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BACKGROUND: Non-invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been increasingly used in the clinical workflow to assist clinical decision-making for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This clinical study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of coronary stenosis assessed by a non-invasive FFR analysis method (termed AccuFFRangio) based on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). It is a blinded, self-controlled, retrospective, and dual-center clinical investigation study. METHODS: Coronary angiography data and the related information of 320 patients with 320 vessels were collected, and AccuFFRangio was used to assess the FFR for these patients. Compared with the wire-measured FFR values, we evaluated AccuFFRangio performance by its accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for AccuFFRangio in identifying hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis were 93.3%, 92.6%, 93.5%, 84.3%, and 97.1%, respectively. The direct correlation between computed AccuFFRangio and measured FFR was 0.812 (P

Weihao Chen,1– 4 Yanmin Zhao,1– 4 Yi Luo,1– 4 Jian Yu,1– 4 Huarui Fu,1– 4 Xiaoyu Lai,1– 4 Lizhen Liu,1– 4 Yishan Ye,1– 4 Jingsong He,1– 4 Jie Sun,1– 4 Weiyan Zheng,1– 4 Yi Zhao,1– 4 Guoqing Wei,1– 4 Zhen Cai,1– 4 He Huang,1– 4 Jimin Shi1– 4 1Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jimin Shi; He Huang, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-0571-87236706, Email shijimin@zju.edu.cn; huanghe@zju.edu.cnBackground: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a common and serious complication that may lead to high mortality during the different phases after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). We investigated BSI in patients undergoing HSCT to provide an appropriate clinical anti-infection experience and improve the prognosis of recipients with BSI after HSCT.Methods: A total of 105 patients with BSI after HSCT at our center from January 2015 to June 2020 were included in this retrospective study. We analyzed the clinical and microbiological data, and the risk factors for mortality at 3 months after BSI.Results: Of the 1141 HSCT recipients, 105 (9.2%) patients presented with 122 episodes of BSI, of which we isolated 85 (65.9%) gram-negative bacteria, 32 (24.8%) gram-positive bacteria and 12 (9.3%) fungi. Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) were more than 70% of all pathogens and carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) were 25.6%. There were 55 episodes of BSI in the pre-engraftment phase and 67 episodes in the post-engraftment phase. The mortality of post-engraftment BSI was significantly higher than that of pre-engraftment (56.7% vs 32.7%, p = 0.005). Through multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for all-cause mortality at 3 months after BSI were higher levels of procalcitonin (PCT), failure to cover appropriate antibiotics timely, and CRO BSI in pre-engraftment period or multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDRGNB) BSI in post-engraftment period.Conclusion: Although the incidence of BSI was lower after HSCT, MDR-dominated BSI had a high mortality rate. Rapid identification of infection or pathogens’ classification with various testing methods and the more sensible and timely antibiotic cover are critical to the outcome of BSI after HSCT.Keywords: bloodstream infection, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, multidrug-resistant bacteria, all-cause mortality

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant proliferative disease of the blood system, characterized by the abnormal growth of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is highly critical in the pathological process of MM. Many studies have shown that serum interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a key role in various infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. However, more clinical studies need to be performed to further prove the influence of serum IL-17A levels on multiple myeloma patients.MethodsAmong a total of 357 participants in our institution’s MM cohort, 175 were eligible for the retrospective study. Multivariate regression models adjusted by potential confounding factors, the violin plots, the generalized additive model and smooth curve fittings, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Kaplan–Meier (K-M) curve analysis were applied to the research.ResultsA total of 175 patients with newly diagnosed MM were enrolled in this study. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that serum IL-17A level in MM patients correlated with the degree of bone lesions and fracture incidence (fully adjusted model, pbone lesion < 0.0001, pfracture < 0.0001). The violin plot showed that MM patients with higher serum IL-17A levels had more severe bone lesions and higher fracture incidence than those with lower serum IL-17A levels. A total of 171 patients were included in the study of the relationship between serum IL-17A and best overall effect (BOE). We found that serum IL-17A levels were independently related to the best inductive therapeutic efficacy (fully adjusted model, p = 0.037), and the relationship was especially obvious in the light chain group (fully adjusted model, p = 0.009) and IgA group (fully adjusted model, p = 0.0456). It could be deduced from the smooth curve that the higher the serum IL-17A level, the worse the BOE (p = 0.0163). The ROC prediction curve suggested that serum IL-17A could predict the BOE to a certain extent (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.717, p = 0.0327). A total of 148 MM patients were observed in the longitudinal study of the relationship between serum IL-17A and progression-free survival/overall survival (PFS/OS). The K-M curve analysis indicated that serum IL-17A levels in MM patients were not significantly correlated with PFS and OS. However, in the light chain subgroup, MM patients with high serum IL-17A had worse PFS (p = 0.015) and OS (p = 0.0076) compared to those with low serum IL-17A. In the IgA type subgroup, the higher IL-17A level was related to worse OS (p = 0.0061).ConclusionThis retrospective study found that higher levels of serum IL-17A were independently correlated with higher severity of bone disease and fracture incidence in newly diagnosed MM patients. High serum IL-17A level was related to poor best overall efficacy in the light chain type. High serum IL-17A was also associated with poor PFS and OS in the light chain type and OS in the IgA type subgroup.

This study focuses on the occurrence and dynamics of resonant collisions of breathers among themselves and with rational solitary waves in a two-dimensional (2D) multi-component long-wave���short-wave resonance system. These nonlinear coherent structures are described by a family of semi-rational solutions encompassing almost all known solitary waves with non-zero boundary conditions. In the case of resonant collision of parallel breathers, the original breathers split-up into several new breathers or combine into a new breather. They also exhibit a mixed behaviour displaying a mixture of splitting and recombination processes. The lumps and line rogue waves���two distinct forms of rational solitary waves, can undergo partial and complete resonant collisions with breathers. In the partial resonant collisions, the lumps do not exit well before interaction but suddenly emerge from the breathers and finally keep existing for infinite time after interaction, or they alter from existence to annihilation as one moves from t ��� ������ to t ��� +���. The line rogue waves arise and decay along ray waves instead of line waves. In the complete resonant collisions, the lumps first detach from breathers and then fuse into other breathers, while the line rogue waves appear and disappear along line segment waves of finite length, namely, both of the lumps and rogue waves are doubly localized in 2D space as well as in time.

Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics of patients and treatment strategies.

Additional file 1. A timeline of the patient.

Supplementary File 1. Patients and methods.

Supplementary Table 3. Reported tumor-related functions of top-20 differentially expressed genes during leukemic transformation in the MDS-MF2 − 3 patient; and of top-20 differentially expressed genes between the leukemic phase of this MDS-MF2 − 3 patient and a de novo AML-M2 patient.

BACKGROUND: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides good insight into lumen boundary and plaques; however, it is still difficult to detect functionally significant stenosis from IVUS images for the guidance of coronary percutaneous intervention (PCI). This study aimed to develop a novel method to estimate fractional flow reserve (FFR) value for determining the functional significance of coronary artery disease through the fusion of IVUS and X-ray angiographic images. METHODS: We developed a novel approach to 3D vessel reconstruction by integrating IVUS with X-ray angiographic images. Based on the reconstructed geometry and the inlet flow derived from the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count, a simplified fluid dynamics equation was established to compute the pressure drop and IVUS-derived FFR (AccuFFRivus) was subsequently obtained. To validate the feasibility and performance of this IVUS-based FFR method, we performed AccuFFRivus calculations on 32 coronary vessels with invasive FFR as the reference standard. RESULTS: Great correlation (r=0.86, P

An integrable extension of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) and Davey-Stewartson (DS) equations is investigated in this paper.We will refer to this integrable extension as the (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation. The determinant expressions of soliton, breather, rational, and semi-rational solutions of the (4 + 1)-dimensional Fokas equation are constructed based on the Hirota's bilinear method and the KP hierarchy reduction method. The complex dynamics of these new exact solutions are shown in both three-dimensional plots and two-dimensional contour plots. Interestingly, the patterns of obtained high-order lumps are similar to those of rogue waves in the (1 + 1)-dimensions by choosing different values of the free parameters of the model. Furthermore, three kinds of new semi-rational solutions are presented and the classification of lump fission and fusion processes is also discussed. Additionally, we give a new way to obtain rational and semi-rational solutions of (3 + 1)-dimensional KP equation by reducing the solutions of the (4 + 1)-dimensional Fokas equation. All these results show that the (4 + 1)-dimensional Fokas equation is a meaningful multidimensional extension of the KP and DS equations. The obtained results might be useful in diverse fields such as hydrodynamics, non-linear optics and photonics, ion-acoustic waves in plasmas, matter waves in Bose-Einstein condensates, and sound waves in ferromagnetic media., Comment: Nonlinear Dynamics, 99, (2020) 3013-3028

A prototypical example of a rogue wave structure in a two-dimensional model is presented in the context of the Davey-Stewartson~II (DS~II) equation arising in water waves. The analytical methodology involves a Taylor expansion of an eigenfunctionof the model's Lax pair which is used to form a hierarchy of infinitely many new eigenfunctions. These are used for the construction of two-dimensional (2D) rogue waves (RWs) of the DS~II equation by the even-fold Darboux transformation (DT). The obtained 2D RWs, which are localized in both space and time, can be viewed as a 2D analogue of the Peregrine soliton and are thus natural candidates to describe oceanic RW phenomena,as well as ones in 2D fluid systems and water tanks., Comment: 6 pages, 3 color figures

We generate hierarchies of derivative nonlinear Schr��dinger-type equations and their nonlocal extensions from Lie algebra splittings and automorphisms. This provides an algebraic explanation of some known reductions and newly established nonlocal reductions in integrable systems.

The (2+1)-dimensional [(2+1)d] Fokas system is a natural and simple extension of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. (see eq. (2) in A. S. Fokas, Inverse Probl. 10 (1994) L19-L22). In this letter, we introduce its PT -symmetric version, which is called the (2 + 1)d nonlocal Fokas system. The N-soliton solutions for this system are obtained by using the Hirota bilinear method whereas the semi-rational solutions are generated by taking the long-wave limit of a part of exponential functions in the general expression of the N-soliton solution. Three kinds of semi-rational solutions, namely (1) a hybrid of rogue waves and periodic line waves, (2) a hybrid of lump and breather solutions, and (3) a hybrid of lump, breather, and periodic line waves are put forward and their rather complicated dynamics is revealed., Comment: Accepted by Applied Mathematics Letters, 7 pages including 5 figures

The height of an $n$th-order fundamental rogue wave $q_{\rm rw}^{[n]}$ for the nonlinear Schr��dinger equation, namely $(2n+1)c$, is proved directly by a series of row operations on matrices appeared in the $n$-fold Darboux transformation. Here the positive constant $c$ denotes the height of the asymptotical plane of the rogue wave., 5 pages, 56 conferences

The $n$-fold Darboux transformation $T_{n}$ of the focusing real mo\-di\-fied Kor\-te\-weg-de Vries (mKdV) equation is expressed in terms of the determinant representation. Using this representation, the $n$-soliton solutions of the mKdV equation are also expressed by determinants whose elements consist of the eigenvalues $\lambda_{j}$ and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the associated Lax equation. The nonsingular $n$-positon solutions of the focusing mKdV equation are obtained in the special limit $\lambda_{j}\rightarrow\lambda_{1}$, from the corresponding $n$-soliton solutions and by using the associated higher-order Taylor expansion. Furthermore, the decomposition method of the $n$-positon solution into $n$ single-soliton solutions, the trajectories, and the corresponding "phase shifts" of the multi-positons are also investigated., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures. This is the accepted version by Nonlinear Dynamics

In this paper, the partially party-time ($PT$) symmetric nonlocal Davey-Stewartson (DS) equations with respect to $x$ is called $x$-nonlocal DS equations, while a fully $PT$ symmetric nonlocal DSII equation is called nonlocal DSII equation. Three kinds of solutions, namely breather, rational and semi-rational solutions for these nonlocal DS equations are derived by employing the bilinear method. For the $x$-nonlocal DS equations, the usual ($2+1$)-dimensional breathers are periodic in $x$ direction and localized in $y$ direction. Nonsingular rational solutions are lumps, and semi-rational solutions are composed of lumps, breathers and periodic line waves. For the nonlocal DSII equation, line breathers are periodic in both $x$ and $y$ directions with parallels in profile, but localized in time. Nonsingular rational solutions are ($2+1$)-dimensional line rogue waves, which arise from a constant background and disappear into the same constant background, and this process only lasts for a short period of time. Semi-rational solutions describe interactions of line rogue waves and periodic line waves., Comment: 23pages, 12 figures.This is the accepted version by Studies in Applied Mathematics

This paper gives a recursion operator for a 1-constrained CKP hierarchy, and by the recursion operator it proves that the 1-constrained CKP hierarchy can be reduced to the mKdV hierarchy under condition q = r .

Hamiltonian formalism of the mKdV equation with non-vanishing boundary value is re-examined by a revised form of the standard procedure. It is known that the previous papers did not give the final results and involved some questionable points [T.C. Au Yeung and P.C.W. Fung, J. Phys. A 21 (1988) 3575]. In this note, simple results are obtained in terms of an affine parameter and a Galileo transformation is introduced to ensure the results compatible with those derived from the inverse scattering transform.

The mixed nonlinear Schr��dinger (MNLS) equation is a model for the propagation of the Alfv��n wave in plasmas and the ultrashort light pulse in optical fibers with two nonlinear effects of self-steepening and self phase-modulation(SPM), which is also the first non-trivial flow of the integrable Wadati-Konno-Ichikawa(WKI) system. The determinant representation $T_n$ of a n-fold Darboux transformation(DT) for the MNLS equation is presented. The smoothness of the solution $q^{[2k]}$ generated by $T_{2k}$ is proved for the two cases ( non-degeneration and double-degeneration ) through the iteration and determinant representation. Starting from a periodic seed(plane wave), rational solutions with two parameters $a$ and $b$ of the MNLS equation are constructed by the DT and the Taylor expansion. Two parameters denote the contributions of two nonlinear effects in solutions. We show an unusual result: for a given value of $a$, the increasing value of $b$ can damage gradually the localization of the rational solution, by analytical forms and figures. A novel two-peak rational solution with variable height and a non-vanishing boundary is also obtained., 34 pages, 10 figures

From the constrained discrete KP (cdKP) hierarchy, the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice has been derived. By means of the gauge transformation, the Wronskian solution of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice have been given. The $u_1$ of the cdKP hierarchy is a Y-type soliton solution for odd times of the gauge transformation, but it becomes a dark-bright soliton solution for even times of the gauge transformation. The role of the discrete variable $n$ in the profile of the $u_1$ is discussed., Comment: 19 pages,13 figures

The the mixed Chen-Lee-Liu derivative nonlinear Schr��dinger equation (CLL-NLS) can be considered as simplest model to approximate the dynamics of weakly nonlinear and dispersive waves, taking into account the self-steepnening effect (SSE). The latter effect arises as a higher-order correction of the nonlinear Schr��rdinger equation (NLS), which is known to describe the dynamics of pulses in nonlinear fiber optics, and constiutes a fundamental part of the generalized NLS. Similar effects are decribed within the framework of the modified NLS, also referred to as the Dysthe equation, in hydrodynamics. In this work, we derive fundamental and higher-order solutions of the CLL-NLS by applying the Darboux transformation (DT). Exact expressions of non-vanishing boundary solitons, breathers and a hierarchy of rogue wave solutions are presented. In addition, we discuss the localization characters of such rogue waves, by characterizing their length and width. In particular, we describe how the localization properties of first-order NLS rogue waves can be modified by taking into account the SSE, presented in the CLL-NLS. This is illustrated by use of an analytical and a graphical method. The results may motivate similar analytical studies, extending the family of the reported rogue wave solutions as well as possible experiments in several nonlinear dispersive media, confirming these theoretical results., We have made remarkable changes of the early version, and so this version has 29 pages including 12 figures

In this paper, one new integrable modified extended Toda hierarchy(METH) is constructed with the help of two logarithmic Lax operators. With this modification, the interpolated spatial flow is added to make all flows complete. To show more integrable properties of the METH, the bi-Hamiltonian structure and tau symmetry of the METH will be given. The additional symmetry flows of this new hierarchy are presented. These flows form an infinite dimensional Lie algebra of Block type., Comment: 13 pages

In this paper, we provide a simple method to generate higher order position solutions and rogue wave solutions for the derivative nonlinear Schr��dinger equation. The formulae of these higher order solutions are given in terms of determinants. The dynamics and structures of solutions generated by this method are studied.

In this letter,the designable integrability(DI) of the variable coefficient derivative nonlinear Schr��dinger equation (VCDNLSE) is shown by construction of an explicit transformation which maps VCDNLSE to the usual derivative nonlinear Schr��dinger equation(DNLSE). One novel feature of VCDNLSE with DI is that its coefficients can be designed artificially and analytically by using transformation. What is more, from the rogue wave and rational traveling solution of the DNLSE, we get two kinds of rogue waves of the VCDNLSE by this transformation. One kind of rogue wave has vanishing boundary condition, and the other non-vanishing boundary condition. The DI of the VCDNLSE also provides a possible way to control the profile of the rogue wave in physical experiments., 8 pages, 5 figures

The n-fold Darboux transformation (DT) is a 2\times2 matrix for the Kaup-Newell (KN) system. In this paper,each element of this matrix is expressed by a ratio of $(n+1)\times (n+1)$ determinant and $n\times n$ determinant of eigenfunctions. Using these formulae, the expressions of the $q^{[n]}$ and $r^{[n]}$ in KN system are generated by n-fold DT. Further, under the reduction condition, the rogue wave,rational traveling solution, dark soliton, bright soliton, breather solution, periodic solution of the derivative nonlinear Schr��dinger(DNLS) equation are given explicitly by different seed solutions. In particular, the rogue wave and rational traveling solution are two kinds of new solutions. The complete classification of these solutions generated by one-fold DT is given in the table on page., 21 papge, 10 figures

This paper gives a recursion operator for a 1-constrained CKP hierarchy, and by the recursion operator it proves that the 1-constrained CKP hierarchy can be reduced to the mKdV hierarchy under condition $q=r$., Comment: To appear in "Acta Matematica Scientia"

The designable integrability(DI) of the variable coefficient nonlinear Schr��dinger equation (VCNLSE) is first introduced by construction of an explicit transformation which maps VCNLSE to the usual nonlinear Schr��dinger equation(NLSE). One novel feature of VCNLSE with DI is that its coefficients can be designed artificially and analytically by using transformation. A special example between nonautonomous NLSE and NLSE is given here. Further, the optical super-lattice potentials (or periodic potentials) and multi-well potentials are designed, which are two kinds of important potential in Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC) and nonlinear optical systems. There are two interesting features of the soliton of the VCNLSE indicated by the analytic and exact formula. Specifically, its the profile is variable and its trajectory is not a straight line when it evolves with time $t$., 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Studies in Applied Mathematics

By introducing the optimal linear predictive code technique into the dynamic issue of lossless image compression, this paper presented a less complexity fitness function for genetic programming engine, which can reduce the cost of computational time in each evaluation for individual greatly, and can also provide further benefit with the scalability issue. To make the speed of large image compression faster in condition of not increasing the cost of computational resource and time, evaluating mechanism in the field of machine learning was used to help genetic programming, and the scalability issue was mapped to the task of making the approach accuracy best from lower speed sampling to higher speed sampling in the field of signal processing. In experiments for compressing large images, the cost of computational time was reduced evidently and efficiently.

The Hopf algebraic structure, i.e., comultiplication, coinverse and counit, is presented for a two-parameter deformed boson oscillator algebra. This result shows that the two-parameter deformed boson oscillator algebra is a Hopf algebra which is neither commutative nor cocommutative.

We study the Backlund transformation of the noncommutative Gelfand-Dickey(ncGD) hierarchy. By factorizing its Lax operator into the multiplication form of first order differential operator, the noncommutative modified KdV(ncMKdV) hierarchy and the Miura transformations are defined. Our results show that the ncMKdV equations are invariant under the cyclic permutation, and hence induces the Backlund transformation of the ncGD hierarchy.