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本研究旨在探究保護事件兒少行為人（含「未成年家暴相對人」及「未成年性侵害行為人」的成因，以及這些未成年兒少的服務需求與處遇服務之限制和因應。為達此研究目的，本研究採取焦點團體訪談法針對4位兒少保護性社工及督導進行質性資料的蒐集與分析。研究發現，兒少會成為保護事件行為人的原因實與家庭因素和發展議題息息相關，這類兒少的服務需求至少包括：情緒創傷修復、協助學習親子衝突因應以及理解兒少對性的好奇與需求。基於這些服務需求，保護事件兒少行為人的處遇服務應該要考量將家長或照顧者一起納入服務、善用團體工作、以兒少需求為核心、實務工作者專業知能提升及相關兒少服務資源整合等要素。本研究最後依研究結果提出幾點建議，以供相關政策規劃與實務工作之參考。 The research aims to explore the reasons why children become the juvenile domestic violence and sexual offender, as well as discover these children’s service needs and the limitation and responses of intervention services. For the purposes, by adopting qualitative approach, 4 child and youth protection social workers’ opinions were collected from a focus group. It is found that the reasons why juveniles become domestic violence and sexual offenders are closely related to the poor family function and adolescent development issues. These juveniles’ needs for the social services thus should include: healing emotional trauma, helping the juveniles and their parents to learn how to cope with conflicts, and understanding the juvenile s’ sex curiosity and intimate relationship needs. Based on these service needs, it is necessary to involve the parents or juveniles’ family caregivers in the service, make good use of group work, focus on the juveniles’ needs, enhance the professional ability of practical workers and integrate the relative service resources when planning the intervention services for the juvenile domestic violence and sexual offender. Based on these findings, the research puts forward several suggestions for reference of related policies and practical works. &nbsp

Multivariate time series forecasting with hierarchical structure is widely used in real-world applications, e.g., sales predictions for the geographical hierarchy formed by cities, states, and countries. The hierarchical time series (HTS) forecasting includes two sub-tasks, i.e., forecasting and reconciliation. In the previous works, hierarchical information is only integrated in the reconciliation step to maintain coherency, but not in forecasting step for accuracy improvement. In this paper, we propose two novel tree-based feature integration mechanisms, i.e., top-down convolution and bottom-up attention to leverage the information of the hierarchical structure to improve the forecasting performance. Moreover, unlike most previous reconciliation methods which either rely on strong assumptions or focus on coherent constraints only,we utilize deep neural optimization networks, which not only achieve coherency without any assumptions, but also allow more flexible and realistic constraints to achieve task-based targets, e.g., lower under-estimation penalty and meaningful decision-making loss to facilitate the subsequent downstream tasks. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our tree-based feature integration mechanism achieves superior performances on hierarchical forecasting tasks compared to the state-of-the-art methods, and our neural optimization networks can be applied to real-world tasks effectively without any additional effort under coherence and task-based constraints

State space model (SSM) provides a general and flexible forecasting framework for time series. Conventional SSM with fixed-order Markovian assumption often falls short in handling the long-range temporal dependencies and/or highly non-linear correlation in time-series data, which is crucial for accurate forecasting. To this extend, we present External Memory Augmented State Space Model (EMSSM) within the sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) framework. Unlike the common fixed-order Markovian SSM, our model features an external memory system, in which we store informative latent state experience, whereby to create ``memoryful" latent dynamics modeling complex long-term dependencies. Moreover, conditional normalizing flows are incorporated in our emission model, enabling the adaptation to a broad class of underlying data distributions. We further propose a Monte Carlo Objective that employs an efficient variational proposal distribution, which fuses the filtering and the dynamic prior information, to approximate the posterior state with proper particles. Our results demonstrate the competitiveness of forecasting performance of our proposed model comparing with other state-of-the-art SSMs.

Three experiments were carried out in the present study to investigate whether dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) was involved in regulating phosphorus (P) metabolic utilization in primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks. Experiment 1 was conducted to select the optimal osteogenic inductive culture medium and the optimal induction time in primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks. In experiment 2, the siRNAs against DMP1 were designed, synthesized and transfected into primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks, and then the inhibitory efficiencies of siRNAs against DMP1 were determined, and the most efficacious siRNA was selected to be used for the DMP1 silencing. In experiment 3, with or without siRNA against DMP1, primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks were treated with the medium supplemented with 0.0, 1.0 or 2.0 mmol/L of P as NaH2PO4 for 12 days. The P metabolic utilization-related parameters were measured. The results showed that the osteogenic induced medium 2 and 12 days of the optimal induction time were selected; Among the designed siRNAs, the si340 was the most effective (P < 0.05) in inhibiting the DMP1 expression; DMP1 silencing decreased (P < 0.05) the expressions of DMP1 mRNA and protein, P retention rate, mineralization formation, alkaline phosphatase activity and bone gla-protein content in tibial osteoblasts at all of added P levels. It is concluded that DMP1 silencing inhibited P utilization, and thus DMP1 was involved in regulating P metabolic utilization in primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks, which provides a novel insight into the regulation of the P utilization in the bone of broilers, and will contribute to develop feasible strategies to improve the bone P utilization efficiency of broilers so as to decrease its excretion.

Proliferation is one of the significant hallmarks of gallbladder cancer, which is a relatively rare but fatal malignance. Aim of this study was to examine the biological impact and molecular mechanism of the candidate hub-gene on the proliferation and tumorigenesis of gallbladder cancer. We analyzed the differentially expressed genes and the correlation between these genes with MKI67, and showed that KIF11 is one of the major upregulated regulators of proliferation in gallbladder cancer (GBC). The Gene Ontology, Gene Sets Enrichment Analysis and KEGG Pathway analysis indicated that KIF11 may promote GBC cell proliferation through the ERBB2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assay demonstrated that KIF11 regulated GBC cell cycle and cancer cell proliferation in vitro. GBC cells exhibited G2M phase cell cycle arrest, cell proliferation and clone formation ability reduction after treatment with Monastrol, a specific inhibitor of KIF11. Xenograft model showed that KIF11 promotes GBC growth in vivo. Rescue experiments showed that KIF11-induced GBC cell proliferation dependented on ERBB2/PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, we found that H3K27ac signals are enriched among the promoter region of KIF11 in the UCSC Genome Browser Database. Differentially expressed analysis showed that EP300, a major histone acetyltransferase modifying H3K27ac signal, is highly expressed in gallbladder cancer and correlation analysis illustrated that EP300 is positively related with KIF11 in almost all the cancer types. We further found that KIF11 was significantly downregulated in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner after histone acetylation inhibitor treatment. The present results highlight that high KIF11 expression promotes GBC cell proliferation through the ERBB2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The findings may help deepen our understanding of mechanism underlying GBC cancer development and development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic target.

The use of fluorescence-based bacterial sensors requires the tethering of live bacterial sensors to a materials platform while preserving the biological activity of the cells. Herein, we present a proof of concept for designing a bacterial cellulose (BC)-based bacterial sensor platform via a CBM2a-assisted cell adhesion strategy. By placing CBM2a on the cell surface, efficient and specific immobilization of recombinant E. coli to the BC matrix, without any substrate modification, was achieved. Compared with a BC carrier loaded with pristine E. coli cells, cells with surface-exposed CBM2a bind tightly to BC carriers even after 60 h of incubation under external shear forces. Evaluation of the biosensing performance of the BC-based biosensor platform using a constructed L-arabinose inducible biosensor model showed that the CBM2a-assisted BC-based biosensor platform sensitively detects arabinose in either aqueous solution or mixed with soil, resulting in distinguishable fluorescence output of the BC carriers. These results prove that a surface-exposed CBM2a approach is a convenient and effective way of enhancing cell affinity for a BC matrix, and also demonstrate the potential of using CBM2a as an affinity tag in designing a cellulose-based biosensing platform.

Background In this retrospective study we analyzed a consecutive series of patients affected by isolated radial head Mason III fractures and treated with an on-table reconstruction technique combined with miniplate internal fixation or prosthesis. Methods This study included 42 patients affected by isolated radial head Mason III fractures and treated between Jan 2012 and Jan 2019. Twenty-four patients (average age 45.6 years) were treated with an on-table reconstruction technique combined with miniplate internal fixation. The remaining 18 (average age 44.5 years) were treated with prosthesis. From a clinical point of view, we evaluated the patients according to the Broberg–Morrey scoring system and the (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) DASH questionnaire for parameters. Results We found similar results in both the groups according to Broberg–Morrey score system and the DASH questionnaire at the last follow-up. The scores of the prosthesis group were better than those of the internal fixation group at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month follow-up post-operation. Conclusion Both the on-table reconstruction technique combined with the miniplate internal fixation and prosthesis can be effective in treating patients with isolated Mason III radial head fractures. There was no difference in elbow function between the two groups at the last follow-up; however, a prosthesis favors early functional recovery of the elbow.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Log2 fold change and the function of the genes which were significantly up-regulated in the unirradiated tumors treated with NBTXR3+XRT+PLT vs. NBTXR3+XRT+αPD1.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Log2 fold change and the function of the genes which were significantly up-regulated in the unirradiated tumors treated with NBTXR3+XRT+PLT vs. NBTXR3+XRT+αPD1.

Additional file 1. STROBE Checklist.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Log2 fold change in the expression of TIGIT and LAG3 in tumors treated with NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1. The 344SQR cells (5 × 104) were subcutaneously injected into the right legs of the 129/SvEv syngeneic female mice (n = 4, 8–12 weeks old) on day 0 to establish the “primary” tumor and into the left legs on day 4 to establish the “secondary” tumor. The primary tumors were intratumorally injected with NBTXR3 on day 7, followed by three fractions of 12 Gy radiation on days 8, 9, and 10. αPD1 (200 µg) was intraperitoneally injected into the mice on days 5, 8, 11, and 14. The expression of LAG3 and TIGIT in the irradiated and unirradiated tumors harvested on day 21 were measured by Nanostring. The mice inoculated with both primary and secondary tumors but did not receive any treatment served as control. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Figure S2. Individual tumor growth curves in mice receiving treatment as indicated in Fig. 1.Figure S3. Blockade of LAG3 and TIGIT with the combination of NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1 reduces the number of lung metastases. The mice (n = 5) were treated with various combination therapies, as illustrated in Fig. 1, and were euthanized on day 21. The lungs were harvested and stored in Bouin’s fixative solution for three days, after which metastatic nodules were counted. The number of lung metastases was compared by t-test and were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, NS, not significant. Figure S4. Body weight of mice (n = 5) treated with combination therapy of NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1 + αLAG3 + αTIGIT as shown ing Fig. 1A. Figure S5. Dual blockade of TIGIT and LAG3 promotes proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. (A) Representative flow cytometry images of Ki67+CD4+ and Ki67+CD8+ T in primary tumors. (B) Representative flow cytometry images of Ki67+CD4+ and Ki67+CD8+ T cells in secondary tumors. (C) Representative flow cytometry images of Ki67+CD4+ and Ki67+CD8+ T cells in the blood. The mice (n = 5) were treated with various combination therapies, including XRT + αPD1, NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1, NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1 + αLAG3, NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1 + αTIGIT, and NBTXR3 + XRT + PLT as indicated in Fig. 1A and were sacrificed on day 21. The mice which were inoculated with tumors only served as control. Immune cells from primary tumors, secondary tumors, and blood were processed and stained with αCD45-APC-Cy7, αCD3-PE-Cy7, αCD4-alexa 700, αCD8-PercpCy5.5, and αKi67-alexa 647. The cells were run with a Gallios Flow Cytometer (Beckman Coulter) and analyzed with Kaluza software Version 2.1. Figure S6. Flow cytometry gating strategy in Fig. 3. Figure S7. Nanostring cell score of various immune cells treated with different combinations of NBTXR3, XRT, αPD1, αLAG3 and αTIGIT in both primary and secondary tumors. Mice (n = 4) were treated with various combination therapies as described in Fig. 1 and were euthanized 11 d post last fraction of radiation. The RNA from the irradiated and unirradiated tumors was extracted, and the immune-related genes were measured with a nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel and a nCounter MAX Analysis System. The data were analyzed with the PanCancer Immune Profiling Advanced Analysis Module. The cell scores were compared by t-test and were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ***P < 0.001, NS, not significant. Figure S8. Multiple immune-related genes are significantly differentially expressed in the tumors of mice following supplementation of NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1 with αLAG3, αTIGIT, or both. Statistical significance was assessed via a two-tailed t-test, with a p < 0.05. A Heatmap of genes significantly up- or down-regulated in at least one of the three treatment groups relative to NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD-1 in the primary tumor. B Heatmap of genes significantly up- or down-regulated in at least one of the three treatment groups relative to NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1 in the secondary tumor. Two hundred and forty-six (246) such genes were identified and are here ranked alphabetically. C Genes identified as significantly upregulated in NBTXR3 + XRT + PLT-treated mice compared to NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1-treated mice were manually grouped according to their established function. Functional groups were plotted according to the log2 fold change from baseline (NBTXR3 + XRT + αPD1) of their constituent genes, represented in aggregate via violin plot.

Inspired by the strong adhesion of mussels, a super-hydrophobic sponge was designed and prepared by a simple and inexpensive one-pot solution immersion method. The prepared superhydrophobic sponge can not only efficiently separate the oil–water mixture, more importantly, but also remove volatile organic compounds in the atmospheric environment. Polydopamine (PDA) enables polydivinylbenzene (PDVB) particles to be firmly and tightly attached to the melamine sponge skeleton, thereby making the hydrophilic sponge superhydrophobic and providing adsorption sites for volatile organic compounds in the air. The synergy enables the sponge/PDA/PDVB to quickly adsorb oils and organic substances, and it has high stability and capacity even after 20 cycles. In addition, superhydrophobic sponges can still perform outstanding adsorption performance even under highly acidic and alkaline environments. Meanwhile, the static adsorption capacity of the sponge/PDA/PDVB for gaseous toluene is 5.7 times that of activated carbon. Compared with pure PDVB, the super-hydrophobic sponge in the dynamic experiment has a penetration time increased from 6 to 390 min, which is 65 times longer than that of the PDVB, and the adsorption performance has been greatly improved. Therefore, our strategy may achieve a new effect, which can quickly and easily separate oil–water mixtures and remove volatile gaseous pollutants, and it can provide potential options for practical applications

Vegetable oils have been widely used in food, surfactants, lubricants, biodiesel, coatings, and other fields due to their advantages such as renewable, abundant, suitable for further processing, and biodegradable. On the other hand, microwave technology has attracted extensive attention in organic and polymeric chemistry because the technology can greatly shorten the reaction time, improve the yield of products, reduce side reactions, etc. This paper summarized recent advances on the microwave-assisted modification of vegetable oils or their derivatives, such as esterification of free fatty acids, transesterification of triglycerides, epoxidation, and polymerization.

In this paper, the transient numerical simulation was used to study the effects of temperature variation in three ways (the open downward parabola, the straight line and the open upward parabola) of side heater in multi-crystalline silicon directional solidification system during solidification period. The melt-crystal (m/c) interface, thermal field and thermal stress during directional solidification of polysilicon have been simulated. The results show that in the process of solidification, compared with the open downward parabola and straight line temperature variation, the temperature change of the side heater depends on the open upward parabola can better control the horizontal and vertical temperature difference in polysilicon, making the deflection of m/c interfaces smaller. Smaller thermal stress distribution can be obtained from the middle stage to the end of solidification while temperature change of side heater according to upward parabola, which is beneficial to improve the quality of polysilicon ingots.

Background Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated corticosterone-induced fatty liver syndrome (FLS) in the chicken by transactivation of Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO), leading to demethylation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and post-transcriptional activation of lipogenic genes. Nutrition is considered the main cause of FLS in the modern poultry industry. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate whether GR and m6A modification are involved in high-energy and low protein (HELP) diet-induced FLS in laying hens, and if true, what specific m6A sites of lipogenic genes are modified and how GR mediates m6A-dependent lipogenic gene activation in HELP diet-induced FLS in the chicken. Results Laying hens fed HELP diet exhibit excess (P P 6A demethylation. Concurrently, the m6A demethylase FTO is upregulated (P 6A reader YTHDF2 is downregulated (P P 6A in the mRNA of lipogenic genes, including FASN, SREBP1 and SCD. Moreover, GR binding to the promoter of FTO gene is highly enriched (P YTHDF2 gene is diminished (P Conclusions These results implicate a possible role of GR-mediated transcriptional regulation of m6A metabolic genes on m6A-depenent post-transcriptional activation of lipogenic genes and shed new light in the molecular mechanism of FLS etiology in the chicken.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the best techniques for precise localization of abnormal brain activity non-invasively. Machine-learning approaches have been widely used in neuroimaging studies; however, few studies have investigated the single-voxel modeling of fMRI data under cognitive tasks. We proposed a hybrid one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) based on the temporal dynamics of single-voxel fMRI time-series and successfully differentiated two continuous task states, namely, self-initiated (SI) and visually guided (VG) motor tasks. First, 25 activation peaks were identified from the contrast maps of SI and VG tasks in a blocked design. Then, the fMRI time-series of each peak voxel was transformed into a temporal-frequency domain by using continuous wavelet transform across a broader frequency range (0.003–0.313 Hz, with a step of 0.01 Hz). The transformed time-series was inputted into a 1D-CNN model for the binary classification of SI and VG continuous tasks. Compared with the univariate analysis, e.g., amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) at each frequency band, including, wavelet-ALFF, the 1D-CNN model highly outperformed wavelet-ALFF, with more efficient decoding models [46% of 800 models showing area under the curve (AUC) > 0.61] and higher decoding accuracies (94% of the efficient models), especially on the high-frequency bands (>0.1 Hz). Moreover, our results also demonstrated the advantages of wavelet decompositions over the original fMRI series by showing higher decoding performance on all peak voxels. Overall, this study suggests a great potential of single-voxel analysis using 1D-CNN and wavelet transformation of fMRI series with continuous, naturalistic, steady-state task design or resting-state design. It opens new avenues to precise localization of abnormal brain activity and fMRI-guided precision brain stimulation therapy.

Triplet excitons can be utilized upon introduction of phosphors into exciplexes, and such a scenario has been studied in the development of high-performance near-infrared (NIR) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To generate exciplexes in an emitting layer (EML) in the device, commercially available phosphors bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2')iridium(acetylacetonate) [Ir(ppy)2acac] and iridium(III) bis(4-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C2')acetylacetonate (PO-01) were selected as donor components; in addition, a new designed fluorescent molecule, 3-([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-5'-yl)acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline-9,10-dicarbonitrile (AQDC-tPh), and recently reported 3-([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-5'-yl)acenaphtho[1,2-b]pyrazine-8,9-dicarbonitrile (APDC-tPh) were selected as acceptor components. An OLED with PO-01:AQDC-tPh blends as the EML has realized NIR emission at 750 nm and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >0.23%. Furthermore, an OLED containing a PO-01:APDC-tPh blend realizes a maximum EQE of 0.16% at 824 nm. The high performance of these devices underlying phosphor-based exciplexes proves the potential and feasibility of our strategy for the construction of efficient NIR OLEDs.

In a practical ±500 kV/3000 MW line commutated converter based high voltage DC (LCC-HVDC) transmission system, a sustained 5.5/105.5 Hz harmonic was observed in the voltage of the AC bus of inverter station. HVDC power limit function was triggered because of the action of AC filter resistance harmonic overload protection caused by the harmonic. To study the phenomenon, the real-time digital and physical closed-loop simulation platform based on real time digital simulator (RTDS) is first built and the harmonic instability phenomenon is reproduced. Then, its mechanism and impact factors are analyzed based on real-time simulation. Analyses results show that series resonance and core saturation are the main reasons of harmonic. AC/DC harmonic transfer characteristic through converter leads to the interaction of AC and DC network, and inappropriate AC/DC impedance results in the sustained harmonic. Bypassing the series capacitor is proposed as a temporary countermeasure and verified by on-site test. To solve the problem thoroughly, supplementary harmonic controller (SHDC) based on STATCOM is designed, whose validity is verified by simulation tests.

Depression, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, and altered olfaction are often present in Parkinson's disease. Our previous studies demonstrated the role of the olfactory bulb (OB) in causing REM sleep disturbances in depression. Furthermore, adenosine A

The effect of microstructure on shear strength of saturated marine clays was investigated by conducting a series of consolidated-drained (CD), consolidated-undrained (CU) triaxial shear tests and m...

With the objective to study the effect of viscous property on the mechanical behaviour of structured clays, a series of compression and consolidation-undrained shear tests in different loading rates, using oedometer and triaxial instruments respectively, were carried out on undisturbed samples of clays. The compression curves in different load incremental ratios shows that the load incremental ratio has an effect on structural yield stresses, while it has little influence on compression indices of clays. The stress–strain–pore pressure curves show that shear strength increases, while pore water pressure decreases with increasing shear strain rate, and the critical state stress ratio is constant in reasonable shear strain rate range. When the shear strain rate exceeds the boundary of shear strain rate, the pore water pressure drops sharply and the failure mode changes from plastic failure to brittle failure. The test results illustrate that loading rate has an effect on the structural yield stress ...

Additional file 1: The PRISMA checklist.

Additional file 4: Forest plot of mouth breathing caused by adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy.

Additional file 1. Calibration plot of the models.

Additional file 3: Figure S1. Identification of lncRNA-HGBC and its noncoding nature analysis. Figure S2. LncRNA-HGBC promotes GBC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Figure S3. LncRNA-HGBC promotes the invasive capacity of GBC cells. Figure S4. LncRNA-HGBC did not influence HuR expression. Figure S5. Effects of miR-502-3p on lncRNA-HGBC expression. Figure S6. SET is a direct target of miR-502-3p in GBC cells. Figure S7. miR-502-3p inhibits GBC cell proliferation and invasion. Figure S8. Knockdown of SET inhibits GBC cell proliferation and invasion. Figure S9. HuR is upregulated in GBC tissues.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. (a) Heatmap of expression of 43 differential lncRNAs. (b) ROC curve and AUC based on the testing cohort at 5 years. (c) ROC curve and AUC based on the entire TCGA MIBC cohort at 5 years.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 5: Forest plot of mouth breathing caused by OSAS.

Additional file 6: Forest plot for children aged 2–10.

Additional file 2: Electronic search strategy for PubMed.

Additional file 7: Forest plot for children aged 7–14.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Sixty ferroptosis-related genes.

Additional file 6: Forest plot for children aged 2–10.

Additional file 7: Forest plot for children aged 7–14.

Additional file 3: Study selection flow diagram (PRISMA).

Additional file 2. Supplementary Methods.

Energy Internet has become the current international frontier and national demand, and is the key means to achieve cross domain integration and collaborative sharing of energy resources. Regional integrated energy system (RIES) is an important form to tap the complementary capacity of different energy sources and promote energy Internet technology. Energy Internet has a three-tier architecture of energy layer, information layer and value layer. Based on the study of energy conversion mechanism, network interconnection demand, energy efficiency and energy quality efficiency of energy system, the energy conversion path evaluation index for energy layer, the network interworking ability evaluation index for information layer and the comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation index for value layer are designed respectively in this paper, then the evaluation index body of regional comprehensive energy system is founded and verified by an example. The proposed evaluation index system can be used for quantitative analysis of the operation and design of RIES, and guide the relevant research and construction work of investors, design and planning units and system operators.

Large-area organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated by solution process with low-cost are essential for practical applications. However, maintaining desirable uniformity and smoothness of prepared films are challenging with the enhancement of film size and layers. Reported herein is a systematic strategy of solvent and device structure engineering for designing small molecular hybrid white OLED (WOLED) via blade-coating. Benefiting from the uniform blade-coated films with low roughness about 1 nm as well as the balanced charge carrier transport, the blade-coated WOLED with hybrid fluorescence and phosphorescence (small area 0.1 cm2) shows the maximum current efficiency (CE), power efficiency (PE), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 29.0 cd A−1, 30.4 lm W−1, and 11.6%, respectively. And the WOLEDs achieve low turn-on voltage (Von) of about 2.8 V. Meanwhile, the all-vacuum-based WOLED reaches maximum CE, PE, and EQE of 40 cd A−1, 44.3 lm W−1, and 15.9%, respectively. Remarkably, a larger area of the device (2 cm × 2 cm) with uniform emitting reaches peak EQE of 6.8% by blade-coating, notably, only a small amount of solution about 0.9 μL/cm2 was consumed for blade-coated films. The high-performance and low-cost WOLED via blade-coating is ascribed to the facile strategy to improve the film morphology and the energy-level matching, which provides huge potential in display and flat panel lighting.

A new parameter-free framework for calibration enhancement (PFCE) was proposed for dealing with the near-infrared (NIR) spectral inconsistency and maintaining the prediction ability of the calibration model under different conditions. The calibration issues encountered in the maintenance with or without using standards, and even the enhancement between instruments have been thoroughly addressed. The general calibration maintenance/enhancement cases were formulated into non-supervised PFCE (NS-PFCE), semi-supervised PFCE (SS-PFCE), and full-supervised PFCE (FS-PFCE). The NS-PFCE made use of both the provided master and slave spectra of standard samples to construct a maintained calibration slave model by implementing a correlation constraint on the regression coefficients. The SS-PFCE and FS-PFCE methods integrated the slave spectra and reference information of standard samples at the same time into the slave spectral calibration, and thus a maintenance or enhancement model could be achieved for the slave spectra, in particular measured on different instruments. The use of dataset1 comprised of 655 pharmaceutical tablets measured on two NIR spectrometers and datset2 containing 117 plant leaf samples in two mesh sizes has demonstrated that the PFCE framework had a significant effect on enhancing the predictions of the slave spectra in the models. The root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEPs) of either active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) amount in tablets or reducing sugar content in plant leaf samples from the slave spectra approached to or were lower than those values predicted from the master spectra in the master models established with the partial least-squares (PLS) regression method. The advantage of PFCE was parameter-free and efficient. First, the method could be flexibly employed in scientific or applicative environment with no regard to the parameter specification. Second, the performance of NS-PFCE was comparable to the classical calibration maintenance methods, yet the SS-PFCE and FS-PFCE could enhance the prediction ability to a level widely considered as the upper boundary of classical calibration maintenance methods reached.The source code of the method is available at https://github.com/JinZhangLab/PFCE.

Li-Na Guo,1,2 Shu-Ying Yu,1– 3 Meng Xiao,1,2 Chun-Xia Yang,4 Chun-Mei Bao,5 Yan-Hua Yu,6 Li-Yan Ye,7 Yang Yang,1,2 Ge Zhang,1,2 Jie Liu,8 Guo-Wei Liang,9 Rong Min,10 Yu Zhu,11 Hong Lei,12 Yu-Lei Liu,13 Lin-Juan Liu,14 Yun-Jian Hu,15 Po-Ren Hsueh,16 Ying-Chun Xu1,2 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; 2Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447); 3Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; 4Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University; 5Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; 6Department of Clinical Laboratory, You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University; 7Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital; 8Department of Clinical Laboratory, Seventh Medical Center, PLA General Hospital; 9Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Center Hospital; 10Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; 11Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; 12Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; 13Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; 14Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; 15Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 16Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, TaiwanCorrespondence Ying-Chun XuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/ Fax +86 106 915 9766Email xycpumch@139.comPo-Ren HsuehDepartments of Laboratory Medicine & Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, TaiwanTel +886-2-23224262 ext. 65355Fax +886-2-23955072Email hsporen@ntu.edu.twObjective: Invasive candidiasis (IC), a life-threatening fungal infection prevalent among hospitalized patients, has highly variable regional epidemiology. We conducted a multicenter surveillance study to investigate recent trends in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns among IC-associated Candida spp. in Beijing, China, from 2016 to 2017.Materials and Methods: A total of 1496 non-duplicate Candida isolates, recovered from blood and other sterile body fluids of IC patients, were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry combined with ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. Broth microdilution-based susceptibility testing using six antifungal agents was also conducted.Results: Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species (49.9%), followed by Candida tropicalis (15.5%), Candida glabrata (14.7%) and Candida parapsilosis (14.2%). No significant differences in species distribution were observed when compared with a 2012– 2013 dataset. Overall, the rates of susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole were high among C. albicans (98% and 97.2%, respectively) and C. parapsilosis species complex (91.1% and 92%, respectively) isolates but low among C. tropicalis (81.5% and 81.1%, respectively) isolates. In addition, the rate of azole resistance among C. tropicalis isolates increased significantly (1.8-fold, P< 0.05) compared with that observed in 2012– 2013, while micafungin resistance rates were < 5% for all tested Candida species.Conclusion: Our results suggest that species distribution has remained stable among IC-associated Candida isolates in Beijing. Resistance to micafungin was rare, but increased azole resistance among C. tropicalis isolates was noted. Our study provides information on local epidemiology that will be important for the selection of empirical antifungal agents and contributes to global assessments of antifungal resistance.Keywords: invasive fungal infections, Candida, species distribution, antifungal resistance, surveillance, Beijing

Additional file 1: Table S1. Nucleotide sequences of specific primers used for real-time PCR.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Antibodies used.

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) trata sobre el diseño de una Investigación de Mercados sobre la aceptación de la Realidad Virtual en hoteles. En la última década el turismo en España ha crecido exponencialmente superando todas las cifras de crecimiento. No obstante, el futuro del turismo español es una incógnita debido a diferentes amenazas como la estacionalidad de la demanda, fin del ciclo turístico del Sol y Playa, el Breixit, el efecto Greta, y el más importante, las consecuencias del coronavirus a nivel mundial. La Realidad Virtual puede suponer un elemento diferenciador y crear valor añadido para diversificar los servicios hacia otro tipo de turista de mayor calidad. Para la realización de la Investigación de Mercados se contextualiza el sector turístico y el hotelero a nivel nacional y a nivel autonómico. Además, se ha realizado una revisión teórica de las diferentes tecnologías de realidad existentes y de sus diferentes soportes para su uso. Para la obtención de datos se utiliza métodos cualitativos a la dirección de hoteles y cuantitativos a los consumidores.