1. Regional and socio-economic differences in food, nutrient and supplement intake in school-age children in Germany: results from the GINIplus and the LISAplus studies
- Author
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Sausenthaler, S., Standl, M., Buyken, A., Rzehak, P., Koletzko, S., Bauer, C.P., Schaaf, B., von Berg, A., Berdel, D., Borte, M., Herbarth, O., Lehmann, I., Krämer, U., Wichmann, H.-E., Heinrich, J., GINIplus Study Group (Heinrich, J., Schoetzau, A., Poescu, M., Mosetter, M., Schindler, J., Franke, K., Laubereau, B., Thaqi, A., Zirngibl, A., Zutavern, A.), LISAplus Study Group (Heinrich, J., Bolte, G., Belcredi, P., Jacob, B., and Höhnke, A.
- Subjects
Male ,Parents ,Cross-sectional study ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Logistic regression ,Interviews as Topic ,Food Preferences ,Nutrient ,Germany ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Environmental health ,Vegetables ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Prospective cohort study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Confounding ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Diet ,Children ,Regional differences ,Socio-economic determinants ,Feeding Behavior ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Geography ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Fruit ,Dietary Supplements ,Population study ,Female ,Energy Intake ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
ObjectiveTo describe regional differences between eastern and western Germany with regard to food, nutrient and supplement intake in 9–12-year-old children, and analyse its association with parental education and equivalent income.DesignData were obtained from the 10-year follow-up of the two prospective birth cohort studies – GINIplus and LISAplus. Data on food consumption and supplement intake were collected using an FFQ, which had been designed for the specific study population. Information on parental educational level and equivalent income was derived from questionnaires. Logistic regression modelling was used to analyse the effect of parental education, equivalent income and region on food intake, after adjusting for potential confounders.SettingGermany.SubjectsA total of 3435 children aged 9–12 years.ResultsSubstantial regional differences in food intake were observed between eastern and western Germany. Intakes of bread, butter, eggs, pasta, vegetables/salad and fruit showed a significant direct relationship with the level of parental education after adjusting for potential confounders, whereas intakes of margarine, meat products, pizza, desserts and soft drinks were inversely associated with parental education. Equivalent income had a weaker influence on the child's food intake.ConclusionsNutritional education programmes for school-age children should therefore account for regional differences and parental education.
- Published
- 2011