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As people increasingly use social media to read news, fake news has become a major problem for the public and government. One of the main challenges in fake news detection is how to identify them in the early stage of propagation. Another challenge is that detection model training requires large amounts of labeled data, which are often unavailable or expensive to acquire. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Fake News Detection model based on Prompt Tuning (FNDPT). FNDPT first designs a prompt-based template for early fake news detection. This mechanism incorporates contextual information into textual content and extracts relevant knowledge from pre-trained language models. Furthermore, our model utilizes prompt-based tuning to enhance the performance in a few-shot setting. Experimental results on two real-world datasets verify the effectiveness of FNDPT.

Global environmental problems such as pollution of air, water and soil as well as global warming have become obstacles for people to achieve high quality of life. Addressing these environmental problems is a top priority for researchers. As a new two-dimensional (2D) carbon material, graphdiyne (GDY) has been favored in environmental remediation application in recent years. GDY contains sp- and sp2-hybridized carbon atoms, which form benzene rings and diacetylenic linkages (–CC–CC–) in a two-dimensional planar network and endow it with high π-conjugation, unique and tunable electronic properties, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. Notably, the carbon–carbon triple bonds and uniformly distributed triangle pore structure of GDY provide reaction sites and multiple reaction paths due to its chemical decoration. Metal atom or heteroatom-modified GDY-based nanocomposites exhibited excellent performances in CO catalytic oxidation and reduction, adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like HCHO, CO2 catalytic reduction and photodegradation of organic pollutants. Moreover, GDY can also serve as a filter or adsorbent by in situ growing on the surface of substrates like sponges and foams, demonstrating outstanding efficiency for removing heavy metal ions and oils from water. GDY and decorated GDY-based materials will certainly be an emerging star in the field of environmental remediation.

Industrialization has resulted in the rapid increase of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, which have caused serious issues to human health and the environment. In this study, an extensive Cu incorporating TiO2 induced nucleophilic oxygen structure was constructed in the CuTiOx catalyst, which exhibited superior low-temperature catalytic activity for C3H6 combustion. Thorough structural, surface characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the Cu-O-Ti hybridization induced nucleophilic oxygen initiates C3H6 combustion by abstracting the C-H bond. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) results indicated that incorporated copper species acted as the major adsorbent site for the propene molecule. In combination of the DRIFTS and DFT results, the promotion effect of the nucleophilic O on the C-H bond abstraction and CO2 formation pathway was proposed. The surface doping induced nucleophilic oxygen as strong Bronsted basic sites for low-temperature propene combustion exemplified an efficient strategy for rational design of next-generation environmental catalysts.

Activation of O

Stabilized Cu+ species have been widely considered as catalytic active sites in composite copper catalysts for catalytic reactions with industrial importance. However, few examples comprehensively ...

This study aims to arouse students’ interest in physical education (PE) in response to President Xi Jinping’s call to strengthen students’ physical quality because cultural courses occupy PE classes. Problem-based learning (PBL) is introduced, and a new teaching method of PE is proposed based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) in deep learning (DL). This method is employed to teach the experimental subjects in solid ball throwing. The students’ interest, learning ability, and physical quality in the solid ball are investigated by a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire survey shows that the students’ academic performance in solid ball throwing is improved, and their problem-solving ability, group cooperation ability, and theory learning ability are improved. Their time on a 1000-meter long run is shortened, and their body flexibility is improved. Therefore, it is believed that this new teaching method based on DL plays a significant role in improving students’ physical quality.

Cancer has the highest mortality in humans worldwide, and the development of effective drugs remains a key issue. Traditional Chinese medicine Saussurea involucrata (SI) exhibits a series of effects, such as anti-cancer, but the action mechanisms are still unclear. Here, systems pharmacology was applied to reveal its anti-cancer mechanism. First, we screened the active compounds of SI. Then, the compound–target network, target–disease network, and target–pathway network were constructed. DAVID was applied for GOBP analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on cancer-related targets. Seven potential compounds and 187 targets were identified. The target–disease classification network showed that compounds mainly regulated proteins related to cancer, nervous system diseases, and cardiovascular system diseases. Also, SI anti-tumor effect mainly associated with the regulation of NO production, angiogenesis, MAPK, and PKB from GOBP enrichment. Additionally, KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that targets involved in anti-inflammatory action, inhibiting angiogenesis and anti-proliferation or inducing apoptosis. Experimental validation showed that four active compounds could inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis in A549 (except for kaempferol), PC-3, and C6 cells. This study not only provides experimental evidence for further research on SI in cancer treatment but also promotes the development of potential drugs of SI in modern medicine.

High-current density (≥1 A cm-2) is a critical factor for large-scale industrial application of water-splitting electrocatalysts, especially seawater-splitting. However, it still remains a great challenge to reach high-current density due to the lack of active and stable intrinsic catalytic active sites in catalysts. Herein, we report an original three-dimensional self-supporting graphdiyne/molybdenum oxide (GDY/MoO3) material for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction via a rational design of "sp C-O-Mo hybridization" on the interface. The "sp C-O-Mo hybridization" creates new intrinsic catalytic active sites (nonoxygen vacancy sites) and increases the amount of active sites (eight times higher than pure MoO3). The "sp C-O-Mo hybridization" facilitates charge transfer and boosts the dissociation process of H2O molecules, leading to outstanding HER activity with high-current density (>1.2 A cm-2) in alkaline electrolyte and a decent activity and stability in natural seawater. Our results show that high-current density electrocatalysts can be achieved by interfacial chemical bond engineering, three-dimensional structure design, and hydrophilicity optimization.

A process monitoring method based on double-model and multi-subspace vine copula (DMVC) is proposed in this paper. To improve the fault detection performance, process variables are divided into two...

The catalytic total oxidation of short-chain alkanes released from automobile exhausts is still a big challenge in volatile organic compound (VOC) elimination. The significant degradation of catalytic activity after hydrothermal aging is a widely existing issue. Herein, we report a facile one-pot hydrothermal method to successfully grow TiO2–Al2O3 binary nanoarrays on the 3D channel surfaces of ceramic honeycombs. Such a binary nanoarray was heterogeneously integrated on the cordierite honeycomb channel surface with closely separated nanowire arrays of anatase-TiO2 and mesoporous γ-Al2O3, which exhibited excellent robustness under mechanical vibration and thermal and hydrothermal aging. Moreover, propane conversion with the Pt/TiO2–Al2O3 binary nanoarray catalyst rapidly reached 80% at a temperature as low as 224 °C, suggesting that the binary nanoarray catalyst is a promising candidate for practical applications.

Drought is one of the major abiotic stress factors limiting peanut production. It causes the loss of pod yield during the pod formation stage. Here, one previously identified drought-tolerant cultivar, “L422” of peanut, was stressed by drought (35 ± 5%) at pod formation stage for 5, 7, and 9 days. To analyze the drought effects on peanut, we conducted physiological and transcriptome analysis in leaves under well-watered (CK1, CK2, and CK3) and drought-stress conditions (T1, T2, and T3). By transcriptome analysis, 3,586, 6,730, and 8,054 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in “L422” at 5 days (CK1 vs T1), 7 days (CK2 vs T2), and 9 days (CK3 vs T3) of drought stress, respectively, and 2,846 genes were common DEGs among the three-time points. Furthermore, the result of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed one significant module that was closely correlated between drought stress and physiological data. A total of 1,313 significantly up-/down-regulated genes, including 61 transcription factors, were identified in the module at three-time points throughout the drought stress stage. Additionally, six vital metabolic pathways, namely, “MAPK signaling pathway-plant,” “flavonoid biosynthesis,” “starch and sucrose metabolism,” “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,” “glutathione metabolism,” and “plant hormone signal transduction” were enriched in “L422” under severe drought stress. Nine genes responding to drought tolerance were selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification and the results agreed with transcriptional profile data, which reveals the reliability and accuracy of transcriptome data. Taken together, these findings could lead to a better understanding of drought tolerance and facilitate the breeding of drought-resistant peanut cultivars.

Drought is one of the major abiotic stress factors limiting peanut production. It causes the loss of pod yield during the pod formation stage. Here, one previously identified drought-tolerant cultivar, “L422” of peanut, was stressed by drought (35 ± 5%) at pod formation stage for 5, 7, and 9 days. To analyze the drought effects on peanut, we conducted physiological and transcriptome analysis in leaves under well-watered (CK1, CK2, and CK3) and drought-stress conditions (T1, T2, and T3). By transcriptome analysis, 3,586, 6,730, and 8,054 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in “L422” at 5 days (CK1 vs T1), 7 days (CK2 vs T2), and 9 days (CK3 vs T3) of drought stress, respectively, and 2,846 genes were common DEGs among the three-time points. Furthermore, the result of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed one significant module that was closely correlated between drought stress and physiological data. A total of 1,313 significantly up-/down-regulated genes, including 61 transcription factors, were identified in the module at three-time points throughout the drought stress stage. Additionally, six vital metabolic pathways, namely, “MAPK signaling pathway-plant,” “flavonoid biosynthesis,” “starch and sucrose metabolism,” “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,” “glutathione metabolism,” and “plant hormone signal transduction” were enriched in “L422” under severe drought stress. Nine genes responding to drought tolerance were selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification and the results agreed with transcriptional profile data, which reveals the reliability and accuracy of transcriptome data. Taken together, these findings could lead to a better understanding of drought tolerance and facilitate the breeding of drought-resistant peanut cultivars.

Industrialization has resulted in the rapid increase of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, which have caused serious issues to human health and the environment. In this study, an extensive Cu incorporating TiO

Image enhancement is an essential processing for raw infrared images to improve contrast. In this paper, an infrared image enhancement method is proposed to solve the problem of over-enhancement on background in occurrence probability histogram based methods and the problem of uneven enhancement for targets in the saliency weight based method. First, the saliency histogram is constructed, where the bin values of target-related intensity levels are significantly larger than the bin values of background-related intensity levels. According to the value distribution of bins in saliency histogram, the intensity levels with several largest bin values, defined as the salient intensity levels, are segmented. Salient intensity levels are separated further away from non-salient levels to improve the contrast between targets and background. Second, salient intensity levels are divided into groups and each group is related to targets of a certain range of temperatures. Bin values of salient intensity levels are reallocated within each group to keep these intensity levels compact, for the purpose of performing equalized enhancement for targets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better improvement on target-to-background contrast and better visual quality on targets by performing equalized enhancement for targets.

With the rapid development of technology, the continuous progress of communication technology has brought a very serious problem - the shortage of spectrum resources. A large part of the factors that cause the shortage of spectrum resources are related to the original spectrum allocation method. In order to further optimize the benefit of wireless spectrum and network efficiency, this paper proposes an immune parallel artificial bee colony algorithm (IPABCA) to optimize the spectrum allocation efficiency, and uses the classical graph coloring method to calculate the benefit and prove the superiority of group intelligent algorithm in solving the spectrum allocation problem. It can be seen from the simulation results that IPABCA is superior to the original ant colony optimization and particle swarm optimization in terms of total network benefit.

Code-switched emotion detection, a task analyzing the emotion in code-switched texts, has gain increasing research attention within recent years. Prior works utilize various neural models with sophisticated features to pursuit high performance of the task, while they still overlook some crucial characteristics of the code-switched texts. In this work, we present an innovative approach for improving code-switched emotion detection. We first consider a bilingual-view parallel translation for code-switched text enhancement, i.e., translating the code-switched texts into two languages. Then we propose an adversarial dual-channel encoder architecture, where two private encoders take as inputs the parallel texts in two languages, respectively. The private encoders and the shared encoder work collaboratively, and effectively retrieve the features from monolingual and bilingual perspectives under adversarial training. We conduct extensive experiments on five code-switched benchmark datasets. Results show that our model outperforms the strongly-performing baselines that leverage external code-switched or bilingual word embedding with over 1.5% F1 score on the Chinese–English, Spanish–English and Hindi–English code-mixed data, becoming the new state-of-the-art system. Further analyses including ablation, qualitative and error studies, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed encoder for code-switched texts, as well as the bilingual-view parallel translation strategy.

This paper mainly focuses on the application of nanostructured MoO3 materials in both energy and environmental catalysis fields. MoO3 has wide tunability in bandgap, a unique semiconducting structure, and multiple valence states. Due to the natural advantage, it can be used as a high-activity metal oxide catalyst, can serve as an excellent support material, and provide opportunities to replace noble metal catalysts, thus having broad application prospects in catalysis. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the crystal structure and properties of nanostructured MoO3 and highlight the recent significant research advancements in energy and environmental catalysis. Several current challenges and perspective research directions based on nanostructured MoO3 are also discussed.

The activation of molecular oxygen (O2) is extremely crucial in heterogeneous oxidations for various industrial applications. Here, a charge-transfer complex CuTCNQ nanowire (CuTCNQ NW) array grown on the copper foam was first reported to show CO catalytic oxidation activity at a temperature below 200 °C with the activated O2 as an oxidant. The molecular O2 was energetically activated over the Cu(I)-mediated C≡N bond with a lower energy of -1.167 eV and preferentially reduced to •O2- through one-electron transfer during the activation process by density functional theory calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance. The theoretical calculations indicated that the CO molecule was oxidized by the activated O2 on the CuTCNQ NW surface via the Eley-Rideal mechanism, which had been further confirmed by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra. These results indicated that the local C≡N bond electron-state engineering could effectively improve the molecular O2 activation efficiency, which facilitates the low-temperature CO catalytic oxidation. The findings reported here enhance our understanding on the molecular oxygen activation pathway over metal-organic nanocatalysts and provide a new avenue for rational design of novel low-cost, organic-based heterogeneous catalysts.

An efficient method for the synthesis of 4-trifluoromethyl 2-pyrones through the Brønsted base-catalyzed Pechmann-type reaction of cyclic 1,3-diones with ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate is described. In the presence of 2-dimethylamino pyridine (2-DMAP) as a catalyst, the resulting 4-trifluoromethyl 2-pyrones are formed in good to excellent yields. Additionally, the reaction also provides 4-trifluoromethyl 2-pyridones by using the easily available NH4OAc as a source of NH3.

The appearance of complex and biomedical and competitive-based information applications, sports, and other fields with zero-can remote sensors. These areas' junctions were reflected and shown in the methods and applications used for assembly, measurement, and identification of specific central parts determined by the human body. These policies have been proven in various biomedical and sports applications, including diagnostics, recovery, real-time viewing, and implementation of competitors' progress domains. But the two uses have only been described in two areas of study (biomedicine and sports), with the comparative application being sufficient in both, with minor discretion or modification. To speak with the contemporaneity of jobs, have been looking at specific documents that have been scattered over the last six years. In this exciting situation, this review's central criterion is to demonstrate the bulk of the sensor composites and the excellent sensor that focuses on their use and reference, to the disruption of others, without significantly looking at an express system or strategy.

The adhesion of herbicide droplets on leaf surfaces plays an important role in the herbicide's adsorption by crops. How to control the adhesive binding which occurs through dynamic self-assembly between the macroscopic droplet and the surface is a challenging task. We introduce a host onto surfaces that controls the binding of guests in the paraquat droplets. The pillar[5]arene-functional surface showed the selective binding of paraquat droplets via the host-guest interaction. The work is promising for improving the efficiency of herbicides.

Drugs1 can affect each other's activities such as synerigistic or antagonistic respectively, when they are administered together. It is called drug-drug interaction(DDI). This paper proposes a structured perceptron model for joint extraction of drug entities and DDIs. The experiment result shows that the joint model alleviate the error propagation between the two steps of the extraction of drug entity and DDI. Our experimental results outperform the pipeline approach's.

This paper mainly focuses on the application of nanostructured MoO3 materials in both energy and environmental catalysis fields. MoO3 has wide tunability in bandgap, a unique semiconducting structure, and multiple valence states. Due to the natural advantage, it can be used as a high-activity metal oxide catalyst, can serve as an excellent support material, and provide opportunities to replace noble metal catalysts, thus having broad application prospects in catalysis. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the crystal structure and properties of nanostructured MoO3 and highlight the recent significant research advancements in energy and environmental catalysis. Several current challenges and perspective research directions based on nanostructured MoO3 are also discussed.

The activation of molecular oxygen (O

Comprehend the importance of using different nutritional foods for different track and field items, so as to improve the competition ability and overall quality of track and field athletes in practical training in a better way. Mainly the method of literature reading and sorting, questionnaire survey and analysis summary are adopted. Investigate the using status of nutritional foods for different track and field items, analyze existing problems combining pertinent literature and summarize the influence of rational use of nutritional foods on different track and field items. Currently, use of nutritional foods for track and field athletes is rational. Physical quality of track and field athletes can only be improved by absorbing more nutritional dairy foods, as well as nutritional fruits and vegetables.

In the current study, we introduced a novel polystyrene/graphene (PS/G) composite nanofiber film for thin film microextraction (TFME) for the first time. The PS/G nanofiber film was fabricated on the surface of filter paper by a facile electrospinning method. The morphology and extraction performance of the resultant composite film were investigated systematically. The PS/G nanofiber film exhibited porous fibrous structure, large surface area and strong hydrophobicity. A new thin film microextraction-high performance liquid chromatography (TFME-HPLC) method was developed for the determination of six aldehydes in human exhaled breath condensates. The method showed high enrichment efficiency and fast analysis speed. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the analytes were in the range of 0.02-30 μmol L(-1) with correlation coefficients above 0.9938, and the recoveries were between 79.8% and 105.6% with the relative standard deviation values lower than 16.3% (n=5). The limits of quantification of six aldehydes ranged from 13.8 to 64.6 nmol L(-1). The established method was successfully applied for the quantification of aldehyde metabolites in exhaled breath condensates of lung cancer patients and healthy people. Taken together, the TFME-HPLC method provides a simple, rapid, sensitive, cost-effective, non-invasion approach for the analysis of linear aliphatic aldehydes in human exhaled breath condensates.

A novel chemosensor for Methylene Green (MG) based on naphthalene-appended calix[4]arene (NAC4) clicking surface has been reported. Multisignaling changes were observed through fluorescence spectroscopy (FL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and contact angle (CA). The impedance reduced and contact angle changes from hydrophobic to hydrophilic when the NAC4 functional interface treated with MG. Meanwhile, FL intensity of NAC4 was decreased obviously. The proposed optical-electrochemical-wettability sensing devices display a remarkable specificity, intuitive and convenient method for MG detection, which provided a new opportunity for the production of MG recognition chips that can be used in the fields of biology and environmental monitoring.

4-Amino-3-mercaptobenzoic acid (AMBA) functionalized gold nanoparticles were synthesized through reduction reaction and the resulting gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 4-Amino-3-mercaptobenzoic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles have a cooperative effect on recognition of cyhalothrin with distinct changes both in color and absorption properties over other pesticides tested. The detection system presents excellent anti-disturbance ability and can be applied to the determination of cyhalothrin in real different water samples such as Yangtze River water sample and East Lake water samples with the limit of colorimetric detection (LOD) of 0.75 μM. Besides, a test strip, based on AMBA-functionalized gold nanoparticles for cyhalothrin detection, has been developed, optimized and validated. The developed colorimetric mercury sensor system exhibited a highly sensitive and selective response to cyhalothrin.

Three quantum dots (QDs) nanofluids modified with different lengths of PEG chainsare synthesized, and the property-structure relationship of QDs nanofluids is established, to achieve QDs nanofluids with tunable fluidic or optical performance. Notably, the proposed QDs nanofluids demonstrate a selective response towards Cu(2+)-based on both fluorescence and contact angle.

Based on the function of high performance DSP analog-digital converter (ADC) and pulse width modulator (PWM), a general digital PID control Buck converter is designed. Based on design of main circuit, the basic principle of PID control algorithm based on PWM is discussed in detail. Through the analysis of the PWM generation mode by DSP and PID control algorithm, a universal digital PID controller is designed. Then a prototype of digital control Buck converter based on PWM is constructed. On one hand, static tests showed that static value of the output voltage changes very little in the presence of input voltage and load change of Buck converter. On the other hand, dynamic tests showed that its output voltage fluctuation peak is small when Buck converter input voltage and load fast changes, and can recover quickly. Experiments showed that the proposed system is high accuracy, fast dynamic response and robustness.

A photoreversible switch based on a photoresponsive host–guest system consisting of dimethylamino calix[4]arene L and 4-(phenylazo)benzoic acid (O) is reported. The host L exhibited selective binding and release of O on UV and visible irradiation at 450 and 365 nm, respectively. Moreover, the photoresponsive host–guest complex was applied as a photocontrolled wettability switch on a functional micro/nanostructured silicon surface, and is thus promising for applications in sensors and microfluidic devices.

The fluorination of hyperbranched polyurethane (HPU) was achieved by atom transfer radical grafting polymerization (ATRgP) of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate that was initiated from 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide-modified end groups of HPU. The nanofibrous membrane of fluorinated HPU was prepared by electrospinning. The structure of fluorinated HPU was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H NMR). The surface of nanofibrous membrane was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle (WCA) analysis, respectively. The results suggested that compared with the reported linear fluorine-containing polyurethane materials, rather high fluorine content up to 29.14% was achieved on the surface of fluorinated HPU nanofibrous membrane. Meanwhile, a superhydrophobic surface (WCA 159.7°) with high adhesion to water was successfully fabricated via a convenient electrospinning process. The prepared material is promising for the application in microfluidic devices.

This work reports a study of protein adsorption and cell adhesion on binary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols with terminal perfluoroalkyl (PFA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) chains in varying ratios. The surface chemistry of the SAMs was characterized by contact angle measurement, grazing angle infrared spectroscopy (GIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the effect on protein adsorption was investigated by surface plasmon resonance, GIR, and immunosorbent assay. Hela cell adhesion on these surfaces was also studied by fluorescence microscopy. Results reveal that, compared to OEG, PFA tended to be a higher fraction of the composition in SAM than in the assembly solution. More interestingly, the nearly 38% PFA SAM had a strong antifouling property whereas the 74% PFA SAM showed a high adsorption capacity to protein and cell. The binary PFA/OEG SAMs were favorable for maintaining the fibrinogen conformation, hence its high activity. The findings may have important implications for constructing PFA-containing surfaces with the distinct properties that is highly resistant or highly favorable toward protein adsorption and cell adhesion.

Video surveillance becomes more and more popular as it is a high-tech method to protect personal safety and public property. Recently it is not the privilege of police and common people can view videos of many public places lively or by on-demand way. Traditional client-server based video streaming solutions incur expensive bandwidth provision cost on the server and are not scale well. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming is a new paradigm to build distributed networking video surveillance applications. Recently, several P2P-TV systems have been deployed to provide live and on-demand video streaming services on the Internet at low server cost. But it is seldom to use p2p streaming in video surveillance. In this paper, we provide the design of large scale video surveillance system client based on p2p streaming. Given the particularity of video surveillance, such as high churn and the heterogeneity of user access network and delay-tolerant, we construct the end-hosts into mesh application layer topology and adopt pull-push mode to delivery the data. Based on test on our previous implement of e-Touch video surveillance system, it shows that it is feasibly to realize video client using p2p streaming technology and simulation results shows single streaming media server can support tens of thousands of users simultaneously participating in the system.

frequent pattern mining plays an essential role in association rule mining, which has been a focused theme in data mining research for over the past 15 years. Since the pioneering work of Agrawal, abundant literature has been dedicated to this research. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the current status of frequent pattern mining and discuss a few promising research directions.

The computational complexity of H.264 video coding standard is two or three times higher than that of H.263 and MPEG-4. Especially, the operations of the entropy coding and deblocking filter are the most complex parts in the decoder. In order to reduce the computational complexity of these operations, we propose a fast algorithm for H.264 decoder implementation, which containing a group-based CAVLC decoding method for H.264 entropy code-tables and an optimized pre-judging Bs method for H.264 deblocking filter to reduce the computational complexity. The computer simulation results indicate that the entropy decode algorithm can decrease 82.3%∼87.9% decoding time than the original H.264 reference software and the improved deblocking filter algorithm can decrease 69.4%∼76.9% computing time compared to the original H.264 reference software.

SAR simulation imaging may be useful for several purposes, and this paper focuses on the use of SAR image simulation for accuracy analysis of image aid navigation in natural scene. However, natural scenes are more complicated including randomly and anisotropic distributed. So the anisotropic fBm interpolation mold was proposed via improving fBm method for obtaining a more accurate matrix of the DEM data. On the basis of high-resolution DEM data, an approach was presented to SAR imaging simulation for comprehensive scenarios, which takes account scattering, shadowing and the layover. In the simulation experiment, this algorithm was successfully implemented on producing SAR simulation imaging, and can satisfy the requirements of accuracy analysis in SAR aid navigation system.