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In this paper, a comprehensive method to evaluate the reliability of turbine runner blades under complex conditions has been proposed. The method takes into consideration the flow excitation parameters acting on the blades under different conditions, which present different uncertain information characteristics. The structural performance function of both vibration failure and fatigue failure of runner blades has been established, according to their vibration and fatigue characteristics. A probabilistic reliability model of the multi-failure modes of runner blades under their rated conditions has been established through application of random reliability theory, and a probabilistic non-probabilistic reliability model of the multi-failure modes of runner blades under non-rated conditions has been established by applying random reliability theory and non-probabilistic reliability theory, based on the structural performance function of both vibration failure and fatigue failure, taking into consideration the uncertain information characteristics of the flow excitation parameters that act on the runner blades under different conditions. On the basis of the two reliability models, a comprehensive model to evaluate the reliability of runner blades under complex conditions has been constructed. The reliability of the turbine runner blades under complex conditions has been analyzed through the use of examples, and the accuracy of the models has been proved using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS).

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X211066229. for Degradation of refractory organic matter in the effluent from a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter-treated landfill leachate by a nano-Fe3O4 enhanced ozonation process by Yuyu Huang in Waste Management & Research

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X211066229. for Degradation of refractory organic matter in the effluent from a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter-treated landfill leachate by a nano-Fe3O4 enhanced ozonation process by Yuyu Huang in Waste Management & Research

The fruit flies Bactrocera tau (Walker) and B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) are economically important invasive pests on numerous vegetable and fruit species in China. Due to the instability of the early spring climate, temperatures often deviate far below the normal temperature for short periods of time. Such a sudden short-term low temperature may impact the reproduction and development of the two fruit fly species. In this study, the effects of low temperatures (8, 6, 4, 2, 0, −2, and −4°С) on the development and reproduction of these two closely related fruit fly species were studied under laboratory condition. The results showed that their survival rates decreased gradually with corresponding decreases in the tested temperatures. On the other hand, their pre-oviposition periods and their adult female to male sex ratios increased, while the average number of eggs per female of each species and longevity of male adult of B. cucurbitae initially increased and later decreased after exposure to the low-temperature treatments. Overall, low temperatures promoted reproduction in B. cucurbitae and B. tau at temperatures ranging from 24°С to as low as 8°С. Development and reproduction of the two species were negatively affected when temperatures were between 8 to −4°С. The cold resistance of each developmental stage was higher in B. tau than in corresponding stages of B. cucurbitae.

Huang Y, Yu H, Liang M, et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021;15:3443–3450. The authors have advised the captions for Figures 4–6 on pages 3447-3449, respectively were published in the wrong order. The correct captions are as follows. Figure 4 The effects of DXM, Ara-C and NAD+ on hair cells: (A) Positive control group (B) DXM group (C) Ara-C group (D) DXM+Ara-C group (E) NAD+ group. No significant difference was detected in OHC or IHC number among groups. Hair cells are stained with phalloidin (red). Figure 5 The effects of DXM, Ara-C and NAD+ on stria vascularis: (A) Positive control group (B) DXM group (C) Ara-C group (D) DXM+Ara-C group (E) NAD+ group. No significant difference was observed among groups. Stria vascularis are stained with phalloidin (red) and DAPI (blue). Figure 6 Effects of DXM, Ara-C, NAD+ on the survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs): (A) Positive control group (B) DXM group (C) Ara-C group (D) DXM+Ara-C group (E) NAD+ group (F) Average of the SGN density in each cochlear region after 90 days of different groups. There was a significantly greater density of SGNs in DXM and/or Ara-C group compared to the control, but no significant difference was detected between NAD+ group and control group. SGNs are stained with a neuronal marker (NF200: green) and a nucleus marker (DAPI: blue). (**p < 0.01). The authors apologize for this oversight and advise it does not affect the results of the paper. Read the original article

Bactrocera tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an economically important invasive pest, that is capable of seriously reducing the quality and yield of vegetables and fruits, it was first recorded from Fujian province in 1849 and later introduced to Yunnan province in 1912 as a result in trade fruits and vegetables of China. In recent years, with the onset of global climate change and the accompanying increase in the greenhouse effect, elevated climatic temperatures have become one of the main environmental factors affecting growth and reproduction in insects, and the optimal developmental temperature of B. tau was found to be from 25 °C to 31 °C, the growth, development and reproduction of B. tau are normal under the optimal temperature conditions. In order to determine the repercussions that elevated temperature have on B. tau, we assessed the effects that short-term (12 h) high-temperature exposures (34 °C, 36 °C, 38 °C, 40 °C, 42 °C, 44 °C, 46 °C, and 48 °C) had on the growth, development and reproduction of B. tau at different developmental stages of the fly. The results showed that the survival rate of B. tau gradually decreased in all stages following exposure to short-term high-temperatures. The pupal stage was the least sensitive to increased temperatures. The pupae withstood the highest lethal temperature, having an LT50 of 42.060 °C, followed by female adults (40.447 °C), male adults (40.013 °C), and larvae (36.740 °C). The egg stage, which was the most susceptible to heat increases, had the lowest LT50 (38.310 °C). No significant effects were observed in the developmental stages of B. tau at temperatures from 24 °C to 38 °C. The development duration was significantly prolonged at 40 °C (P P B. tau was unable to survive at temperatures above 42 °C. The pre-oviposition of female adults was extended, the average egg number per female showed a downward trend, the longevity of adults gradually shortened, and the ratio of female to male offspring increased as temperature increments were increased. In summary, short-term high-temperatures over 42 °C were not suitable for successful development of B. tau, while short-term high-temperatures over 40 °C were not suitable for successful reproduction in B. tau.