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New carbon nanomaterials include carbon dots, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

Jinbo Zhao,1,* Ling Hou,2,* Ni Zhu,3,* Rui Huang,1 Ke Su,1 Yuhua Lei,1 Yuanhong Li1 1Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province, 445000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province, 445000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yuanhong Li, Email lyh0101@vip.comObjective: The CHA2DS2-VASc score, a system which has been initially recommended for the assessment of thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), arouses attention in the field of adverse coronary events. The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive value of preprocedural CHA2DS2-VASc score on ISR in patients after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.Methods: To further investigate the relationship between CHA2DS2-VASc scores and ISR after DES, a retrospective study of DES was carried on. Additionally, the preoperative variables for the ISR and control groups were contrasted. Predictive factors were chosen using the optimal subset regression. We validate the model using internal validation. The prediction model was evaluated using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: We used a 3:7 ratio to create an experimental group and a validation group, and then ran a stepwise regression with the data from each of the two groups. The results showed that CHA2DS2-VASc score was an independent risk factor for ISR in both the experimental (p = 0.0139) and validation groups (p = 0.0014), and both had significant predictive value for ISR. The area of the ROC curve was greater than 0.5 in both groups (AUC = 0.78, 0.719, respectively) indicating that the model fit was good in both groups.Conclusion: The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a reliable predictor of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after DES implantation.Keywords: CHA2DS2-VASc score, drug-eluting stents, DES, percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI, in-stent restenosis, ISR

Horoscopes are very popular and common discussed today in people’s daily life. The purpose of this essay is to explore what types of people are more likely to believe in horoscopes since there were about 10 research paper in studying different types of people who believe horoscopes.The essay explains some reasons that people believe in horoscopes can be explained by locus of control and Barnum effect. By studying women's role in propaganda magazines, individual’s education level, and the frequency of people reading horoscope forecasts, the following conclusions were drawn: young, less-educated women were more likely to believe in horoscopes than men.

The existing wireless communication interference methods rely heavily on the characteristics of the target signals obtained in communication reconnaissance, require complex prior knowledge, and have problems in keeping up with the dynamic changes of relevant parameters. This paper proposes a GAN-based tech-nology of generating spoofing-jamming I/Q signals. The jammer will be able to deceive and interfere with op-ponents through GAN by generating spoofing-jamming I/Q signals highly correlated to real I/Q signals without prior knowledge. This paper first introduces the principle of GAN and the GAN model to be adopted; uses a software radio system composed of LabView and NI USRP software and hardware plat-forms to simulate real communication scenarios to collect real I/Q signal data; generates spoofing-jamming I/Q signals through GAN model; uses t-SNE algorithm to perform dimensionality reduction on both the real and the spoofing-jamming I/Q signal data to visualize their distributions; finally, tests the spoofing-jamming I/Q signals on receiver’s pre-trained classifier. The experimental results show that GAN provides an effective method for generating high-quality spoofing-jamming I/Q signals. &nbsp

Recent non-local self-attention methods have proven to be effective in capturing long-range dependencies for semantic segmentation. These methods usually form a similarity map of RC*C (by compressing spatial dimensions) or RHW*HW (by compressing channels) to describe the feature relations along either channel or spatial dimensions, where C is the number of channels, H and W are the spatial dimensions of the input feature map. However, such practices tend to condense feature dependencies along the other dimensions,hence causing attention missing, which might lead to inferior results for small/thin categories or inconsistent segmentation inside large objects. To address this problem, we propose anew approach, namely Fully Attentional Network (FLANet),to encode both spatial and channel attentions in a single similarity map while maintaining high computational efficiency. Specifically, for each channel map, our FLANet can harvest feature responses from all other channel maps, and the associated spatial positions as well, through a novel fully attentional module. Our new method has achieved state-of-the-art performance on three challenging semantic segmentation datasets,i.e., 83.6%, 46.99%, and 88.5% on the Cityscapes test set,the ADE20K validation set, and the PASCAL VOC test set,respectively., Accepted by AAAI 2022

PurposeThe effect of hotel employee safety behavior has not as yet been investigated. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of hotel employee ternary safety behavior on negative safety outcomes, as well as the moderation effects of job vigor and emotional exhaustion.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey of 16 medium- and high-star-rated hotels in southeast China was conducted and 571 responses were received for model estimation. The statistical analysis techniques adopted were confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression, and structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results showed that: (1) safety compliance and participation positively predicted safety adaptation; (2) the three dimensions of safety behavior contributed to reducing negative safety outcomes, and there was a multiple mediation process in their relationship; and (3) job vigor positively moderated the influence of safety compliance and adaption on negative safety outcomes, and emotional exhaustion negatively moderated the influence of safety participation on negative safety outcomes.Originality/valueThis research provides greater insights into the relationship between safety behavior and outcome performance within the hotel industry, and yields theoretical and practical implications for improving employee safety behavior and hotel safety performance.

Background and objectiveNeonatal jaundice is a common clinical disease in neonates. Pathologic jaundice is more harmful to neonates. There are a few studies on the biomarkers of pathologic jaundice and the correlation between gut microbiota and clinical indices. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the characteristics of gut microbiota in pathologic jaundice, provide potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of pathologic jaundice, and find the correlation between gut microbiota and clinical indices.MethodsFourteen neonates with physiologic jaundice were recruited into a control group (Group A). Additionally, 14 neonates with pathologic jaundice were recruited into a case group (Group B). The microbial communities were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. LEfSe and the differences in the relative abundance of gut microbiota were used to identify different bacteria among the two groups. The ROC curve was used to assess effective biomarkers for pathologic jaundice. Spearman’s rank-sum correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between gut microbiota and clinical indices.ResultsThere were no differences in the total richness or diversity of gut microbiota between the two groups. At the phylum and genus levels, compared with the control group, Bacteroidetes (p = 0.002) and Braydrhizobium (p = 0.01) were significantly higher, while Actinobacteria (p = 0.003) and Bidfldobacterium (p = 0.016) were significantly lower in the case group. Bacteroidetes were valuable in differentiating pathologic jaundice from physiologic jaundice by the ROC curve, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was 0.839 [95%CI (0.648–0.995)]. In the case group, Bacteroidetes were negatively associated with total bilirubin (TBIL) (p Bacteroidetes were positively associated with TBIL (p ConclusionBacteroidetes could be used as biomarkers to identify pathologic jaundice and Bacteroidetes are positively associated with bilirubin levels.

BackgroundFibrosis of the myocardium is one of the main pathological changes of adverse cardiac remodeling, which is associated with unsatisfactory outcomes in patients with heart disease. Further investigations into the precise molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis are urgently required to seek alternative therapeutic strategies for individuals suffering from heart failure. SMOC2 has been shown to be essential to exert key pathophysiological roles in various physiological processes in vivo, possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. A study investigating the relationship between SMOC2 and myocardial fibrosis has yet to be conducted.MethodsMice received a continuous ISO injection subcutaneously to induce cardiac fibrosis, and down-regulation of SMOC2 was achieved by adeno-associated virus-9 (AAV9)-mediated shRNA knockdown. Neonatal fibroblasts were separated and cultured in vitro with TGFβ to trigger fibrosis and infected with either sh-SMOC2 or sh-RNA as a control. The role and mechanisms of SMOC2 in myocardial fibrosis were further examined and analyzed.ResultsSMOC2 knockdown partially reversed cardiac functional impairment and cardiac fibrosis in vivo after 21 consecutive days of ISO injection. We further demonstrated that targeting SMOC2 expression effectively slowed down the trans-differentiation and collagen deposition of cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by TGFβ. Mechanistically, targeting SMOC2 expression inhibited the induction of ILK and p38 in vivo and in vitro, and ILK overexpression increased p38 phosphorylation activity and compromised the protective effects of sh-SMOC2-mediated cardiac fibrosis.ConclusionTherapeutic SMOC2 silencing alleviated cardiac fibrosis through inhibition of the ILK/p38 signaling, providing a preventative and control strategy for cardiac remodeling management in clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the factors of 30-day survival in ECMO patients, establish a nomogram model, and evaluate the predictive value of the model.MethodsA total of 105 patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, from January 2018 to March 2021. Cox regression analysis screened out the risk factors. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the nomogram model was established by using R software, and the discrimination of the model was verified by bootstrap and calibration.ResultsThe results showed that sex, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score before ECMO initiation and average daily dose of norepinephrine were independent risk factors for prognosis. Verify that the nomogram model is verified by bootstrap internally, and the corrected C-index is C-index: 0.886, showing a good degree of discrimination. The calibration curve (calibration) showed that the nomogram model had good agreement. The decision curve analysis(DCA) curve shows good clinical validity above the two extreme curves. Kaplan–Meier curves were drawn for patients in the tertile and compared with the first and second groups. The third group predicted the worst 30-day prognosis for ECMO patients.ConclusionThe nomogram prediction model constructed based on the sex, APACHE II and DIC score, average daily dose of norepinephrine can effectively screen out the factors affecting the prognosis and provide a reference for individualized treatment of ECMO patients.

In order to investigate the carbon sequestration potential of biochar on soil, citrus orchard soils with a forest age of 5 years was taken as the research object, citrus peel biochar (OBC) and magnesium-modified citrus peel biochar (OBC-mg) were selected as additive materials, and organic carbon mineralization experiments were carried out in citrus orchard soil. OBC and OBC-Mg were applied to citrus orchard soils at four application rates (0, 1, 2, and 4%), and incubated at a constant temperature for 100 days. Compared with CK, the cumulative mineralization of soil organic carbon decreased by 5.11% with 1% OBC and 2.14% with 1% OBC-Mg. The application of OBC and OBC-Mg significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon fraction, while the content of soil organic carbon fraction was higher in OBC-Mg treated soil than in OBC treated soil. Meanwhile, the cumulative mineralization of soil organic carbon was significantly and positively correlated with the activities of soil catalase, urease and sucrase. The enzyme activities increased with the cumulative mineralization of organic carbon, and the enzyme activities of the OBC-Mg treated soil were significantly higher than those of the OBC treated soil. The results indicated that the OBC-Mg treatment inhibited the organic carbon mineralization in citrus orchard soils and was more favorable to the increase of soil organic carbon fraction. The Mg-modified approach improved the carbon sequestration potential of biochar for citrus orchard soils and provided favorable support for the theory of soil carbon sink in orchards.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ine-10.1177_15910199231164840 for Association between basilar artery stenosis features, vertebral artery stenosis and perforator stroke after stenting by Rui Huang, Bo Yang, Feng Gao, Dapeng Mo, Ming Yang, Zhikai Hou, Yifan Liu, Rongrong Cui, Kaijiang Kang, Weibin Gu, Jianfeng He, Xin Lou, Zhongrong Miao and Ning Ma in Interventional Neuroradiology

The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) is a proposed space-based X-ray telescope for detecting X-ray emissions from the hot gas content in our universe. With its unprecedented spatially-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy and large field of view, the HUBS mission will be uniquely qualified to measure the physical and chemical properties of the hot gas in the interstellar medium, the circumgalactic medium, the intergalactic medium, and the intracluster medium. These measurements will be valuable for two key scientific goals of HUBS, namely to unravel the AGN and stellar feedback physics that governs the formation and evolution of galaxies, and to probe the baryon budget and multi-phase states from galactic to cosmological scales. In addition to these two goals, the HUBS mission will also help us solve some problems in the fields of galaxy clusters, AGNs, diffuse X-ray backgrounds, supernova remnants, and compact objects. This paper discusses the perspective of advancing these fields using the HUBS telescope., Comment: 52 pages, 22 figures. Accepted for publication in Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy

Additional file 2: Table S2. Mutations identified in known hearing loss genes.

Creating a taxonomy of interests is expensive and human-effort intensive: not only do we need to identify nodes and interconnect them, in order to use the taxonomy, we must also connect the nodes to relevant entities such as users, pins, and queries. Connecting to entities is challenging because of ambiguities inherent to language but also because individual interests are dynamic and evolve. Here, we offer an alternative approach that begins with bottom-up discovery of $μ$-topics called pincepts. The discovery process itself connects these $μ$-topics dynamically with relevant queries, pins, and users at high precision, automatically adapting to shifting interests. Pincepts cover all areas of user interest and automatically adjust to the specificity of user interests and are thus suitable for the creation of various kinds of taxonomies. Human experts associate taxonomy nodes with $μ$-topics (on average, 3 $μ$-topics per node), and the $μ$-topics offer a high-level data layer that allows quick definition, immediate inspection, and easy modification. Even more powerfully, $μ$-topics allow easy exploration of nearby semantic space, enabling curators to spot and fill gaps. Curators' domain knowledge is heavily leveraged and we thus don't need untrained mechanical Turks, allowing further cost reduction. These $μ$-topics thus offer a satisfactory "symbolic" stratum over which to define taxonomies. We have successfully applied this technique for very rapidly iterating on and launching the home decor and fashion styles taxonomy for style-based personalization, prominently featured at the top of Pinterest search results, at 94% precision, improving search success rate by 34.8% as well as boosting long clicks and pin saves.

Although a significant attention, the field of safety ergonomics has not yet been systematically profiled based on recent studies. To fully understand the current research status, basis, hotspots, and development trends in the field, 533 documents from the Web of Science core database were used for knowledge mapping analysis by the bibliometric method. The study found that the USA is the top country in publications, and Tehran University is the institution with the highest number of publications. Ergonomics and Applied Economics are the authoritative safety ergonomics journals. Through co-occurrence and co-citation analysis, current safety ergonomics research is focussed on healthcare, product design, and occupational health and safety. The keyword timeline view indicates that the main research paths are occupational health and safety, and patient safety research. The analysis of burst keywords shows that safety ergonomics research in management, model design, and system design areas are research frontiers in the field. Practitioner summary: This paper presents a knowledge mapping of safety ergonomics research through bibliometric analysis. The research results show the research status, research hotspots, and research frontiers in the field of safety ergonomics, which provides a direction for other scholars to quickly understand the development of this field.

Additional file 3: Fig. S1. The sample and mutation information of included FH-RCC cases. Fig. S2. Copy number variation of 19 primary-metastatic paired FHRCC cases. Fig. S3. Fish plot of each FH-RCC case. Fig. S4. CNV-based phylogenetic trees. Fig. S5. Transcriptomic features of metastatic and primary FH-RCC. Fig. S6. Exploration of TME features of metastatic lesions. Fig. S7. Methylation phenotype and heterogeneity between primary and metastatic lesions. Fig. S8. Differential methylated probes of immune related genes.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ine-10.1177_15910199231164840 for Association between basilar artery stenosis features, vertebral artery stenosis and perforator stroke after stenting by Rui Huang, Bo Yang, Feng Gao, Dapeng Mo, Ming Yang, Zhikai Hou, Yifan Liu, Rongrong Cui, Kaijiang Kang, Weibin Gu, Jianfeng He, Xin Lou, Zhongrong Miao and Ning Ma in Interventional Neuroradiology

The famous Li-Haldane conjecture relates the energy and bi-partite entanglement spectrum in many topological phases. This correspondence is usually satisfied in chiral ordered states or systems with a symmetry-protected gapless boundary. Although a lot of theoretical and numerical works have confirmed the conjecture in topological states with bulk-boundary correspondence, the cases with gapped boundary are widely unknown. Via newly developed quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) scheme, we extract the large-scale entanglement spectrum and study its relation with energy spectrum in the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) phase with a tunnable boundary on the square-octagon lattice. We find the low-lying entanglement spectrum does not always show similar behaviors as the energy spectrum on the tunnable boundary. The breakdown of the correspondence originates from the perturbation in the environment and the coupling between the subsystem and its environment. This can be understood by the wormhole effect in the path integral representation of reduced density matrix. Our study generalizes the established correspondence between gapless/gapped boundary energy spectrum and entanglement spectrum, and further demonstrates there exists a deep connection between physical and entanglement degrees of freedom in quantum many-body systems., Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures

Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline characteristics of patients with FH-deficient RCC.

The use of finite entanglement scaling with matrix product states (MPS) has become a crucial tool for studying 1+1d critical lattice theories, especially those with emergent conformal symmetry. We argue that finite entanglement introduces a relevant deformation in the critical theory. As a result, the bipartite entanglement Hamiltonian defined from the MPS can be understood as a boundary conformal field theory with a physical and an entanglement boundary. We are able to exploit the symmetry properties of the MPS to engineer the physical conformal boundary condition. The entanglement boundary, on the other hand, is related to the concrete lattice model and remains invariant under this relevant perturbation. Using critical lattice models described by the Ising, Potts, and free compact boson CFTs, we illustrate the influence of the symmetry and the relevant deformation on the conformal boundaries in the entanglement spectrum., Comment: 6+7 pages,4+7 figures

Additional file 1.

We introduce the New-ANGELS program, an XMM-Newton survey of $\sim7.2\rm~deg^2$ area around M 31, which aims to study the X-ray populations in M 31 disk and the X-ray emitting hot gas in the inner halo of M 31 up to 30 kpc. In this first paper, we report the catalogue of 4506 detected X-ray sources, and attempt to cross-identify or roughly classify them. We identify 352 single stars in the foreground, 35 globular clusters and 27 supernova remnants associated with M 31, as well as 62 AGNs, 59 galaxies, and 1 galaxy clusters in the background. We uniquely classify 236 foreground stars and 17 supersoft sources based on their X-ray colors. X-ray binaries (83 LMXBs, 1 HMXBs) are classified based on their X-ray colors and X-ray variabilities. The remaining X-ray sources either have too low S/N to calculate their X-ray colors or do not have a unique classification, so are regarded as unclassified. The X-ray source catalogue is published online. Study of the X-ray source populations and the contribution of X-ray sources in the unresolved X-ray emissions based on this catalogue will be published in companion papers., Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in APJS

Large Language Models (LLMs), with their remarkable task-handling capabilities and innovative outputs, have catalyzed significant advancements across a spectrum of fields. However, their proficiency within specialized domains such as biomolecular studies remains limited. To address this challenge, we introduce Mol-Instructions, a meticulously curated, comprehensive instruction dataset expressly designed for the biomolecular realm. Mol-Instructions is composed of three pivotal components: molecule-oriented instructions, protein-oriented instructions, and biomolecular text instructions, each curated to enhance the understanding and prediction capabilities of LLMs concerning biomolecular features and behaviors. Through extensive instruction tuning experiments on the representative LLM, we underscore the potency of Mol-Instructions to enhance the adaptability and cognitive acuity of large models within the complex sphere of biomolecular studies, thereby promoting advancements in the biomolecular research community. Mol-Instructions is made publicly accessible for future research endeavors and will be subjected to continual updates for enhanced applicability., Comment: Project homepage: https://github.com/zjunlp/Mol-Instructions

Objective Improving the gross total resection (GTR) rate of suprasellar pituitary macroadenomas (SPMAs) using the pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA) has been a long-standing focus of neurosurgeons. This study was aimed at evaluating the influences of the removal of the tuberculum sellae bone (TSB) without opening the dura of the tuberculum sellae on the GTR rate of SPMAs via the EETA. Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical reports of patients with SPMAs who underwent EETA between February 2015 and November 2020. Data on clinical manifestations, endocrinologic types, imaging features (Hardy classification, morphology, and texture), clinical outcomes, and TSB removal status were collected. All patients were followed up for 6 months postoperatively. Results Seventy-eight patients were enrolled in our study. The GTR rates of the TSB removal group (45/78, 57.7%) and nonremoval group (33/78, 42.3%) were 80.0% (36/45) and 57.6% (19/33), respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis found that the removal of TSB, rounded morphology, and low Hardy classification were correlated with higher GTR rates. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that even after adjusting for tumor types and imaging features, the removal of TSB had an independent effect on the GTR rate (odds ratio, 7.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–31.6; P = 0.005). The incidence rates of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and diabetes insipidus were not significantly different between the TSB removal group and TSB nonremoval group. Conclusions TSB removal using EETA without opening the tuberculum sellae dura improves the GTR rate of SPMAs without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications.

Collapse is a typical disaster during tunnel construction and may cause tremendous loss; therefore, risk evaluation can help minimize such damage by taking preventive measures. This paper proposes a method to analyze the risk of tunnel collapse based on multistate fuzzy Bayesian network (MFBN). The method screens the risk factors responsible for tunnel collapse by means of the fault tree analysis and establishes the corresponding Bayesian network model. Meanwhile, the triangular fuzzy number is utilized to describe the possibility of node failure. The fuzzy failure probability under each failure state is acquired through expertise. When integrating experts’ opinions, an improved similarity aggregation method is proposed; this method comprehensively gauges their judgment ability and subjective recognition degree and alleviates the influence of excessive differences in opinions. Furthermore, a multistate fuzzy conditional probability table is established by combining probability interval division and expert knowledge to describe the intensity–dependence relationship among nodes. After defuzzification, the collapse probability and critical risk factors can be determined through MFBN-based inference. In addition, the method allows for the dynamic analysis of risks in tunnel construction. Applying this method to Yanglin Tunnel, the results demonstrate the feasibility and application potential of this method, and it can provide important supporting information for risk prevention and control during construction.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient element for plant growth, and deficiency of inorganic phosphate (Pi) limits plant growth and yield. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is an important fodder crop cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. However, the mechanisms underlying efficient P use in elephant grass under Pi deficiency remain poorly understood. In this study, the physiological and molecular responses of elephant grass leaves and roots to Pi deficiency were investigated. The results showed that dry weight, total P concentration, and P content decreased in Pi-deprived plants, but that acid phosphatase activity and P utilization efficiency (PUE) were higher than in Pi-sufficient plants. Regarding Pi starvation-responsive (PSR) genes, transcriptomics showed that 59 unigenes involved in Pi acquisition and transport (especially 18 purple acid phosphatase and 27 phosphate transporter 1 unigenes) and 51 phospholipase unigenes involved in phospholipids degradation or Pi-free lipids biosynthesis, as well as 47 core unigenes involved in the synthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, were significantly up-regulated by Pi deprivation in leaves or roots. Furthermore, 43 unigenes related to Pi-independent- or inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi)-dependent bypass reactions were markedly up-regulated in Pi-deficient leaves, especially five UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and 15 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase unigenes. Consistent with PSR unigene expression changes, metabolomics revealed that Pi deficiency significantly increased metabolites of Pi-free lipids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids in leaves and roots, but decreased phospholipid metabolites. This study reveals the mechanisms underlying the responses to Pi starvation in elephant grass leaves and roots, which provides candidate unigenes involved in efficient P use and theoretical references for the development of P-efficient elephant grass varieties.

Productivity decline of Casuarina equisetifolia plantation and difficulty in natural regeneration remains a serious problem because of allelopathy. Previous studies have confirmed that 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) are the major allelochemicals of the C. equisetifolia litter exudates. The production of these allelochemicals may derive from decomposition of litter or from the litter endophyte and microorganisms adhering to litter surfaces. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between allelochemicals in litter and endophytic and epiphytic fungi and bacteria from litter. A total of 100 fungi and 116 bacteria were isolated from the interior and surface of litter of different forest ages (young, half-mature, and mature plantation). Results showed that the fermentation broth of fungal genera Mycosphaerella sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp., and bacterial genera Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, and Pantoea ananatis had the strongest allelopathic effect on C. equisetifolia seeds. Allelochemicals, such as 2,4-DTBP and its analogs were identified in the fermentation broths of these microorganisms using GC/MS analysis. These results indicate that endophytic and epiphytic fungi and bacteria in litters are involved in the synthesis of allelochemicals of C. equisetifolia. To further determine the abundance of the allelopathic fungi and bacteria, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was performed. The results showed that bacterial genera with strong allelopathic potential were mainly distributed in the young and half-mature plantation with low abundance, while the abundance of fungal genera Mycosphaerella sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp. were higher in the young and mature plantations. In particular, the abundance of Mycosphaerella sp. in the young and mature plantations were 501.20% and 192.63% higher than in the half-mature plantation, respectively. Overall, our study demonstrates that the litter fungi with higher abundance in the young and mature plantation were involved in the synthesis of the allelochemical 2,4-DTBP of C. equisetifolia. This finding may be important for understanding the relationship between autotoxicity and microorganism and clarifying the natural regeneration problem of C. equisetifolia.

Background Spinal schwannomas that arise from spinal nerve root sheaths are the most common intradural extramedullary spinal tumours and are often accompanied by nerve roots or spinal cord irritation symptoms. The phenomenon of spinal schwannoma causing subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is rare, with ependymoma of the conus medullaris accounting for most cases. Case report A 45-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to progressive lower limb weakness and sudden back pain after hard physical work. The patient had not been able to walk for 2 hours upon admission. An emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed that the spinal cord at the C6-T4 level was severely compressed by a subdural mass. During the emergency operation, exploration of the dura and arachnoid mater revealed a fresh blood clot covering a tumour located on the ventral side of the spinal cord. The size of the tumour was approximately 3 × 2 × 1 cm without adhesion to the surrounding tissue, but the drainage vein was ruptured. Postoperative pathology showed that the tumour was a schwannoma with areas of fresh haemorrhage and focal necrosis. Conclusions Spinal schwannomas presenting with SAH are rare events. In our opinion, spinal pathology with rapid progression of neurological symptoms requires early diagnosis and emergency management. Complete excision of haemorrhagic tumours is the goal of treatment to prevent recurrence, which can effectively avoid irreversible damage to the spinal cord resulting from spinal cord compression.

The 3D Focused Ion Beam - Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) technique has been used to study the ceramic microstructures with the accuracy of tens of nanometers. There are several reports about the 3D reconstruction about the Ni-YSZ electrode in SOFC or SOEC mode (1-3). In this work, samples taken from full size, 10×10 cm2, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) single cells were reconstructed with the FIB-SEM tomography. Three samples were chosen from the same production batch, including a cell without reduction, a cell with 5 hours reduction and a cell with 100 hours test with humidified hydrogen, respectively. Figure 1 shows the SEM micrograph and reconstructed anode for the cell after 100 hours test. Different from the button cells, the full size anode-supported SOFC need a strong support layer and a smaller porosity is also acceptable. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was used to simulate the physical processed in the reconstructed porous electrode. The 3D microstructure was remeshed to cubic voxels for numerical analysis. The triple-phase-boundary length was automatically identified and the parameters in the exchange current density equation were fitted to the polarization curves. Detailed results will be submitted in the full length draft. References 1. Z. Jiao, N. Shikazono, and N. Kasagi, J. Electrochem. Soc., 159 (3), B285 (2012). 2. M. Trini, P.S. Jørgensen, A. Hauch, J.J. Bentzen, P.V. Hendriksen, M. Chen, 3D microstructural characterization of Ni/YSZ electrodes exposed to 1 Year of electrolysis testing, J. Electrochem. Soc., 166 (2), F1 (2019). 3. M. Trini, A. Hauch, S. De Angelis, X. Tong, P. Vang Hendriksen, and M. Chen, J. Power Sorces, 450, 227599 (2020). 4. D. Kanno, N. Shikazono, N. Takagi, K. Matsuzaki, and N. Kasagi, Electrochimi. Acta, 56, 4015, 2011. Figure 1

Mangroves have high ecological service value and play an important role in achieving carbon neutrality. However, the ecological services provided by mangroves are gradually declining due to the threat of various pollutants, especially heavy metal (HM) pollution. Researching the status and history of heavy metals (HMs) in mangrove sediments improves understanding of how mangroves can be protected. We studied the Zhanjiang Bay mangroves, which is an important part of the Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve, and is greatly affected by human activities, as an example. We analyzed the pollution levels and deposition process of HMs and their influencing factors. In the mangrove surface sediments of Zhanjiang Bay, Pb, Cr, and Co were slightly to moderate enriched and Cu was moderate-heavy enriched. Zn and Hg showed moderate-heavy enrichment and heavy enrichment, respectively. Cu, Zn, Hg, and Co were 1.5, 1.88, 2.66, and 1.27 times the local background, respectively. Cu, Zn, and Hg mainly originated from anthropogenic sources, and Co may have derived from natural sources. The HM data of mangrove sedimentary cores in Zhanjiang Bay were obtained for the first time; high HM content appeared in the deep layer of the cores but not in the mangrove surface sediments. Both cores were well documented for the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on the deposition process of HMs. Among them, the high enrichment of Hg in 1909–1921 may be closely related to human activities rather than natural formation. Before 1954, dense mangroves favored the accumulation and gradual increase of HMs. The intense human activity in 1945–1963 during the period of economic construction and reclamation of the Nansan Island Engineering led to significant increases in Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Co, which reached their highest values in more than one hundred years. After 1963, anthropic factors such as deforestation and conversion to aquaculture sharply reduced mangrove area. Reclamation engineering enhanced tidal erosion. Natural factors such as precipitation, storm surge, sea-level rise, and high tides have accelerated the erosion and dilution of mangrove sediments in Zhanjiang Bay. These factors have led to the gradual reduction of HM content in sedimentary cores.

Researchers and practitioners have studied the application of digital games in the context of learning for more than two decades and within a wide range of disciplines. Among these, digital game-based language learning (DGBLL) has attracted substantial attention. Along with the growing number of empirical research publications on DGBLL, an increasing number of literature reviews has begun to emerge. Indeed, a recent literature search across multiple databases identified 16 reviews published in the past ten years, suggesting an increasing trend. With so many reviews, researchers may conclude that this research area is becoming saturated. However, a research gap is apparent in that most reviews ignore the theoretical groundings that guide and inform DGBLL interventions. Responding to this research gap, the current study performed a systematic literature review of prior empirical studies published between 2011 and 2020 within the frame of DGBLL. The purpose of this study was to explore how theories have informed the design and implementation of DGBLL. Findings are presented along the dimensions of (1) theories referenced by researchers and emergent trends, and (2) roles that theory plays in DGBLL. Implications for future research are suggested based on the findings.

Highly ordered perovskite nanowire (PNW) arrays are important building blocks for potential application in integrated optoelectronic devices due to their unique properties. Herein, a recordable digital versatile disk-assisted nanochannel-confined growth (NCG) strategy was developed for large-scale growth of different kinds of PNW arrays with preferentially crystallographic orientation on various substrates. Photodetector constructed from MAPbI3 NW arrays exhibits prominent photoresponse properties with a responsivity of 20.56 A W−1 and specific detectivity of 4.73 × 1012 Jones, respectively. What is more, the photodetector can function as a polarization-sensitive photodetector due to the crystallographic orientation of the one-dimensional PNW arrays, with a polarization ratio of 2.2. The proposed NCG strategy provides a cost-efficient and effective method for the fabrication of high-quality PNW arrays with potential applications in future integrated devices and systems.

How the ocean circulation changes in a warming climate is an important but poorly understood problem. Using a global ocean model, we decompose the problem into distinct responses to changes in sea surface temperature, salinity, and wind. Our results show that the surface warming effect, a robust feature of anthropogenic climate change, dominates and accelerates the upper ocean currents in 77% of the global ocean. Specifically, the increased vertical stratification intensifies the upper subtropical gyres and equatorial currents by shoaling these systems, while the differential warming between the Southern Ocean upwelling zone and the region to the north accelerates surface zonal currents in the Southern Ocean. In comparison, the wind stress and surface salinity changes affect regional current systems. Our study points a way forward for investigating ocean circulation change and evaluating the uncertainty.

Platinum telluride (PtTe2) has garnered significant research enthusiasm owing to its unique characteristics. However, large-scale synthesis of PtTe2 toward potential photoelectric and photovoltaic application has not been explored yet. Herein, we report direct tellurization of Pt nanofilms to synthesize large-area PtTe2 films and the influence of growth conditions on the morphology of PtTe2. Electrical analysis reveals that the as-grown PtTe2 films exhibit typical semimetallic behavior, which is in agreement with the results of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) simulation. Moreover, the combination of multilayered PtTe2 and Si results in the formation of a PtTe2/Si heterojunction, exhibiting an obvious rectifying effect. Moreover, the PtTe2-based photodetector displays a broadband photoresponse to incident radiation in the range of 200-1650 nm, with the maximum photoresponse at a wavelength of ∼980 nm. The R and D* of the PtTe2-based photodetector are found to be 0.406 A W-1 and 3.62 × 1012 Jones, respectively. In addition, the external quantum efficiency is as high as 32.1%. On the other hand, the response time of τrise and τfall is estimated to be 7.51 and 36.7 μs, respectively. Finally, an image sensor composed of a 8 × 8 PtTe2-based photodetector array was fabricated, which can record five near-infrared (NIR) images under 980 nm with a satisfying resolution. The result demonstrates that the as-prepared PtTe2 material will be useful for application in NIR optoelectronics.

Acute diarrhea has a serious impact on the health and lives of children. Previous studies have shown that probiotics have positive and reliable efficacy in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children, but the efficacy of different types of probiotics varies. This study will evaluate the clinical efficacy of different kinds of probiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children by means of network meta-analysis.According to the retrieval strategy, randomized controlled studies on probiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children will be searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNQI, Wanfang, VIP, and Chinese biomedical databases. The retrieval time limit will be from the establishment of the database to January 2022. The quality level of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk Bias Assessment Tool and the strength of evidence for outcome measures will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. All data analysis will be performed by Revman5.3, Gemtc 0.14.3 and Stata 14.0.This study will evaluate the efficacy of different kinds of probiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children by evaluating diarrhea duration, stool frequency, length of hospital stay, adverse reactions, etc.This study will provide a reliable evidence-based basis for the selection of probiotics for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children.Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval will not be required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/MNJAE.

Key to five similar genera of Mesoleiini 1. Latero-median carina of first tergite present, relatively strong, reaching beyond spiracle; dorso-lateral carina complete. Lower tooth of mandible longer than upper tooth. Areolet small, with petiole........................ Otlophorus F��rster, 1869 -. Latero-median carina of first tergite absent or indistinct; dorso-lateral carina absent or incomplete. Lower tooth of mandible shorter than or same length as upper tooth. Areolet absent, if present, then relatively large............................ 2 2. First tergite rather slender, at least 1.7 �� as long as posterior width. Clypeus convex medially or subapically. Lower tooth of mandible same length as upper tooth. Notaulus distinct...................................... Alexeter F��rster, 1869 -. First tergite relatively stout. Clypeus slightly convex or convex apically. Lower tooth of mandible distinctly longer or shorter than upper tooth. Notaulus absent or indistinct.............................................................. 3 3. Lower tooth of mandible shorter than upper tooth. Areolet absent.......................... Neostroblia Heinrich, 1953 -. Lower tooth of mandible distinctly longer than upper tooth. Areolet present....................................... 4 4. Dorso-lateral carina of first tergite distinctly present. Clypeus rather wide, strongly convex apically..................................................................................................... Alcochera F��rster, 1869 -. Dorso-lateral carina of first tergite, at least basal portion before spiracle, absent. Clypeus moderately wide, convex or flat, apical portion impressed............................................................ Dentimachus Heinrich, 1949, Published as part of Sheng, Mao-Ling, Watanabe, Kyohei & Huang, Rui-Fen, 2022, First Oriental record of genus Neostroblia Heinrich (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with description of one new species, pp. 274-280 in Zootaxa 5115 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6352454, {"references":["Heinrich, G. H. (1953) Deutung einiger Typen Strobls und Arten seiner Sammlung (Hymenoptera). Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 38, 206 - 211."]}

Sheng, Mao-Ling, Watanabe, Kyohei, Huang, Rui-Fen (2022): First Oriental record of genus Neostroblia Heinrich (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with description of one new species. Zootaxa 5115 (2): 274-280, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5115.2.6

Key to world species of Neostroblia Heinrich 1. Lateromedian carinae of propodeum (Fig. 8) indistinct; transverse carinae absent. Mesosoma and metasoma entirely black. Legs entirely black except tibiae with wide basal white bands.................... N. melana Sheng & Watanabe sp. nov. -. Lateromedian carinae of propodeum at least present partly; transverse carinae at least partly present. Mesosoma and metasoma partly red or reddish brown. Legs with different coloration..................................................... 2 2. Body entirely rufous. Wings dusky hyaline. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a far distal to M&RS.... ��� N. incessans (Davis, 1897) -. Mesosoma mainly black, anterior and posterior portions of metasoma black. Wings distinctly hyaline. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a almost opposite or slightly distal to M&RS. ���............................................................ 3 3. Area superomedia separated from area petiolaris by carina. Posterior margin of tergite 1 widened. Tergites (5) 6���7 black. Posterior margins of tergites 6���7 white............................................... N. ruficollis (Holmgren, 1857) -. Area superomedia and area petiolaris confluent. Posterior margin of tergite 1 narrowed. Tergites 4 and subsequent tergites reddish brown with darkish spots laterally. Posterior margins of tergites 6���7 not white........ N. pseudoliturata (Strobl, 1903), Published as part of Sheng, Mao-Ling, Watanabe, Kyohei & Huang, Rui-Fen, 2022, First Oriental record of genus Neostroblia Heinrich (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with description of one new species, pp. 274-280 in Zootaxa 5115 (2) on page 275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6352454, {"references":["Davis, G. C. (1897) A review of the Ichneumonid subfamily Tryphoninae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 24, 193 - 348.","Strobl, G. (1903) Ichneumoniden Steiermarks (und der Nachbarlander). Mitteilungen Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fur Steiermark, Graz, 39, 3 - 100."]}

Neostroblia melana Sheng & Watanabe, sp. nov. Figs 1���12 Material examined. Holotype: CHINA ��� ♀; Guizhou Province, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan National Natural Reserve, Yapanlin; 1250m; 21 July 2019; interception trap; GSFGPM. Paratypes: CHINA ��� 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; Guizhou Province, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Yapanlin; 1250m; 21 July to 17 October 2019; interception trap; GSFGPM. Diagnosis. Face (Fig. 2) approximately 1.7 �� as wide as long. Malar space about 0.8 �� as long as basal width of mandible. Distance between 2rs-m and 2m-cu 0.9 �� as long as 2rs-m. Propodeum (Fig. 8) evenly convex, rough; lateromedian carina indistinct; apical portion of lateral longitudinal carina and pleural carina present. First tergite (Figs 9, 10) approximately 2.1 �� as long as posterior width. Body (Fig. 1) almost entirely black. Description. Female. Body (Fig. 1) length 14.6���15.1 mm. Fore wing length 9.6���10.8 mm. Ovipositor sheath length 0.6���0.7 mm. Head. Inner orbits almost parallel, slightly concave near antennal sockets. Face (Fig. 2) approximately 1.7 �� as wide as long, with dense indistinct punctures, slightly convex medially; upper margin indistinct. Clypeus shiny, approximately 2.2 �� as wide as long; subbase transversely convex, with sparse fine indistinct punctures; apical margin evenly convex forward, slightly concave medially. Basal portion of mandible with dense punctures and yellowish brown setae; teeth smooth, upper tooth distinctly longer than lower tooth. Malar space shagreened, with dense brown setae, about 0.8 �� as long as basal width of mandible. Gena finely shagreened, evenly convergent backward, with dense dark brown setae and almost even punctures, distance between punctures 0.5���2.0 �� diameter of puncture. Vertex (Fig. 3) with texture as that of gena; posterior median portion slightly concave. Postocellar line approximately 0.8 �� as long as ocular-ocellar line. Frons slightly evenly concave, indistinctly roughly reticulate. Antenna with 51���52 flagellomeres; ratio of length from first to fifth flagellomeres approximately: 3.0:1.2:1.2:1.1:1.0. Occipital carina complete, upper median portion slightly raised, lower end joining hypostomal carina distinctly above base of mandible. Mesosoma. Pronotum (Fig. 4) mostly rough, indistinctly punctate; anterior margin with dense fine punctures and yellowish brown setae; upper median portion of lateral concavity with indistinct short transverse wrinkles. Mesoscutum (Fig. 5) with distinct punctures, distance between punctures 0.2���2.5 �� diameter of puncture; denser on median portion, distance between punctures 0.2���0.5 �� diameter of puncture. Notauli weak, almost parallel. Scutoscutellar groove almost smooth, shiny. Scutellum slightly convex, with distinct punctures, distance between punctures 0.2���1.0 �� diameter of puncture. Postscutellum with indistinct shallow punctures, anterior margin transversely concave. Mesopleuron (Fig. 4) almost flat, with surface as pronotum; upper anterior portion beneath subtegular ridge with short longitudinal wrinkles; subanterior median portion with distinct punctures; speculum smooth, partly with sparse punctures. Upper end of epicnemial carina approximately reaching 0.4 distance to subtegular ridge. Metapleuron with texture as mesopleuron; lower posterior portion with short indistinct wrinkles; submetapleural carina complete, anterior portion strong. Claw simple. Ratio of length of hind tarsomeres (Fig. 6) from first to fifth approximately: 5.9:2.5:1.8:1.0:1.8. Wings (Fig. 7) slightly brown, hyaline. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a distal to M&RS by approximately 0.7 �� length of 1cu-a. Distance between 2rs-m and 2m-cu 0.9 �� as long as 2rs-m. Postnervulus intercepted slightly below middle. Hind wing vein 1-cu about as long as cu-a. Propodeum (Fig. 8) evenly convex, rough, lateral portion with dense gray setae; lateromedian carina absent; apical portion of lateral longitudinal carina and pleural carina present; anterolateral portion distinctly punctate; apical median portion with irregular transverse wrinkles. Propodeal spiracle short oblique elliptical. Metasoma. First tergite (Figs 9, 10) approximately 2.1 �� as long as posterior width, strongly and evenly narrowed to base; latero-median and dorso-lateral carinae absent; shagreened, with fine indistinct punctures, base smooth, shiny; spiracle small, circular, convex, located approximately at middle of first tergite. Second and third tergites distinctly shagreened, with dense short gray brown setae. Second tergite (Fig. 11) approximately 0.8 �� as long as posterior width. Third and subsequent tergites almost shiny. Ovipositor sheath (Fig. 12) approximately 3.6 �� as long as its width, lateral sides almost parallel. Ovipositor (Fig. 12) compressed, with subapical dorsal notch. Coloration (Fig. 1). Black, except for following: flagellomeres (9)10 to 12(13), dorsal profile of fore tibia, basal half of middle tibia, ventral profiles of middle tarsomeres 3���4, basal 0.3���0.5 of hind tibia, ventral profiles of hind tarsomeres 3���4 yellowish white. Clypeus irregularly and median portion of mandible, darkish red-brown. Anterior profile and apical portion of fore femur yellowish to reddish brown, ventral profile of tibia yellow brown, tarsus dark brown. Tegula black, anterior portion white. Pterostigma and wing veins brown to blackish brown. Apical portion of ovipositor sheath yellowish white. Male. Body length 11.5���12.1 mm. Fore wing length 9.0��� 9.7 mm. Antenna with 47���48 flagellomeres. Black, except for following: face, clypeus except apical margin darkish brown, mandible except tooth, flagellomeres (9)10 to 13(14), upper-posterior corner of pronotum, tegula yellowish white. Anterior profile of fore femur yellowish to reddish brown; tarsomeres 1���2, 4 mainly darkish brown. Apical half of middle tibia, base of middle tarsomere 1, middle and hind tarsomeres (2) 3���4 mostly, basal portion of hind tibia yellow white. Pterostigma and wing veins darkish brown. Remainder of characteristic similar to female. Etymology. The specific name is derived from body being entirely black. Differential diagnosis. The new species can be easily distinguished from other species of Neostroblia by the following combination of characters: lateromedian carinae of propodeum indistinct; first tergite (Figs 9, 10) 2.1 �� as long as posterior width; body almost entirely black; coxae, trochanters and femora black; tibiae black, basal portions white widely., Published as part of Sheng, Mao-Ling, Watanabe, Kyohei & Huang, Rui-Fen, 2022, First Oriental record of genus Neostroblia Heinrich (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with description of one new species, pp. 274-280 in Zootaxa 5115 (2) on pages 275-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6352454

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221102791 for Tenofovir is superior to entecavir in reducing HCC for patients with HBV-related compensated cirrhosis at high HCC risk scores by Yan Huang, Lichang Chen, Rui Huang, Chuanwu Zhu, Jia Shang, Yunsong Qian, Jianqi Lian, Longgen Liu, Jianning Jiang, Chenghai Liu, Honglian Gui and Qing Xie in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease