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著者人数: 25名, Accepted: 2018-02-26, 資料番号: SA1180051000

形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Accepted: 2018-07-10, 資料番号: PA1910053000

Figure S1. Selection and identification of Pi54 alleles using primer set Pi54 MAS. Figure S2. Alignment of the divergent regions from Sasanishiki and Nipponbare. Figure S3. Detection of divergent structures at the Pi54 locus in modern O. sativa cultivars. Figure S4. DNA sequences of Pi54 alleles. Figure S5. Alignment of Helitron-N91 and the 143â bp insertion in Nipponbare. Table S1. Primer sets for PCR amplification. Table S2. Primer sets for identification of Nipponbare and Sasanishiki type species. Table S3 Primers for sequencing. Table S4. Primers for sequencing the genes flanking the 25,061â bp region in Sasanishiki. Accession codes. Sequence data of Sasanishiki the Pi54 locus. Table S5. Transposable elements in the flanking regions of Pi54, #5, #10 and #11. Table S6. Genes Orthologous to a mobile unit on chromosome 1 in Oryza species. (PDF 1280 kb)

Skeletal muscle wasting is a major obstacle for long-term space exploration. Similar to astronauts, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans displays negative muscular and physical effects when in microgravity in space. It remains unclear what signaling molecules and behavior(s) cause these negative alterations. Here we studied key signaling molecules involved in alterations of C. elegans physique in response to fluid dynamics in ground-based experiments. Placing worms in space on a 1G accelerator increased a myosin heavy chain, myo-3, and a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), dbl-1, gene expression. These changes also occurred when the fluid dynamic parameters viscosity/drag resistance or depth of liquid culture were increased on the ground. In addition, body length increased in wild type and body wall cuticle collagen mutants, rol-6 and dpy-5, grown in liquid culture. In contrast, body length did not increase in TGF-β, dbl-1, or downstream signaling pathway, sma-4/Smad, mutants. Similarly, a D1-like dopamine receptor, DOP-4, and a mechanosensory channel, UNC-8, were required for increased dbl-1 expression and altered physique in liquid culture. As C. elegans contraction rates are much higher when swimming in liquid than when crawling on an agar surface, we also examined the relationship between body length enhancement and rate of contraction. Mutants with significantly reduced contraction rates were typically smaller. However, in dop-4, dbl-1, and sma-4 mutants, contraction rates still increased in liquid. These results suggest that neuromuscular signaling via TGF-β/DBL-1 acts to alter body physique in response to environmental conditions including fluid dynamics., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: PA1610037000

著者人数：16名, 資料番号: SA1000168000

著者人数: 14名, 資料番号: SA1003608000

著者人数: 12名, Accepted: 2012-04-26, 資料番号: SA1004348000