high levels of heterogeneity. Delay to diagnosis did not improve over time when stratifying results by year of publication. Studies from high-income countries (defined by the World Bank) reported longer delays than those from middle-income countries. Factors consistently reported to be associated with longer delays were lower education levels, younger age at symptom onset and absence of extra-articular manifestations (EAMs). The pooled estimate for diagnostic delay from 8 PsA studies was significantly shorter, at 2.6 years (95% CI 1.6, 3.6). Conclusion For axSpA patients, delay to diagnosis remains unacceptably prolonged in many parts of the world. Patient factors (e.g. education) and disease presentation (onset age and EAMs) should inform campaigns to improve delay.

Tables S1-S3, Figures S1-S3. (DOCX 71 kb)