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Saudi journal of biological sciences 29(1), 190-196 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.072, Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

This study evaluated the in- vitro antioxidant, phytochemical constituents and hepato-renal protective efficacy of Senna siamea methanolic extract in arsenic-induced oxidative stress. The results of this study show that S. siamea has strong antioxidant potentials against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’azinobis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acids) (ABTS) radicals. The extract scavenges nitric oxide radicals and has strong ferric reducing power. It also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration of arsenic to rats induced a significant increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and triglycerides in the plasma, while it decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase activities in the liver and kidney. It also significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet and lymphocytes in the blood. However, rats pretreated with S. siamea extract before arsenic administration significantly reversed all these arsenic-induced changes. Histological observations showed varying degrees of liver damage in the arsenic group that was un­treated, while the pre-treatment with S. siamea extract significantly improved the general histoarchitecture of the liver. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined, the gas-chromatography analysis revealed the possible presence of oxalic acid, barakol, kaempferol, betulin while total phenolics content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre are in considerable amount in the plant This study demonstrated that S. siamea extract has antioxidant potentials and ameliorates arsenic-induced hepato-renal toxicity, the effectiveness of S. siamea as a medicinal plant could be due to the presence of various phenolics and antioxidant compounds in the plant.

The effect of garlic supplementation on zootechnical performance and hepato-renal functions of rabbits exposed to experimental nitrate poisoning was evaluated. Adult male 6-8 week-old albino rabbits (n= 24) were randomly divided into four groups (A - D) and subjected to nitrate intoxication through the oral administration of sodium nitrate solution at 2 ml/kg bodyweight per day for 40 days. Group A was a control that received no treatment except sodium nitrate. Rabbits in groups B and C were treated with 1% methylene blue solution (2 mg/kg bodyweight per day) and aqueous garlic extract (500 mg/kg bodyweight per day) through intraperitoneal and oral routes, respectively. Rabbits in group D were treated with both 1% methylene blue solution (2 mg/kg bodyweight per day, intraperitoneally) and aqueous garlic extract (500 mg/kg bodyweight per day, orally). On completion of the treatment period, the groups were compared in growth performance, biochemical profile and histopathological changes of hepato-renal tissues. Although the total feed consumption of the groups remained comparable, Group C showed relatively better weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Likewise, garlic extract significantly increased the serum bilirubin concentration and reduced the level of other biochemical attributes in comparison with control animals. The hepatic and renal tissues of Groups C and D remained normal, whereas those of the control group exhibited distinct histopathological alterations. It was concluded that garlic supplementation ameliorated the deleterious effects of nitrate intoxication on production performance and hepato-renal functions of rabbits.

Background: Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol) is the most frequently used over-the counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Conversely, its overdose leads to both liver and kidney damage. Several scientific reports have focused majorly on protective effects of medicinal plants on APAP –induced hepato-renal-toxicity. actually, there is a dearth of work on the hepato-renal-curative effects of the herbal drugs supplements on APAP induced toxicity. Aims: In the present study, Aloe vera (ALOV) gel versus Moringa oleifera (MORN) leaf supplement effects was evaluated curatively against Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepato- renal-toxicity. Study Design: This study was an experimental study in the Animal House of the Department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt. The work lasted for 7 days. Methodology: Twenty adult wistar rats weighing 185-220 g were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) animals each and treated orally as follows: group 1(normal control) received distilled water (7days), group 2 received 1 g/kg acetaminophen (APAP) (2 days), whereas group 3-4 received APAP (2 days) followed by 500 mg/kg of ALOV and MORN supplements respectively for 5 days. At the end of the experiment, animals from different groups were anaesthesized, the liver and kidney tissues were dissected and blood collected subjected to different biochemical, antioxidants, and histopathological test. Statistical Analysis: was done using One-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s Post-hoc Test. Results: APAP caused significant (P

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the current global public health concern. Till date no specific, effective, and approved treatment available. With the rapid increase in rate of infection, repurposing use of anti- viral like remdesivir and favipiravir were considered as an option to find the promising anti-COVID therapeutics. In this study, we aim to observe hepato-renal safety concerns related to these drugs. Method: A retrospective study done from May 17 to September 9, 2020 on total 1348 hospital records. 182 patients were included in the study, devided into two groups who recieved remdesivir only (RO) and favipiravir only (FO). Result: Mean age of respective groups are 59.42 (RO) and 54.64 (FO). Average duration of hospital stay was 11 to 12 days. Mortality rate (28.39%) was higher in RO group. Mean± SD of both ALT (70.65± 50.25) and AST (62.25± 25.46) level was increased in RO group than FO group. On the other hand, Blood urea (56.67± 38.40) and serum creatinine (01.70± 02.41) level was higher in FO group. Hematuria was absent in both group, proteinuria was also unremarkable. Conclusion: In patients with Covid-19 receive remdesivir and favipiravir, showed elevation in the level of hepato- renal markers.

Background: Acetaminophen toxicity is one of the widespread causes of both planned and unplanned health related issues in the world today. It is a familiar cause of liver and kidney damage particularly in adolescents and children. Aims: With the growing focus in the mitigating and therapeutic roles of herbal drugs in toxicity studies, it is perceptible to investigate the comparative, prophylactic and curative effect of the ginger supplement on acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney damage using wistar rats as model. Methodology: Study Design: Twenty (20) adult male wistar rats weighing185 g-220 g was obtained from animal house of the department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt were divided into four groups having five rats each. Methodology: Twenty adult wistar rats were divided into four (4) groups of five animals each and treated orally as follows: Group A (normal control) received distilled water (7days), group B received 1000mg/kg acetaminophen (APAP) (2 days). Group C Ginger (GINE+APAP) received ginger supplements 500mg/kg respectively one hour before administration of APAP for 7 days, whereas group D received APAP (2 days) followed by 500mg/kg Ginger for 5 days (APAP+GINE). At the end of the experiment, animals from different groups were anaesthesized, blood samples collected, liver and kidney tissues dissected and subjected to different biochemical, antioxidants, and histopathological test. Statistical: Analysis was done using One Way Anova and Tukey’s Post-hoc Test. Results: APAP caused significant (P

Background: Recently, many drugs have been developed and used for the treatment of hepatic and renal diseases. Nutmeg apart from being utilized as kitchen spices in Nigeria has also been used for healing and medicinal purposes. Aims: In the present study, nutmeg supplement was evaluated against Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepato- renal-toxicity. Study Design: Twenty (20) adult wistar rats weighing185-220 were obtained from animal house of the department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt were divided into four groups having 5 rats each (n=5). Methodology: The animals were divided into four groups of 5 rats each: Group A (normal control) were administered distilled water, group B (negative control) received a single dose of acetaminophen (1000 mg/kg) for two days. Group C received 500 mg/kg body weight of nutmeg supplement one hour before receiving 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen, while group D received acetaminophen (1000 mg/kg) only on day 1 and 2 and the drug extracts on day 3-7. All dosage was dissolved in distilled water orally. The experiment lasted for seven days. Twenty four hours after drugs administrations the animals in each group were anaesthetized. Blood samples were collected and animals sacrificed, liver and kidney tissues removed for various histopathological, biochemistry, antioxidant and haematological examinations using standard procedures. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Tukey poc-hoc Test. Results: Administration of nutmeg supplement orally effectively restrained APAP-induced alterations in the activities of hepatic (48.60-38.00) and renal markers and Antioxidant enzymes in liver (0.43-0.53). The hepatic and renal architecture of APAP administered rats showed distorted liver and kidney tissues, hepatic vacuolations, destroyed glomerular and renal tubules. Nutmeg+APAP as well as APAP+ Nutmeg administrations were able to ameliorate the effects of APAP administration. Conclusion: The result indicated that APAP overdosed is hepato-renal- toxic and Nutmeg supplement possessed hepato-prote-curative properties as well as renal-prote-curative properties against APAP-induced damage in rats.

The study was performed to investigate the prophylactic role of Saussurea costus roots in the functional and histological changes caused by diazinon in the liver and kidneysin chickens. 18 chickens were used of Arbor Acres strain at 54 days of age and 1300-1500 gm average of body weight was used for this purpose. The birds were divided into 3 groups equally (6chicken in each groups), Group 1: served as a control negative received distilled water 1 ml. Group 2: served as a positive control group, received diazinon at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day. Group 3: were given an ethanolic extractof Saussurea costus at dose 300 mg/kg, then after one hour administrated diazinon at the dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day, this group served as a prophylactic group. The doses were given orally once daily for 4 weeks.The results of group 2 showed clinical signs such as ruffled feathers, salivation, diarrhea, breathing from the mouth, teary eyes, drooping of wings. The body weights of the chickens and weights of the liver and kidneys of group 2 significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared with groups 1 and 3. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, total protein, albumin, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while a significant increase (p≤0.05) in heterophil, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and MDA compared with group 1. The gross examination of the liver and kidney of group 2 were pale, easily crumbles and smaller than that of group 1. Histopathological changes of the liver of group 2 including congested and dilated central vein, vacuolated cytoplasm of hepatocytes, focal necrotic tissue filled with inflammatory cells, thickening of the bile duct, thickening wall of the portal artery. fibroblast in portal area, dilated sinusoid. Histopathological changes of the kidney including dilatation of renal tubule, hemorrhage, and atrophy in the glomerulus. we concluded that administration of ethanolic extractof Saussurea costus resulted in amelioration of the morphological changes in diazinon treated chickens, improved parameters and restored the parameters to near normal compared with group 1. These results revealed that Saussurea costus roots acts as an antioxidant substance and has a hepatic and renoprotective effect against toxicity induced by diazinon.

We investigated the protective effect of green tea on diabetic hepato-renal complications. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: normal control, diabetic control, glibenclamide-treated, green tea-treated, and combined therapy-treated groups; ethical approval number "BERC-014-01-20." After eight weeks, animals were sacrificed by CO

Aims: The current study was developed to investigate the influence of ginger (G), ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) and ginger nano-base (GNB) on hepato-renal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats in comparison with silymarin (SM). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University. Methodology: Fifty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Group (1): Rats received distilled water orally and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with single dose of corn oil (1 ml/kg b.wt). Group (2): Rats were injected with single dose of CCl4 diluted with corn oil (1:1) (1 ml/kg b.wt. i.p.) at the 4th week of experiment. Groups (3), (4) and (5): Rats were orally received 50 mg /kg b.wt./day of G, GNPs and GNB, respectively for 8 weeks and injected with CCl4 as group 2. Group (6): Rats were orally received 100 mg /kg b.wt /day of SM for 8 weeks and injected with CCl4 as group 2. Results: Our results documented that injection with CCl4 caused significant increase (p

Adverse drug reactions are unavoidable risk factors allied with use of modern medicines. First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) contribute to diverse pathological complications lead to severe oxidative stress and cause hepato-renal injury. This study was designed to investigate protective potential of naringenin to limit ATDs (combination of pyrazinamide, ethambutol, isoniazid and rifampicin) induced hepato-renal injury. The dose of ATDs was converted from human dose into rat dose and three different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) of naringenin was administered conjointly through oral route on alternate days for 8 weeks and every Sunday was a rest day. One-way ANOVA (P≤0.05) followed by Tukey’s post hoc HSD test determined statistical significance. Results indicated significant increase in IL-6, triglycerides, cholesterol, bilirubin but depletion in IGF-1, albumin and glucose in serum after exposure to ATDs. Lipid peroxidation in microsomes and CYP2E1 enzyme activity was also increased significantly whereas, a severe depletion of endogenous antioxidants including GR, GPx and G-6-PDH was observed. Ultra-structural observations of liver and kidney showed marked deviation in plasma membranes of various cellular and sub-cellular organelles. Conjoint treatment of naringenin counteracted ATDs induced toxic manifestations by regulating IL-6, IGF-1, biochemical and ultra-structural integrity in a dose dependent manner. Naringenin also inhibited the depletion of CYP2E1 enzyme as it provided help for biotransformation of ATDs. These findings demonstrated that naringenin provided protection against ATDs induced hepato-renal injury by balancing oxidative stress and inflammation via upregulating antioxidant enzymes.

Liver and kidney diseases are becoming order of the day in both developed and developing countries as a result of environmental pollutants such as lead. Restorative activities of methanol and methanol/acetone phenolic-rich extracts (MPR and MAPR, respectively) of theN. latifoliafruit (NLF) on lead acetate-induced liver and kidney damaged were assessed in Wistar rats. The antioxidant activities of both phenolic-rich extracts of NLF were also carried out using standard methods. Seven groups of Wistar rats comprising of 5 rats each were used for the study and 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw.) of lead acetate solution was administered orally to the 6 groups of animals to induce liver and kidney damage. The high and low dosages of 300 and of 150 mg/kg body weight (bw.) of both MPR and MAPR were administered orally to four groups for 14 days along positive (100 mg/kg bw. of silymarin), negative (treated with the placebo) and naïve control (non-induced). The percentage DPPH radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power and percentage inhibition of lipid peroxidation show high antioxidants activities dose-dependently. Furthermore, administration of lead acetate significantly (p > 0.05) reduces the weight gain and elevates the liver and kidney relative weight as well as their respective damage biomarkers with distortions in their histologies. However, treatment with MPR and MAPR resulted in significant (p p N. latifoliafruit can be exploited further for drug development for the management kidney and liver damage arise from lead-induced toxicity.

To decrease the Vicia faba beans cooking time, some chefs added ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) during the cooking process. This study addressed the effect of sub-acute and chronic administrations of faba bean's cooking media containing EDTA (C.M./EDTA) on hepato-renal functions in mice. Ninety male mice were divided into three groups (n = 30). The group 1 (Gp1) divided into Gp1a and Gp1b, both were served as control for sub-acute and sub-chronic treatments. Gp2 divided into Gp2a and Gp2b then administered with 200 µl of C.M. for 15 and 90 days, respectively. Gp3 divided into Gp3a and Gp3b then administered 200 µl of C.M./EDTA (10 mg/kg) for 15 and 90 days, respectively. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations were investigated. The results showed that sub-acute administration of C.M./EDTA did not show any signs of toxicity, however, sub-chronic administration showed substantial toxicity evidenced by alterations in some biochemical and histological investigations.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) causes severe side effects. Phoenix dactylifera L. showed biomedical values. This study aims to address the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of Phoenix dactylifera seeds extract (PDSE) effects on CTX-induced hepato-renal toxicities in mice. Forty male albino mice were divided into four groups: Gp 1 was served as a negative control, Gp2 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with PDSE (200 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. Gp3 was injected with CTX single dose (200 mg/kg) and Gp4 was injected with CTX then injected with PDSE. Hematological, biochemical, histopathological alterations, and gene expression for pro-inflammatory cytokine were assessed. GC-MS analysis showed the highest percentages of the peak areas were by Ethyl iso-allocholate, 1-Heptatriacotanol, and 9-12-15-Octadecatrienoic acid 2-3-dihydroxypropyl ester. Treatment with PDSE post-CTX-injection ameliorated the hematological, biochemical, and histological alterations by up-regulating the antioxidant biomarkers and downregulating tumor growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1), nuclear factor Kappa-beta (NFκ-β), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) genes.

Background and Objective: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is identified as an Accent that is used in the food industry as a flavour enhancer with an umami taste that intensifies the meaty, savoury flavour of food. The present study aimed at evaluating the protective and ameliorative role of rocket seeds extract against monosodium glutamate-induced hepatic renal toxicity and oxidative stress in the male rat. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 male adult albino rats were equally divided into six groups (G1, Control; G2, rocket seeds (RS); G3, ACCENT or MSG; G4, Co- treated (RS+MSG); G5, Post- treated (MSG+RS); G6, Self-treated MSG). Results: Current results revealed that; a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, AFP, Urea, Creatinine, potassium ions, chloride ions, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL levels in MSG as compared to control and RS groups. In contrast; a significant decrease in serum albumin, total proteins, catalase, GSH and SOD in liver and kidney homogenates in MSG as compared to control and RS groups. Co- or post-treatment of MSG with rocket seeds improved this change in liver and kidney functions, with best results for co-treatment than post and self-treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the misuse of monosodium glutamate may contribute to continuous hepatic and renal damage. This shows that the desired dose of monosodium glutamate can safely be used with grapes seed in improving hepatic and renal damage in monosodium glutamate in young rats.

El presente trabajo de investigación clínica referente al Síndrome Cardio Renal (SCR), se ha realizado en elServicio de Nefrología y la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo de la Clínica Padre Luis Tezza, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2013-2019. Se presenta la experiencia clínica en el manejo de los protocolos diagnósticos terapéuticos implementados y los resultados obtenidos en 15 pacientes agrupados en ternas; por cada uno de los cinco grupos acorde con los conceptos actuales vigentes de la última década en el contexto internacional. Se describe el aspecto epidemiológico, la patogenia en su recíproca interacción aguda o crónica entre las fallas: cardíaca, renales y los procesos sistémicos que también afectan ambos órganos en este síndrome. Se hace una exhaustiva revisión de la fisiopatología en sus aspectoshemodinámicos, las alteraciones en los marcadores o sistemas neurohormonales, las lesiones inflamatorias de los órganos blanco de este SCR y su interacción con afecciones sistémicas que lo comprometen: como la diabetes mellitus, el síndrome hepato renal, el cáncer, el trasplante renal, entre otras. Se comunican los resultados y las conclusiones obtenidas y se recomienda la necesidad imperiosa de formar un comité integrado cardiorenal que fortalezca los futuros ensayos cardiorenales, integre las necesidades clínicas y fomente las futuras investigaciones en este campo importante.

The present study was conducted to compare between the protective effect of either garlic or vitamin E (Vit E) against hepatic and renal damage induced by 100mg/ kg linezolid (LNZ) administration. Thirty male albino rats were allocated into equal six groups; first three control groups; (control, tween 80 and olive oil); Group4; received 100mg LNZ / kg for 14 consecutive days. The last two groups were administered either garlic (500 mg/kg) or Vit E (100 mg/kg) prior to LNZ administration daily for 14 consecutive days. Blood samples were obtained from all rats for biochemical investigations and oxidative stress biomarkers. Specimens from liver and kidneys were excised for histopathological investigation. Linezolid induced a significant elevation in serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urea. Alterations in antioxidant / oxidant status were noticed during LNZ administration. Administration of garlic or Vit E modulated the previous parameters and restored histological structures. In conclusion, both garlic and Vit E were able to ameliorate hepato-renal alterations induced by LNZ via their antioxidant effects.

Melamine and its analogues are illegally added to falsify the content of protein in food products. The elevated concentrations of these compounds cause harmful effects in humans and animals. In this contribution, the potential ability of synthesized starch-stabilized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs@starch) towards inhibiting the toxicity of melamine on the liver and kidneys has been systematically investigated. The Se-NPs@starch were characterized by XPS analysis, EDS mapping analysis, TEM, and FT-IR. Starch plays a crucial role in the stabilization and dispersion of Se NPs, as noticed from the TEM and EDS investigations. Furthermore, the atomic ratio of Se distribution over starch surface is approximately 1.67%. To evaluate the activity of Se-NPs@starch, this study was conducted on four groups of adult male rats. Group I (the control group), group II received Se-NPs@starch, group III received melamine, whereas group IV received melamine and Se-NPs@starch. The results reveal a significant alteration in the histoarchitecture of both hepatic and renal tissues induced by melamine. While melamine induces severe toxic effects on the hepatic and renal tissues, the administration of Se-NPs@starch results in remarkable protection of rats against melamine-induced toxicity. Collectively, the affordable starch-stabilized Se-NPs have a potent biological activity, making them auspicious candidates for biomedical applications.

The growing number of diabetes coupled with the harsh side effects of some synthetic drugs has led to the increasing search for alternative medicine which are relatively cheap with minimum side effects. Objective: To investigate the anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya and Psidium guajava extracts separately and in combination, and the effect of treatment on hepato-renal performance. Methods: Papaya and guava leaves were macerated in 98% ethanol for extraction. Results: The result showed that ethanolic leaf extract of P. guajava and C. papaya significantly (P< 0.05) reduced blood glucose level, Total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) as compared to diabetic control group. Serum activities of liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was slightly elevated that indicate hepatotoxic nature of plant extracts. The level of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin and HbA1C level were restored to normal range. A slight reduction in body weight (P>0.05) of treated groups was observed. Serum urea and creatinine concentration was restored to normal level in treated rats with regeneration of kidney function. Conclusions: The study concluded that individual and combined plant extract show anti-hyperglycemic effect but the combined remedy at this dose show hepatotoxicity.

The study was designed to clarify the hepato-renal protective effects of propolis extract against heavy metals-induced toxicity via oral administration to the males of albino rats. Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), and Antimony (Sb) are toxic heavy metals have the ability to produce reactive radicals in the biological systems causing public and animals health hazards through disrupting balances between pro-oxidant and antioxidant defense system, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The most commonly affected organs are liver and kidney. Propolis is a natural product with different shapes and resinous substance collected by honey bees, it attenuates many diseases damage due to its anti-oxidative action and its potentiality to minimize the deleterious effects of free radicals on tissues. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni and Sb as well as the activities of antioxidants endogenous enzymes including; glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were all determined in the tissues of liver and kidney; while aspartate transaminase (ASAT), alanine transaminase (ALAT), total protein (TP), urea and createnine, were measured in the serum of experimental rats beside histopathologicl examination in the tissues of liver and kidney. The oral administration of propolis provided a significantly therapeutic role against multi-metals-induced hepato-renal toxicity with relative improving to histopathological changes because of its scavenging and chelating properties as concluded from the present investigation.

The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic value of the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD)-XI score in patients undergoing PMVR with the MitraClip system.MELD-XI score, which was originally developed for prognostic assessment in patients with advanced liver disease, has been reported as a predictor of outcome in heart failure patients.A total of 192 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) were included into final analysis. MELD-XI score was calculated on the day of the procedure and patients were categorized into three groups based on MELD-XI score and compared with regards to clinical characteristics and outcomes following PMVR.MELD-XI 12 was associated with male gender, higher logistic EuroSCORE, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, enlarged right ventricular end-diastolic diameter, degree of mitral regurgitation, increased NT-proBNP serum levels and elevated right atrial pressures. Youden-Index revealed a cutoff of 16 in the MELD-XI score as best predictor of one-year all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test confirmed increased one-year mortality in patients with critically high score above 16 (mortality MELD-XI score 16 vs 16-12 vs12:39% vs 9%. vs 15%; P = 0.005). Compared to patients with lower MELD-XI score, these patients exhibited a more than 3-fold increased one-year mortality after PMVR.Given the high mortality in patients with a MELD-XI score 16, these patients require a high-risk preoperative assessment and should undergo a careful discussion within the heart team for the best treatment option given the considerable one-year mortality following PMVR.

Different gears (e.g. overall, mask, gloves) are being used for protective purposes by fuel filling station attendants (FFSA) in Nigeria. Whether they can adequately protect susceptible organs like liver and kidney remains largely undetermined. The aim of the study is to compare the biochemical parameters of hepato-renal axis in FFSA that abstained from and that used protective gears in the course of daily duty. Materials and Methods: The study population was grouped into three; GROUP A was made up of ten adult male FFSA who have used the protective measures consistently in the course of dispensing petroleum products. GROUP B was composed of 40 FFSA who did not use protective gears. GROUP C was the control group made up of thirty male adults not exposed to petroleum products. The minimum period of exposure for FFSA recruited for the study was 5 years. Information on worker safety was obtained through administered questionnaire concerning the use of self-protective equipment as a routine safety protocol for personal protection. Serum was utilized to assess biochemical indices of hepato-renal functions. Statistical differences were determined using Student’s t test and analysis of variance. p< 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Both GROUP A and GROUP B showed activities or levels of ALP, AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, albumin, and total protein that were significantly different compared with control (GROUP C), suggestive of hepatic damage.Conclusion: Data obtained from this study suggest that the three available protective gears used by FFSA in GROUP B did not significantly reduce exposure.

Context: Paracetamol (PAR) and diclofenac (DF) are the most popular consumed analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications.Objective: This study aimed to explore the protective effect of betanin (Be...

Background Oxidative stress induced tissue damage might be the major cause for diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. The management of such oxidative stress is the biggest challenge over the decade. The main objective was to analyze the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Senna alata L leaves on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems of hepatic and renal tissues in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Methods The use of streptozotocin diabetes was induced in the experimental rats and the subsequent therapeutic effects of standard drug glibenclamide and Senna alata L were compared. The levels of plasma insulin, glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-s-tranferase were assayed in control and experimental groups of rats. Results These alterations were detected throughout the study duration after the treatment with Senna alata L and glibenclamide. A significant raise followed by the treatment with Senna alata leaves in vitamin E, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-tranferase was observed. It has been found that notable decline in the levels of vitamin C, reduced glutathione were observed in diabetic rats. The liver and kidney based antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly responsive to the treatment in diabetic rats. Apart from these antioxidant system, some vital changes were detected in the typical biochemical parameters such as level of protein, urea, uric acid, and creatinine from abnormal into normal in both the control and induced rats. Conclusion From the above said observations, it was very clear that, Senna alata has helped to manage the oxidative tension in diabetic rats, which in turn may greatly support the hypoglycaemic potency of Senna alata L.

The current work was designed to assess the influences of dietary oregano essential oil (OEO) on the indices of growth and feed utilization, proximate composition, hepato-renal functions, and histomorphological criteria of livers, kidneys, and intestines of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Fish (20.3 ± 0.8 g) were randomly divided into five treatments and fed on different levels of OEO at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg diet for 2 months. The results showed that the dietary OEO significantly improved the growth parameters (final body weight, weight gain, weight gain %, specific growth rate, and feed intake) (P

This study aimed to explore the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract used for reduce random blood glucose, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, plasma creatinine levels, also ameliorates damaged liver hepatocytes and renal proximal tubular cells in diabetic mice. In this study, we used male mice (Mus musculus) of the BALB/C strain which were divided into 2 groups: the control group (without treatment of mangosteen pericarp extract) and the treatment group. The control group was divided into three: normal control (KN), diabetic control (KD), diabetic control-Metformin HCl (KM). The treatment group (with mangosteen pericarp extract) was divided into 3 groups (P1, P2, and P3) with the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, 100 mg/kg body weight, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The induction of diabetes was done with the injection of multiple low-doses of STZ (30 mg/kg of body weight) for 5 consecutive days. Before and after STZ injection, random blood glucose and total cholesterol were measured at 1st, 7th, and 14th day of mangosteen pericarp extract treatments. Treatments were given for 14 days. At 15th day, SGOT, SGPT and plasma creatinine levels were measured using Pentra C200, while liver and kidney were collected and then processed into histological slides. Interestingly, we found that mangosteen pericarp extract administration was able to reduce random blood glucose, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, plasma creatinine levels, also ameliorates damaged liver hepatocytes and renal proximal tubular cells in diabetic mice significantly. In conclusion, mangosteen pericarp extract is a promising antidiabetic agent due to its anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties.

Emergence of new virus and their heterogeneity are growing at an alarming rate. COVID-19 officially called SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging human infectious disease caused by the coronavirus that led to global pandemic. Most of the studies have highlighted that COVID-19 damages the lungs as the main target organ, while few studies have described that SARS-CoV-2 is also involved in liver and kidneys impairment. Several studies had reported that liver and kidney disease is a global burden and was responsible for about 2millions of death annually, with 50% of these associated with complications due to liver cirrhosis and the other half linked to hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis. According to the studies it was noted that hepatic abnormalities significantly increases after infection with COVID-19 and during the course of the disease. In addition to liver injuries, few studies have also reported a greater occurrence of acute renal injury following COVID-19, which could be due to the manifestation of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, it was noted that patients with acute renal injury have a greater mortality rate compared to other patients. According to the reports, biomarkers of liver injuries increases in patients with COVID-19, though, no virus was found in the liver tissue of patients who died from the disease. This is to be expected, as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor, a vital performer in the “docking” and replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is not expressed in hepatocytes. However, ACE2 expression has been reported in cholangiocytes, leading to the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the epithelial cells of the biliary tree may cause biliary dysfunction. Various studies also suggest that transient liver injuries observed in COVID-19 patients may be concomitant with cytokine storm or hypoxia and drug toxicity. It was also reported that the ACE2 receptor is overexpressed in the tubular cells of patients with CKD. Alteration in kidney functions, characterised by increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, was also testified in patients with COVID-19. Hence, frequent and careful monitoring of liver and kidney functions in patients with COVID-19 can lead to early diagnosis of liver and kidney disorders, and also help in achieving the optimal therapeutic concentrations and reducing the risk of adverse drug reactions. Traditional medicine continues to be practised for healing the hepato-renal dysfunctions, but the effective cost of treatments, several side effects and resistance development of currently used drugs in the treatment have led to increasing emphasis on the use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) mediated bacteriotherapy, herbal plant materials, herbal gold nanomedicines as a non-conventional alternative management for the prevention of hepatorenal dysfunctions. Hence, further investigations are required to find out the potential beneficial effects of these protective agents to fight against COVID-19 associated hepato-renal dysfunctions.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the antimicrobial agent ciprofloxacin on male fertility as well as some liver and kidney function tests in male rats. In addition, some hematological and histopathological investigations were also studied. The animals were divided into three equal groups, each of 15 rats. The first and second groups given 30 and 60 mg/ kg B.wt. ciprofloxacin orally for ten days using stomach tubes. The third group was given saline and kept as a control. ciprofloxacin induced mild to moderate toxic effects on the reproductive parameters especially reproductive organs weight and semen characteristics , as well as liver and kidney functions in male rats. Attention should be paid on using higher doses of ciprofloxacin. That's due to the resultant fertility problems due to abnormal semen characters in addition to a significant toxic effect of the drug on liver and kidneys .

The study was conducted to investigate the safety of combined extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum (family: Crassulaceae) and Aloe barbadensis (family: Xanthorrhoeaceae) in rats. Forty rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups. Rats in groups I were administered with placebo as the control animals, while rats in groups II, III and IV were administered with aqueous extracts at 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml respectively for 28 days. Five milliliter (5ml) of blood was collected from either the ocular vein or aorta of each animal for evaluation of baseline and post – treatment values of AST, ALP, ALT, BUN, Total protein, and Creatinine, WBC, RBC, Platelet, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Data were expressed as Mean±Standard Error of Mean and analyzed using oneway ANOVA. Difference of means was considered statistically significant at P 0.05). Rats in groups II, III and IV exhibited significant increase in values of WBC, RBC, Platelet, MCV and MCH (P 0.05). Administration of the combined extracts may be tolerated at ≤25mg/kg bodyweight, if prolonged administration is avoided.