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For now, energy sources uses are still dominated by fossil fuels, whose availability is limited and continues to decline. Therefore, new alternative energy is needed to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Crude vegetable oil is one alternative energy source that can be utilized as a substitute for fossil fuels because vegetable oil has a composition almost similar to fossil fuel. Crude coconut oil is an alternative to biodiesel to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. The combustion reaction of crude coconut oil is tricky because it has bonds saturated chain, so a substance is needed to weaken the carbon chain to increase the burning rate. The burning rate of coconut oil droplets has been investigated experimentally by adding clove oil and eucalyptus oil bio-additives. Tests were carried out with single droplets suspended on a thermocouple at atmospheric pressure and room temperature and ignited with a hot wire. The addition of clove oil and eucalyptus oil as bio-additives in crude coconut oil was 100 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively. The suspended droplet combustion method was chosen to increase the contact area between the air and fuel so that the reactivity of the fuel molecules increases. The results showed that the eugenol compounds in clove oil and cineol compounds in eucalyptus oil were both aromatic and had an unsymmetrical carbon chain geometry structure. Therefore, this factor has the potential to accelerate the occurrence of effective collisions between fuel molecules; thus, the fuel is flammable, as evidenced by the increased burning rate. Moreover, from the observations, it was found that the highest burning rate was achieved in both bio-additives with a concentration of 300 ppm, В даний час в якості джерел енергії як і раніше переважають викопні види палива, доступність яких обмежена і продовжує скорочуватися. Отже, для зменшення залежності від викопного палива необхідні нові альтернативні джерела енергії. Одним з альтернативних джерел енергії, яке може бути використане в якості заміни викопного палива, є сира рослинна олія, оскільки рослинна олія за складом майже аналогічна викопному паливу. Сира кокосова олія є альтернативою біодизельному паливу, що дозволяє знизити залежність від викопного палива. Горіння сирої кокосової олії є складною реакцією, оскільки вона має насичений ланцюг зв'язків, тому для збільшення швидкості горіння необхідна речовина, яка послаблює вуглецевий ланцюг. Швидкість горіння крапель кокосової олії досліджували експериментально шляхом додавання біодобавок гвоздичної та евкаліптової олій. Випробування проводилися з поодинокими краплями, підвішеними на термопарі за атмосферного тиску та кімнатної температури та підпаленими гарячим дротом. Вміст гвоздичної та евкаліптової олії в якості біодобавок у сирій кокосовій олії склав 100 млн−1 і 300 млн−1 відповідно. Метод спалювання зважених крапель був обраний для збільшення площі контакту між повітрям і паливом, що підвищує реакційну здатність молекул палива. Результати показали, що сполуки евгенолу в гвоздичній олії та сполуки цинеолу в евкаліптовій олії обидва ароматичні та мають несиметричну геометричну структуру вуглецевого ланцюга. Отже, цей фактор потенційно може прискорити появу ефективних зіткнень між молекулами палива; таким чином, паливо є легкозаймистим, про що свідчить підвищена швидкість горіння. Крім того, зі спостережень було встановлено, що найбільша швидкість горіння досягається в обох біодобавок з концентрацією 300 млн−1

The burning rate of coconut oil droplets has been investigated experimentally by adding bio-additives of clove oil and eucalyptus oil. Tests were carried out with single droplets suspended on thermocouples at room atmospheric pressure, and room temperature and ignited with a hot wire. The addition of clove oil and eucalyptus oil as bio-additives into coconut oil was 100 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively. The droplet combustion method was chosen to increase the contact area between the air and fuel so that the reactivity of the fuel molecules increases. The results showed that the eugenol compounds contained in clove oil and cineol compounds in eucalyptus oil were both aromatic, and had an unsymmetrical carbon chain geometry structure. Furthermore, this factor can potentially accelerate the occurrence of effective collisions between fuel molecules. Therefore the fuel is combustible, as evidenced by the increased burning rate, where the results show that without bio-additives, the burning rate of crude coconut oil (CCO) is about 0.7 seconds. These results are 0.15 to 0.2 seconds slower than CCO with bio-additive, which is around 0.55 to 0.6 seconds. Moreover, from the observations, it was found that the highest burning rate was achieved in both bio-additives with a concentration of 300 ppm.

The existence of wood waste along the coast of Skouw Yambe is an abundant natural potential that has not been utilized properly. This Community Service activity aims to utilize the waste into briquettes as an alternative fuel to replace kerosene. The method used in this activity is the socialization, practice and training of making briquettes starting from collecting and drying raw materials, making wood charcoal, refining wood charcoal, mixing wood charcoal with adhesives, printing briquettes, drying briquettes, and cooking trials using briquettes. The result from this community service program is that the people of Skouw Yambe village can have excellent skills and abilities in producing household-scale briquettes from wood waste.

Kota Jayapura banyak memiliki lokasi wisata pantai yang indah dan banyak dikunjungi pengujung baik dari pengunjunga lokal, pendatang dan pengunjung asing. Pantai Hamadi yang indah sering dikunjunggi masyarakat kota jayapura dan pengunjung asing yang berwisata karena letaknya sangat strategis, namun di balik keindahan Pantai Hamadi ada pemandangan yang kurang menarik yaitu terdapat banyak sampah-sampah plastik dan berbagai jenis sampah lainnya yang berserakan di pinggiran bibir pantai dan dibawah pepohonan bahkan sampai di pingiran jalan dan dibawah hutan manggrov. Tujuan kegiatan memberikan sosialisasi serta pendampingan kepada pengelola dan pengunjung pantai dalam meningkatkan kepedulian dan menjaga lingkungan di pesisir pantai hamadi serta pengelolaan limbah plastik menjadi barang yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis dan memberikan kenyamanan bagi pengunjung pantai. Tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat USTJ mendampingi pihak pengelola yang berusaha di pantai hamadi dalam sosialisasi untuk memberikan pengarahan dan penataan lokasi pantai dengan melibatkan dosen dan mahasiswa. Kegiatan desain, pengembangan dan perancangan tempat sampah plastik dan pemanfaatan limbah plastik menjadi sesuatu yang bermanfaat seperti tempat duduk (ecorbrick) serta papan informasi sosialisai kepada pengelola dan pengunjung pantai dilakukan selama (satu bulan) dengan materi penguatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman terhadap pentingnya pantai bersih dari sampah plastik.

In previous studies, the initial process of burning briquettes still takes a long time, i.e. app 15-20 minutes. In normal briquette burning, a flame comes out from the briquette hole surface. The purpose of this research is to find a solution to accelerate the burning process and then the solution to use this process easily. The main objective of this research is to examine the amount of heat generated from the briquettes burning process with the number of holes as much as 10, 12, and 14, and to measure the time of initial briquette burning until the first time the flame came out on the briquettes surface. The basic ingredients of briquettes used in this study were sago waste. The tools used are a moisture meter to measure the water content, an infrared thermometer, a temperature measuring instrument, a Stopwatch to measure time, a digital anemometer to measure the airflow speed. From this study, the results obtained indicate that the combustion process in a forced air convection conditions, resulting in the rate of heat transfer as follows: a). For using the 10 holes briquettes, the heat transfer rate is about 8.51 watts, b). In the burning of 12 holes briquettes, the resulting heat transfer rate is about 16.57 watts, c). While on the 14 holes briquettes burning, the rate of heat transfer is about 20.43 watts. When heat energy is applied to boil 5 liters of water, with a 10-hole briquette, the water boils within 23.54 minutes. When using 12 holes briquettes, the water boils in 21.31 minutes, and in the use of 14 holes briquettes, the water boils in 20.21 minutes. It is concluded that the shortest time to boil 5 liters of water is when using briquettes with 14 holes, which boils in 23.34 minutes. These results indicate that forced convection can speed up the briquette burning process and produce a fairly high temperature.

Experimental research has been conducted on the effect of ignition timings on the characteristics and performance of gasohol engines such as power, torque, specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency. The fuel used in this research is pure gasoline and a mixture of 50% bioethanol (BE50). The results show that the ignition timing that gives the maximum effect occurs at the top and bottom dead points of 9 degrees for gasoline and 12 degrees for BE50 fuel. Furthermore, the maximum power is obtained at 6,500 rpm, and at an ignition time of 12 degrees BTDC the maximum power generated is 4.63 hp, while for an ignition time of 9 degrees BTDC the power generated is 3.38 hp which occurs at 6500 rpm. These results indicate that there is an increase in power of 6.4%. Moreover, the results also show that for optimal gasoline conditions, the amount of energy consumed at an engine speed of 7000 rpm is around 15705.78 kcal/hour, and for BE-50 it is around 12582.03 kcal/hour, where there is a reduction of about 25.44 %. However, in general, it can be seen that during optimal ignition, there is a saving in fuel consumption in the gasoline-BE50 mixture, while at the same time producing a fairly large thermal efficiency. These results indicate that BE50 has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel in small gasoline engines.

This study examines the Ignition characteristics of blended fuel droplets with crude coconut oil and rhodium liquid as a liquid metal catalyst. The ignition behavior was observed by igniting the oil droplet on a junction of a thermocouple, and the droplet evolution recorded with the high-speed camera. The results show that the addition of a liquid metal catalyst successfully reduces the molecular mass of the triglyceride and weakens the bonding force between the carbon chain, and therefore the viscosity and flash point decreases. Moreover, the addition of liquid metal catalysts increased the reactivity of fuel molecules such as C-H, C-C, C = C, and C-O. Changes in the physical properties of the fuel, the geometry of the carbon chain, and molecular mass ease the absorption of heat by the fuel droplet, thereby increasing fuel ignition performances.

Research on the combustion behavior of a mixture of palm oil and carbon nanoparticles has been carried out. The burning phenomenon is observed through oil droplets that are ignited at the thermocouple junction, and the evolution of the droplets is recorded with a high-speed camera. The results indicate that the addition of carbon nanoparticles increases the molecular density of the fuel. This has the potential to produce effective collisions that weaken the strength of carbon chain bonds and increase the reactivity of fuel molecules. The increased motion of fuel molecules makes it easy for molecules to absorb heat and burn. This analysis was proven because the results showed that the addition of carbon nanoparticles succeeded in increasing the temperature and burning rate.