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Statistical analysis of certain major diseases lethal to the animal was carried out through on-spot investigations and consultations to related documentary materials. The results show that the first serious lethal factor is digestive system diseases. Next comes malnutrition and organic exhaustion. In order of decremental percentages, other diseases are roundworm disease, epilepsy, toxicosis, pneumonia, tumor, pericarditis, etc.. In relation to 54 wild giant pandas taken for statistics, the death of malnutrition, organic exhaustion caused accounts for 42.78%. In order of reducing percentages, other diseases are roundworm disease, toxicosis, epilepsy, etc.. Based on the statistics of 22 penned giant pandas, the death out of the digestive system diseases comes first, accounting for 63.64%. Other diseases in order of decremental proportion are epilepsy, organic exhaustion, etc., Gastroenteric hemorrhage is one of the highest mortality in digestive system diseases, the next comes orderly roundworm disease, hemorrhage, gatroenteritis and intestinal obstruction. The mortality of the sub-adults is the highest, accounting for 64.29%, or 2.6 times as that of the adults, or 7 times as that of the aged giant pandas. Some prevention measures of diseases for Giant pandas were also discussed in this paper.

Fir-tree roots are usually adopted for rotor blades of gas turbine. Strictly speaking it should be treated as a three-dimensional problem for temperature field calculation of turbine rotor with fir-tree roots. In this paper, a simplified model is presented for calculating the unstable temperature field of a cooled turbine rotor by finite element method. In the simplified model, an outer radius Rb for calculating has been chosen which is smaller than the radius of the fir-tree root groove’s bottom. And an equivalent heat release coefficient α has been introduced. Thus the calculation can be treated as an axial symmetrical problem and carried out on a microcomputer. The simplified model has been used to calculate the unstable temperature field during starting a rotor. The comparison with the three-dimensional calculated result shows that the simplified model is satisfactory. For example, at 170th sec. after firing the temperature difference at the outer radius Rb is only 6% for the two methods.Copyright © 1989 by ASME