Search

We follow the heavy Higgs searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for $H \to ����$ by CMS, and $H\to����$ by ATLAS and CMS, to study the prospects of discovering the extra Higgs states in $pp \to H,A \to ����, ����$ with $e��+ {E}^{\rm miss}_T$ and $j_�� ��+ {E}^{\rm miss}_T $ final states, where $j_�� = ��\, , ��\, , a_1$ and ${E}^{miss}_T$ is missing transverse energy. In a general two Higgs doublet model framework without $Z_2$ symmetry, extra Yukawa couplings $��_{����}$ and $��_{����}$ can drive $H,A \to ����$ and $����$ channels at hadron colliders, following gluon-gluon fusion production with extra $��_{tt}$ couplings. The light Higgs boson $h(125)$ is found to resemble closely the Standard Model Higgs boson. In the alignment limit of $\cos��\to 0$ for $h$--$H$ mixing, flavor changing neutral Higgs couplings such as $h \to ����$ are naturally suppressed, but the couplings of the heavier $H$ is optimized by $\sin ��\to 1$. We define various signal regions for $H,A \to ����$ and $����$, and evaluate physics backgrounds from dominant processes with realistic acceptance cuts and tagging efficiencies. Two different studies are presented: we first perform a parton level study without any hadronization and with minimal detector smearing; we then include hadronization using PYTHIA 8.2 and fast detector simulation using DELPHES to give event level simulation. Results for $\sqrt{s}= 13$ TeV appear promising, which we extend further to $\sqrt{s} = 14$ TeV for the High Luminosity LHC., 19 pages, 11 figures

We study lepton flavor violating (LFV) $B$ decays in a general two Higgs doublet model with sub-TeV exotic scalars. Two different parameter spaces are explored: one dominated by extra top Yukawa coupling $ρ_{tt}$, the other by LFV couplings relevant for the muon $g-2$ anomaly. In the first case, flavor constraints such as $\ell \to \ell^\primeγ$, $h \to \ell\ell^\prime$ imply LFV $B$ decays are far below experimental sensitivities. The second case needs to be close to the alignment limit, but $B_q \to τμ$ and $B \to (K, π) τμ$ rates can lie within the sensitivities of Belle II and LHCb Upgrade II. Neutral $B$ meson mixings and $B,\, K,\, π\to \ell ν$ decays provide important flavor constraints on parameter space. $B$ decays involving $e$-$τ$ violation are constrained by $μ\to e$ processes., 11 pages, 6 captioned figures, added a discussion of collider signatures in section IV and included a new appendix; matches published version

We study a search for the charged Higgs boson via $e^+e^- \to H^+H^- \to c\bar{b}\bar{c}b$ at the 500 GeV ILC. In a general two Higgs doublet model without $Z_2$ symmetry, extra Yukawa couplings $\rho_{tt}$ and $\rho_{tc}$ can drive baryogenesis, but searches at the HL-LHC may still go empty-handed if the couplings are relatively weak. Taking $m_{H^+ } \simeq m_H \simeq m_A \simeq 200$ GeV, with $\rho_{tt}$, $\rho_{tc}\sim 0.1$ and no $h(125)$-$H$ mixing, $H^+ \to c\bar b$ decay is dominant, and the $c\bar{b}\bar{c}b$ final state is likely overwhelmed by QCD background at the LHC. We show that the electroweak production of $H^+ H^-$ at the ILC is discoverable with integrated luminosity of 1 ab$^{-1}$. Furthermore, we show that $m_{H^+}$ can be extracted by requiring the two pairs of $b$ and light jets be roughly equal in mass, without assuming the mass value. Thus, ILC can probe low mass Higgs bosons in multijet final states to complement HL-LHC in the future, Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures

We explore the interplay between $h(125) \to ����$ search at the LHC and $��\to ����$ at the up and coming Belle~II experiment, in context of the general two Higgs doublet model with extra Yukawa couplings such as $��_{����}$. The search for $h \to ����$ constrains $��_{����} \cos��$, where $\cos��$ is the $h$--$H$ mixing angle of $h$ with the exotic $CP$-even scalar $H$. For $��\to ����$, we define the "BSM-benchmark" by setting the extra top Yukawa coupling $��_{tt} = 1\ (\cong ��_t)$ in two-loop diagrams, and $\cos��= 0$ to decouple $h$. We show that this leading effect due to $H$ and $CP$-odd scalar $A$ can be readily probed by Belle~II, even for the conservative value of $��_{����} = 0.7��_��$. We define the subleading "$h$-benchmark" by setting $��_{tt} = 0$ in two-loop diagrams, and take the conservative maximal value of $\cos��= 0.2$. We show that it falls beyond Belle~II reach, but can interfere with the BSM-benchmark effect, which in principle probes the phase of $��_{tt}$. We further show that the one-loop $H$, $A$ effect, proportional to $��_{����}��_{����}$ in amplitude, is beyond the sensitivity of Belle~II to probe, even for $��_{����}$ as large as $3��_��$. With the working assumption that $��_{32}^f, ��_{33}^f = {\cal O}(��_3^f)$ for all charged fermions $f$, we find good discovery potential for both $��$ lepton flavor violation searches in the coming decade., 7 pages, 3 figures

We study the discovery potential of the $cg \to tA\to tZH$ process at the LHC, where $A$ and $H$ are CP-odd and even exotic scalars, respectively. The context is the general Two Higgs Doublet Model, where $cg \to tA$ is induced by the flavor changing neutral Higgs coupling $\rho_{tc}$. We find that the process $cg \to tA\to tZH$ can be discovered for $m_A \sim 400$ GeV, but would likely require high luminosity running of the LHC. Such a discovery would shed light on the mechanism behind the observed Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe. We also study $cg \to tA\to tZh$, where $h$ is the observed 125 GeV scalar, but find it out of reach at the LHC., Comment: matches the published version

Purely leptonic $B$ meson decays provide unique probes for physics Beyond the Standard Model. We study the impact of a scalar leptoquark, $S_1$, on $B \to ��\bar��$ decay. We find that, for $m_{S_1}\sim 1$ TeV, the $S_1$ leptoquark can modify the $B \to ��\bar��$ rate significantly. Such a leptoquark can in prinicple also alter the $B \to ��\bar��$ rate. However, current searches from LHC and low energy physics provide some constraints on the parameter space., matches the published version

With no New Physics seen at the LHC, a second Higgs doublet remains attractive and plausible. The ratio ${\cal R}_B^{��/��} = {\cal B}(B \to ��\bar��)/{\cal B}(B \to ��\bar��)$ is predicted at 0.0045 in both the Standard Model and the type II two Higgs doublet model, but it can differ if extra Yukawa couplings exist in Nature, which we deem an experimental issue. Considering recent Belle update on $B \to ��\bar��$, we show that in the general two Higgs doublet model, the ratio could be up by a factor of two, which can be probed by the Belle~II experiment with just a few ab$^{-1}$., matches the published version

The alignment phenomenon, that the 125 GeV $h^0$ boson so resembles the Standard Model Higgs boson, can be understood in a two Higgs doublet model without discrete symmetry. New Yukawa couplings $\rho_{tt}$ and $\rho_{tc}$ offer new avenues to discover the extra scalar $H^0$ and pseudoscalar $A^0$. We propose to search for $cg \to tH^0$, $tA^0$ followed by $H^0$, $A^0 \to t\bar t$, $t\bar c$, where same-sign dileptons could be the harbinger, with triple-top, in the signature of three leptons plus three $b$-jets, as confirmation. Discovery could touch upon the origin of baryon asymmetry of the Universe., Comment: references added, minor modifications, matched with the published version

The 125 GeV boson is quite consistent with the Higgs boson of the Standard Model (SM), but there is a challenge from Anderson whether this particle is in the Lagrangian. As LHC Run 2 takes its final year of running, we ought to reflect and make sure we have gotten everything right. The ATLAS and CMS combined Run 1 analysis claims 5.4$\sigma$ measurement of vector boson fusion (VBF) production that is consistent with SM, which seemingly refutes Anderson. However, to verify the source of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB), we caution that VBF measurement is too important for us to be imprudent in any way, and gluon-gluon fusion (ggF) with similar tag jets must be simultaneously \emph{measured}, which should be achievable at LHC Run 2. The point is to truly test the dilaton possibility, the pseudo-Goldstone boson of scale invariance violation. We illustrate EWSB by dynamical mass generation of a sequential quark doublet $Q$ via its ultrastrong Yukawa coupling, and argue how this might be consistent with a 125 GeV dilaton, ${\cal D}$. The ultraheavy $2m_Q \gtrsim 4$--5 TeV scale explains the absence of New Physics so far, while the mass generation mechanism shields us from the UV theory for the strong Yukawa coupling. Collider and flavor physics implications are briefly touched upon. Current Run 2 analyses show correlations between the ggF and VBF measurements, but the newly observed $t\bar tH$ production at LHC poses a challenge., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, extensive update of paper with current Run 2 data, version corresponding to the one published in \emph{Symmetry}

Weakly interacting K --> pi X^0 emission with m_{X^0} \simeq m_{pi^0} is out of sight of the current K^+ --> pi^+ nu nubar study, but it can be sensed by the K_L --> pi^0 nu nubar search. This evades the usual Grossman-Nir bound of B(K_L --> pi^0 nu nubar) < 1.4 x 10^-9, thus the KOTO experiment is already starting to probe New Physics. An intriguing possibility is the Z' gauge boson of a weak leptonic force that couples to L_mu - L_tau (the difference between the muon and tauon numbers), which may explain the long-standing "muon g-2" anomaly, but is constrained by nu_mu N --> nu_mu N mu^+ mu^- scattering to m_{Z'} \lesssim 400 MeV. An explicit model for K --> pi Z' is given, which illustrates the link between rare kaon and B --> K mu^+ mu^-, K^{(*)} nu nubar decays. Complementary to these searches and future lepton experiments, the LHC might discover the scalar boson phi responsible for light m_{Z'} generation via phi --> Z' Z' --> 2(mu^+ mu^-)., 5 pages, 3 figures, title changed, version to appear in PRL

The LHCb experiment observed B+ --> pi+ mu+ mu- decay with 1.0 fb^-1 data, which is the first measurement of a flavor changing neutral current b --> d l+ l- decay (l = e, mu). Based on QCD factorization, we give Standard Model predictions for the branching ratios, direct CP asymmetries, and isospin asymmetry for B --> pi l+ l- decays, in the kinematic region where the dilepton invariant mass is small. We find that the contribution from weak annihilation enhances the direct CP asymmetry for low l+ l- pair mass. Anticipating improved measurements, we assess the utility of B+ --> pi+ l+ l- observables, when combined with B0 --> pi- l+ nu and B+ --> K+ l+ l-, for determining CKM parameters in the future., 13 pages, 9 figures; version accepted for publication in PRD; references added

The long-awaited $B_s\to ��^+��^-$ mode has finally been observed at rate consistent with Standard Model, albeit lower by 1.2$��$. There is some hint for New Physics in the rarer $B_d^0 \to ��^+��^-$ decay, especially if the currently 2.2$��$-enhanced central value persists with more data. The measurement of $CP$ violating phase $��_s$, via both $B_s\to J/��K\bar K$ and $J/������$ modes, has reached Standard Model sensitivity. These measurements stand major improvement when LHC enters Run 2. Concurrently, the $K_L\to��^0��\bar��$ and $K^+\to��^+��\bar��$ modes are being pursued in a similar time frame. We illustrate the possible correlations between New Physics effects in these four modes, using the fourth generation as example. While correlations may or may not exist in other New Physics models, the four generation model can accommodate enhancements in both $B_d^0 \to ��^+��^-$ and $K_L\to��^0��\bar��$., 9 pages, 5 figures for V1; for V2 title modified, minor changes performed to figures, part of contents revised to 7 pages, note added, one of the authors' affiliation changed, accepted for the publication of PLB

The newly discovered "Higgs" boson h^0, being lighter than the top quark t, opens up new probes for flavor and mass generation. In the general two Higgs doublet model, new ct, cc and tt Yukawa couplings could modify h^0 properties. If t --> ch^0 occurs at the percent level, the observed ZZ^* and ����signal events may have accompanying cbW activity coming from t\bar{t} feeddown. We suggest that t --> ch^0 can be searched for via h^0 --> ZZ^*, ����, WW^* and b\bar{b}, perhaps even ��^+��^- modes in t\bar{t} events. Existing data might be able to reveal some clues for t --> ch^0 signature, or push the branching ratio B(t --> ch^0) down to below the percent level., 5 pages, 3 figures, version to appear in PLB

The very rare Bd0 --> mu+ mu- decay may be the last chance for New Physics in flavor sector at the LHC, before the 13 TeV run in 2015. Partially motivated by the known tension in sin(2beta/phi_1), enhancement beyond (3-4) x 10^-10 would likely imply the effect of a fourth generation of quarks. If observed at this level, the 126 GeV boson may not be the actual Higgs boson, while the b --> d quadrangle (modulo m_t') would jump out. The 2011-2012 data is likely not sensitive to values below 3 x 10^-10, and the mode should continue to be pursued with the 13 TeV run., 6 pages, 9 figures; title changed, references added and updated, other minor improvements, to appear in PRD

Yukawa couplings of electroweak Goldstone bosons can be inferred from experiment, but the existence of an elementary Higgs boson is not yet an established fact. If a sequential chiral quark generation does exist, it would bring us now into the strong Yukawa coupling regime. Guided by a Bethe--Salpeter equation approach, we postulate that the leading collapse state, the (heavy) isotriplet and color-singlet $\pi_1$ meson, becomes the Goldstone boson $G$ itself. Viewing it as a deeply bound state, a gap equation is constructed. This "`bootstrap" picture for electroweak symmetry breaking relies on strong Yukawa coupling, without providing any theory of the latter., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Chinese Journal of Physics

With full 2011 LHC data analyzed, there is no indication for deviation from Standard Model (SM) in CP violating phase for Bs --> J/psi phi, nor in the forward-backward asymmetry for B0 --> K*0 mu+ mu-. SM sensitivity, however, has been reached for Bs --> mu+ mu- rate, and there may be some hint for a suppression. We illustrate that, if a suppressed B(Bs --> mu+ mu-) bears out with 2012 data, it would imply a lower bound on the fourth generation quark mixing product |V_{t's}^*V_{t'b}|., 4 pages, 2 figures

A fourth generation of quarks, if it exist, may provide sufficient CP violation for the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We estimate the neutron electric dipole moment in the presence of a fourth generation, and find it would be dominated by the strange quark chromoelectric dipole moment, assuming it does not get wiped out by a Peccei-Quinn symmetry. Both the three electroweak loop and the two-loop electroweak/one-loop gluonic contributions are considered. With m_{b'}, m_{t'} at 500 GeV or so that can be covered at the LHC, and with a Jarlskog CPV factor that is consistent with hints of New Physics in b to s transitions, the neutron EDM is found around 10^{-31}e cm, still far below the 10^{-28}e cm reach of the new experiments being planned or under construction., Comment: 4 pages; 5 pages, references added, comment added on hyperon EDM, note added on on t' mass and Higgs mass after EPS-HEP 2011

We show that simultaneous precision measurement of the CP-violating phase in time-dependent Bs --> J/psi phi study and the Bs --> mu+ mu- rate, together with measuring m_t' by direct search at the LHC, would determine V_{t's}^*V_{t'b} and therefore the b --> s quadrangle in the four-generation standard model. The forward-backward asymmetry in B --> K* l+ l- provides further discrimination., 6 pages, 7 figures, revised based on LHC results released in this summer, to appear in PRD

We estimate the long-distance contribution to the ����s of B_s system, based mainly on two-body D^(*)_s\Dbar^(*)_s modes and three-body D^(*)_s\Dbar^(*)\Kbar^(*) modes (and their CP conjugates). Some higher c\bar{s} resonances are also considered. The contribution to ����s/��s by two-body modes is 10.2+-3.0%, slightly smaller than the short-distance result of 13.3+-3.2%. The contribution to width difference by D*_s0(2317), D_s1(2460), and D_s1(2536) resonances is negligible. For the three-body modes, we adopt the factorization formalism and model the form factors with off-shell D^(*)_s poles, the D_{sJ}(2700) resonance, and non-resonant (NR) contributions. These three-body modes can arise through current-produced or transition diagrams, but only SU(3)-related D^(*)_{u,d} \Dbar^(*)\Kbar modes from current diagram have been measured so far. The pole model results for D^*_{u,d} \Dbar^(*)\Kbar agree well with data, while D_{u,d} \Dbar^(*)\Kbar rates agree with data only within a factor of 2 to 3. All measured three-body rates can be reproduced by including NR contribution. The total ����s/��s obtained is 16.7+-8.5%, which agrees with the short-distance result within uncertainties. For illustration, we also demonstrate the effect of D_{sJ}(2700) in modes with D^(*)K^*. In all scenarios, the total width difference remain consistence to the short-distance result. Our result indicates that (a) the operator product expansion (OPE) in short-distance picture is a valid assumption, (b) approximating the two-body decays to saturate width difference has a large correction, (c) the effect of three-body modes cannot be neglected, and (d) in addition to D^(*)_s poles, the D_{sJ}(2700) resonance also plays an important role in three-body modes. Future experiments are necessary to improve the estimation of ����s from long-distance picture., 27 pages, 4 figures

The International Large Detector (ILD) is a concept for a detector at the International Linear Collider, ILC. The ILC will collide electrons and positrons at energies of initially 500 GeV, upgradeable to 1 TeV. The ILC has an ambitious physics program, which will extend and complement that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A hallmark of physics at the ILC is precision. The clean initial state and the comparatively benign environment of a lepton collider are ideally suited to high precision measurements. To take full advantage of the physics potential of ILC places great demands on the detector performance. The design of ILD is driven by these requirements. Excellent calorimetry and tracking are combined to obtain the best possible overall event reconstruction, including the capability to reconstruct individual particles within jets for particle ow calorimetry. This requires excellent spatial resolution for all detector systems. A highly granular calorimeter system is combined with a central tracker which stresses redundancy and efficiency. In addition, efficient reconstruction of secondary vertices and excellent momentum resolution for charged particles are essential for an ILC detector. The interaction region of the ILC is designed to host two detectors, which can be moved into the beam position with a push-pull scheme. The mechanical design of ILD and the overall integration of subdetectors takes these operational condition s into account. The International Large Detector (ILD) is a concept for a detector at the International Linear Collider, ILC. The ILC will collide electrons and positrons at energies of initially 500 GeV, upgradeable to 1 TeV. The ILC has an ambitious physics program, which will extend and complement that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A hallmark of physics at the ILC is precision. The clean initial state and the comparatively benign environment of a lepton collider are ideally suited to high precision measurements. To take full advantage of the physics potential of ILC places great demands on the detector performance. The design of ILD is driven by these requirements. Excellent calorimetry and tracking are combined to obtain the best possible overall event reconstruction, including the capability to reconstruct individual particles within jets for particle ow calorimetry. This requires excellent spatial resolution for all detector systems. A highly granular calorimeter system is combined with a central tracker which stresses redundancy and efficiency. In addition, efficient reconstruction of secondary vertices and excellent momentum resolution for charged particles are essential for an ILC detector. The interaction region of the ILC is designed to host two detectors, which can be moved into the beam position with a push-pull scheme. The mechanical design of ILD and the overall integration of subdetectors takes these operational conditions into account.

We give an assessment of the three approaches, undertaken by the D$\emptyset$ experiment, to probe CP violation in $B_s$ mixing without measurement of $B_s$-$\bar B_s$ oscillations or tagging: dimuon charge asymmetry $A_{SL}$, untagged single muon charge asymmetry $A_{SL}^s$, and lifetime difference in untagged $B_s \to J/����$ decay. The latter two approaches provide an alternative avenue, if not crosscheck, to the usual mixing-decay interference study in modes such as $B_s \to J/����$. Prospects at the Tevatron, LHC and (Super) B factories are discussed., Latex 4 pages, no figures. Minor modifications in Title and text, references and Note added

We study quasi-elastic rescattering effects in B_{u,d,s}(bar) to DP, D(bar)P decays, where P is a light pseudoscalar. The updated measurements of B_{u,d}(bar) to DP decays are used to extract the effective Wilson coefficients a^{eff}_1 ~ 0.90, a^{eff}_2 ~ 0.23, three strong phases delta ~ 53 degree, theta ~ 18 degree, sigma ~ -88 degree, and the mixing angle tau ~ 9 degree. This information is used to predict rates of nineteen B_{s}(bar) to DP and B_{u,d,s}(bar) to D(bar)P decay modes, including modes of interests in the gamma/phi_3 program. Many decay rates are found to be enhanced. In particular, the B_s(bar) to D0 K0 rate is predicted to be 8\times 10^{-4}, which could be measured soon. The rescattering effects on the corresponding B_{u,d,s}(bar) to D(bar)P, DP amplitude ratios r_B, r_{B_s}, and the relative strong phases delta_B, delta_{B_s} are studied. Although the decay rates are enhanced in most cases, r_{B,B_s} values are similar to factorization expectation., Comment: 16 pages

We study the effect from a sequential fourth generation quark on penguin-dominated two-body nonleptonic B meson decays in the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD formalism. With an enhancement of the color-suppressed tree amplitude and possibility of a new CP phase in the electroweak penguin, we can account better for A_{CP}(B^0 -> K^+ pi^-)-A_{CP}(B^+ -> K^+ pi^0). Taking |V_{t's}V_{t'b}| \sim 0.02 with phase just below 90^\circ, which are consistent with the b -> s l^+ l^- rate and the B_s mixing parameter ��m_{B_s}, we find a downward shift in the mixing-induced CP asymmetries of B^0 -> K_S pi^0 and phi K_S. The predicted behavior for B^0 -> rho^0 K_S is opposite., 4 pages, 6 figures; version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

The fourth generation can give the correct trend of S_{phi K^0}, S_{pi^0 K^0} < sin2phi_1/beta, as indicated by data, and the effect, being largely leading order, is robust against hadronic uncertainties. The effect on S_{eta' K^0}, however, is diluted away by hadronic effects, and S_{eta' K^0} \simeq sin2phi_1/beta is expected. The near maximal arg[V^*_{t's}V_{t'b}] \lesssim 90^\circ that is needed could resolve the unequal direct CP violation seen in B -> K^+ pi^- and K^+ pi^0 modes, and is consistent with b ->s l^+l^- and B_s mixing constraints., 4 pages, 10 figures

Combining the measured B_s mixing with b \to s\ell^+\ell^- rate data, we find a sizable 4 generation t' quark effect is allowed, for example with m_{t'} \sim 300 GeV and V_{t's}^*V_{t'b} \sim 0.025 e^{\pm i 70^\circ}, which could underly the new physics indications in CP violation studies of b \to s qbar q transitions. With positive phase, large and negative mixing-dependent CP violation in B_s system is predicted, \sin 2\Phi_{B_s} \sim -0.5 to -0.7. This can also be probed via width difference methods. As a corollary, the short distance generated D^0-D^0bar mass difference is found to be consistent with, if not slightly higher than, recent B factory measurements, while CP violation is subdued with \sin 2\Phi_D \sim -0.2., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures added (to total of 11 figures), revision to clarify b -> s photon contrast with Bs and D mixing

Recent CP violation results in B decays suggest that Z penguins may have large weak phase. This can be realized by the four generation (standard) model. Concurrently, B to Xs l+ l- and Bs mixing allow for sizable Vt's* Vt'b only if it is nearly imaginary. Such large effects in b to s transitions would affect s to d transitions, as kaon constraints would demand Vt'd different from zero. Using Gamma(Z to b bbar) to bound |Vt'b|, we infer sizable |Vt's| < |Vt'b| < |Vus|$. Imposing epsilon_K, K+ to pi+ nu nubar and epsilon'/epsilon constraints, we find Vt'd* Vt's = few x 10^(-4) with large phase, enhancing KL to pi0 nu nubar to 5x10^(-10) or even higher. Interestingly, Delta_mBd and sin(2PhiBd) are not much affected, as |Vt'd* Vt'b| << |Vtd* Vtb| = 0.01., 6 pages, 9 figures

Direct CP violation in B^0-> K^+��^- decay has emerged at -10% level, but the asymmetry in B^+ -> K^+��^0 mode is consistent with zero. This difference points towards possible New Physics in the electroweak penguin operator. We point out that a sequential fourth generation, with sizable V^*_{t's}V_{t'b} and near maximal phase, could be a natural cause. We use the perturbative QCD factorization approach for B-> K��amplitudes. While the B^0-> K^+��^- mode is insensitive to t', we critically compare t' effects on direct CP violation in B^+ -> K^+��^0 with b-> s\ell^+\ell^- and B_s mixing. If the K^+��^0-K^+��^- asymmetry difference persists, we predict \sin2��_{B_s} to be negative., Text reorganized, including adding discussion of DCPV in b -> s gamma, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

The recently observed color suppressed B0bar to D0 pi0, D0 eta, D0 eta', Ds+ K-and D0 K0bar decay modes all have rates larger than expected, hinting at the presence of final state interactions. We study rescattering effects in Bbar to D P, D Kbar and Dbar Kbar modes in the quasi-elastic approach, which is extended to accommodate D0 eta' without using U(3) symmetry. The D0bar Kbar modes are of interest in the determination of the unitarity angle phi3/gamma. The updated DP data are used to extract the effective Wilson coefficients a_1^{eff} ~ 0.92, a_2^{eff} ~ 0.22, three strong phases delta ~ 62 deg., theta ~ 24 deg., sigma ~ 127 deg., and the mixing angle tau~2 deg. The values of delta and theta are close to our previous results. The smallness of tau implies small mixing of D0 eta1 with other modes. Predictions for D0 K-, D+ K- and D0 K0bar agree with data. The framework applies to Bbar to Dbar Kbar decays, and rates for D0bar K-, D- K0, Ds- pi0, Ds- eta and Ds- eta' modes are predicted. From B- to D0bar K- and D0 K- rates, we find r_B=0.09\pm 0.02., Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures

This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to the crucial wrong assumption following Eq. 9., Comment: This paper has been withdrawn

Based on Bbar to D{(*)}K-K{*0} decay data, which supports factorization, we propose to extract the kaon axial form factor in the factorization framework. Experiment indicates that the K-K{*0} pair is produced by an axial current where only one out of three axial form factors is dominant. The axial form factor can be extracted by fitting the K-K{*0} mass spectrum with an a_1(1260)-resonance plus QCD-motivated non-resonant contributions, which can be improved as data improves., 15 pages, 5 figures

A supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, with maximal s_R-b_R mixing and a new source of CP violation, contains all the necessary ingredients to account for a possible anomaly in the measured CP asymmetry in B->phi K_s decay. In the same framework we study the decay B->J/psi K*, paying particular attention to observables that can be extracted by performing a time dependent angular analysis, and become nonzero because of new physics effects., 6 pages, 6 figures, added references for sections 1 and 2

Two recent experimental developments, when combined, may have far reaching implications. $S_{��K_S} < 0$, if confirmed, would imply large $s$-$b$ mixing, a new CP phase, and right-handed dynamics. Large $��m_{B_s}$ would be likely, making the $B_s$ program at hadron machines difficult. Reconstruction of $B$ vertex from $K_S$ at B factories, as shown by BaBar's first measurement of $S_{K_S��^0}$, makes $S_{K_S��^0��}$ in $\bar B\to \bar K^{*0}��$ accessible. This would be a boon for B factory upgrades. Supersymmetric Abelian flavor symmetry, independently motivated, can realize all of this with a light $\widetilde{sb}_1$ squark. B factory and collider studies of flavor, CP and SUSY may not be what we had expected., 4 pages, 3 figures, Emphasis reorganized and many parts rewritten, and a few references added

A slow J/psi excess exists in the inclusive B -> J/psi+X spectrum, and is indicative of some hadronic effect. From color octet nature of c cbar pair in b-> c cbar s decay, one such possibility would be B -> J/psi+ K_g decay, where K_g is a hybrid resonance with sbar g q constituents. We show that a K_g resonance of ~ 2 GeV mass and suitably broad width could be behind the excess., 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. D

We study decay rates and spectra of anti-B --> Lambda anti-p pi, Sigma0 anti-p pi, Sigma- anti-n pi, Xi0 anti-Sigma+ pi, Xi- anti-Sigma0 pi and Xi- anti-Lambda pi modes under a factorization approach. The baryon pairs are produced through vector, axial vector, scalar and pseudoscalar operators. Previous predictions, including ours, are an order of magnitude too small compared to experiment. By incorporating QCD counting rules and studying the asymptotic behavior, we find an earlier relation between the pseudoscalar and axial vector form factors to be too restrictive. Instead, the pseudoscalar and scalar form factors are related asymptotically. Following this approach, the measured Lambda anti-p pi rate (~4.0x10^{-6}) and spectrum can be understood, and Lambda should be dominantly left-hand polarized, while we expect Br(Sigma0 anti-p pi)~1.6x10^{-6}. These results and other predictions can be checked soon., 18 pages, 3 figures; use updated Belle results, add Lambda polarization study

We predict the rates of the charmless three-body $B^0\to ��^-p\bar{n}$ and $��^-p\bar{n}$ modes due to weak vector current contributions to be $\sim 4\times 10^{-6}$ and $2\times 10^{-6}$, respectively. The basis is a factorization approach of current produced nucleon pairs, together with an isospin transformation that relates nucleon weak vector form factors to electromagnetic form factors. Adding the axial vector current contribution, we find $B^0\to ��^-p\bar{n}$ and $B^+\to ��^0p\bar{n}$ to be at $10^{-5}$ order. The three-body modes appear to dominate over the two-body modes such as $B\to p\bar{p}$, $p\bar ��$., 5 pages, 4 figures. Version to appear in Phys. Lett. B

Recent results from Belle and BaBar Collaborations hint at a small $\sin2��_1$, while the measured $B\to����$ rate also seems to be on the low side. Supersymmetric (SUSY) models with down squark mixings can account for the deficits in both cases. By studying the origin of SUSY contributions that could impact on $B^0_d$--$\bar B^0_d$ mixing and $B\to����$ decay, we find that the former would most likely arise from left-left or right-right squark mixings, while the latter would come from left-right squark mixings. These two processes in general are not much correlated in the Minimum Supersymmetric Standard Model. If the smallness of $B\to����$ is due to SUSY models, one would likely have large $B\to����$ from chiral enhancement, and the rate could be within present experimental reach. Even if $B\to����$ is not greatly enhanced, it could have large mixing dependent CP violation., 10 pages, 6 figures. Version to appear in Eur. Phys. J. C

The color-suppressed \bar B^0-> D^{(*)0}��^0, D^{(*)0}��, D^0��decay modes have just been observed for the first time. The rates are all larger than expected, hinting at the presence of final state interactions. Considering \bar B^0-> D^{(*)0}��^0 mode alone, an elastic D^{(*)}��-> D^{(*)}��rescattering phase difference ��\equiv ��_{1/2} - ��_{3/2} \sim 30^\circ would suffice, but the \bar B^0-> D^{(*)0}��, D^0��modes compel one to extend the elastic formalism to SU(3) symmetry. We find that a universal a_2/a_1=0.25 and two strong phase differences 20^\circ \sim ��< ��< ��^\prime \sim 50^\circ can describe both DP and D^*P modes rather well; the large phase of order 50^\circ is needed to account for the strength of {\it both} the D^{(*)0}��^0 and D^{(*)0}��modes. For DV modes, the nonet symmetry reduces the number of physical phases to just one, giving better predictive power. Two solutions are found. We predict the rates of the \bar B^0-> D^{+}_s K^-, D^{*+}_s K^-, D^0��^0, D^+_s K^{*-} and D^0��modes, as well as \bar B^0-> D^{0}\bar K^0, D^{*0}\bar K^0, D^{0}\bar K^{*0} modes. The formalism may have implications for rates and CP asymmetries of charmless modes., REVTeX4, 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D

A slow $J/��$ bump exists in the inclusive $B\to J/��+ X$ spectrum, while the softness of $J/��$ spectrum in $��(1S) \to J/��+ X$ decay is in strong contrast with expectations from color octet mechanism. We propose {\it intrinsic} charm as the explanation:the former is due to $\bar B\to J/��D ��$,with three charm quarks in the final state; the latter is just a small fraction of $��(1S) \to (c\bar c)_{\rm slow} + 2$"jet" events, where the slow moving $c\bar c$ system evolves into $D^{(*)}$ pairs. Experimental search for these phenomena at B Factories and the Tevatron is strongly urged, as the implications go beyond QCD., 4 pages, REVTEX, 10 eps figures included. Major revision with more discussions on the rescattering background, and a reappraisal of the Upsilon(1S) decay in the presence of intrinsic charm, leading to a change in Title

Surveying known hadronic rare B decays, we find that the factorization approximation can give a coherent account of $K��$, $����$ and $��^0��^+$ data and give predictions for $��^0��^+$, $����$ and $K^*��$ modes, {\it if ${Re}V_{ub}$ is taken as negative} (in standard phase convention) rather than positive. As further confirmation, we expect a lower $\sin2��$ value at B Factories as compared to current fits, and $B_s$ mixing close to LEP bounds at SLD and CDF., 11 pages, revtex, 4 figures (unchanged and eps files included); version (including title and abstract change) to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

The newly observed $\bar B^0 \to \bar K^0��^0$ mode is quite sizable while $��^-��^+$ is rather small. Data also hint at $��^-��^0 \gtrsim ��^-��^+$. Though consistent with zero, central values of CP violating asymmetries in $K^-��^{+,0}$ and $\bar K^0��^-$ show an interesting pattern. Taking cue from these, we suggest that, besides $��\equiv {\rm arg} (V_{ub}^*)$ being large, the rescattering phase $��$ in $K��$ and $����$ modes may be greater than $90^\circ$. If this is true, not only the above trends can be accounted for, one would also find $��^0��^0 \sim ��^-��^{+,0}$, and the CP asymmetry in $\bar B^0$ vs. $B^0 \to ��^-��^+$ could be as large as -60%. These results can be tested in a couple of years., 4 pages, revtex, 3 eps figures, an error on SU(3) corrected. Version to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett

Recent rare $B \to PP$, $PV$ decay data suggest that factorization holds well if, contrary to current fits, one has $\cos��< 0$ where $��\equiv {\rm arg}(V_{ub}^*)$. We update previous results with light cone sum rule form factors, which seem to work better. We then discuss various $B\to VV$ modes as well as the $K^{*} ��$ modes. Finding the pattern of $��^+��^0 < ��^+��^0$, $K^{*+}��^{-,0} > K^{*0}��^+$, $K^{*+}��^0 > K^{*0}��^0$ and $K^{*+}��> K^{*0}��$ would strengthen the support for $\cos��< 0$. The electroweak penguin enhances (suppresses) the $K^{*+}��^{0}$ ($K^{*0}��^{0}$) rate by a factor of 2, and finding $K^{*+}��^{0} \simeq K^{*+}��^{-}$ would be strong evidence for the electroweak penguin., 22 pages, Latex, 14 eps figures included

We study the mixing angle \theta_{O\psi} and mixing amplitude f_{O\psi} of J/psi and vector glueball O, in the framework of potential models of heavy quarks and constituent gluons. While the state vectors of J/psi and O are constructed from the wave functions of few-body Schroedinger equations, the mixing dynamics is governed by perturbative QCD. We obtain a value of the mixing angle of |\tan \theta_{O\psi}| \approx 0.015 and the mixing amplitude of |f_{O\psi}(m_{O\psi}^2)| \approx 0.008 GeV^2, which is compatible with phenomenological analysis., Comment: 4 pages, latex, no figures. Talk given at the 8th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron99), Beijing, 24-28 august, 1999

Within the Standard Model, CP rate asymmetries for $B\to K^-\pi^{+,0}$ could reach 10%. With strong final state phases, they could go up to 20--30%, even for $\bar K^0\pi^-$ mode which would have opposite sign. We can account for $K^-\pi^{+}$, $\bar K^0\pi^-$ and $\phi K$ rate data with new physics enhanced color dipole coupling and destructive interference. Asymmetries could reach 40--60% for $K\pi$ and $\phi K$ modes and are all of the same sign. We are unable to account for $K^-\pi^0$ rate. Our inclusive study supports our exclusive results., Comment: Minor changes, correct a small bug in Fig. 1(b). Version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

We show that the study of certain observables in the angular distribution in $B\to J/��K^*$ provide clear test for CP vioaltion beyond the Standard Model. These observables vanish in SM, but in models beyond SM some of them can be large enough to be measured at B factories., 7 pages, Revtex

The small P wave compoment of $B\to J/��K^*$ measured by CLEO makes it practical to measure $\sin2��$ using $B^0\to J/��K^{*0}\to J/��K_S ��^0$, independent from $B^0\to J/��K_S$. Because these modes are color suppressed, new physics enhanced color dipole $bsg$ coupling, as hinted from the persistent ${\cal B}_{s.l.}$ and $n_C$ problems as well as the newly observed large semi-inclusive $B\to ��^\prime + X_s$ decay, may have significant impact. We show that it may lead to a difference in the $\sin 2��$ measurements between $B^0\to J/��K_S$ and $J/��K_S ��^0$ measureable at the B Factories in the near future., 11 pages, revtex, no figures

Supersymmetric models with nonuniversal down type squark masses can enrich the chiral structure and CP violating phenomena in $b\to s��$ decays. Direct CP violation in $b\to s ��$, mixing induced CP violation in radiative $B_{d,s}$ decays (such as $B_s\to ����$ and $B_d \to K^*_{1,2}��$), and $��$ polarization in $��_b \to ����$ can be substantially different from the Standard Model. Future experiements at $e^+ e^-$ and hadronic B factories will give important information on the underlying theory for radiative $b$ decays., 19 pages, 8 figures, Latex. To appear in Phys. Rev. D

The recently observed $B^-\to K^- ��^0$, $\bar K^0 ��^-$ and $\bar B^0 \to K^- ��^+$ decay modes appear to have nearly equal branching ratios. This suggests that tree and electroweak penguins play an important role, and inclusion of the latter improves agreement between factorization calculation and experimental data. The value $��$ in the range $90^\circle - 130^\circle$ and $220^\circle - 260^\circle$ is favored, while the $\bar B^0 \to \bar K^0 ��^0$ rate is suppressed. Direct CP violation for $B\to K ��$ modes can be large if final state interaction phases are large., 10 Pages with three figures, RevTex. Revised version to appear in Physical Review Letters

The heaviness of the glueball mass scale is suggested as the source of the OZI rule at low energy. The $J/\psi \to \rho\pi$ decay "anomaly" implies the vector glueball $O$ has mass $m_O \approx m_{J/\psi}$. Such a heavy mass is supported by other glueball studies. Glueball-meson matrix elements turn out to be not suppressed at all at the 1 GeV scale, and a simple and intuitive picture emerges which is consistent with the Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula as well as the measured sign of $\phi$-$\omega$ mixing. The suppression of glueball mediated $\bar q_iq_i \longleftrightarrow \bar q_jq_j$ transitions and the cancellation mechanism in two-step meson rescatterings are viewed as related by duality. Extensions to the $2^{++}$, $3^{--}$ meson sectors, and failure for $0^{\pm +}$ mesons are also discussed., Comment: 13 pages, latex, two eps figures (included)

The experimental hint of large $B\to ��^\prime + X_s$ is linked to the $b\to s$ penguins via the gluon anomaly. Using running $��_s$ in the $��^\prime$-$g$-$g$ coupling, the standard $b\to sg^*$ penguin alone seems insufficient, calling for the need of dipole $b\to sg$ at 10% level from new physics, which could also resolve the ${\cal B}_{s.l.}$ and charm counting problems. The intereference of standard and new physics contributions may result in direct CP asymmetries at 10% level, which could be observed soon at B Factories., 12 pages, revtex, 3 figs. (version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.)