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The design of efficient and robust non-precious metal electrocatalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great value for developing green energy technologies. The in-situ formed high-valence (oxy)hydroxides species during the reconstruction process of pre-catalysts are recognized as the real contributing sites for OER. However, pre-catalysts generally undergo a slow and inadequate self-reconstruction. Herein, we reported a PO43− optimized CoFe-based OER catalysts with amorphous structure, which enables a fast and deep reconstruction during the OER process. The amorphous structure induced by ligands PO43− is prone to evolution and further form active species for OER. The electron interaction between metal sites can be modulated by electron-rich PO43−, which promotes generation of high active CoOOH. Simultaneously, the etching of PO43− from the pre-catalysts during the catalytic process is in favor of accelerating the self-reconstruction. As a result, as-prepared pre-catalyst can generate high active CoOOH at a low potential of 1.4 V and achieve an in-depth reconstructed nanosheet structure with abundant OER active sites. Our work provides a promising design of pre-catalysts for realizing efficient catalysis of water oxidation.

In recent years, with the development of big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things, human society has entered the era of big data. Data, as a new resource, has been widely concerned. In China, as a big data country, the relevant data industry grows rapidly and has a huge scale, which causes new social problems and puts forward higher requirements for our legal regulation. Taking supporting data mining and utilization as the basic position, this study provides legal path for standardizing the market operation of data mining technology, provides legal remedy for the endless data property rights disputes, builds legal bottom line for personal privacy protection, escort the high-quality development of big data industry, and provides legal guarantee for national information security.

Background: The risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in different valve dysfunction has been unclear. Methods: We reviewed patients, who underwent valve heart surgery and coronary angiography from 2008 to 2021, at our center. Results: A total of 7,932 patients were included in the present study, and 1,332 (16.8%) had CAD. The mean age of the study cohort was 60.5±7.9 years, and 4,206 (53.0%) were male. CAD was 21.4% in aortic disease, 16.2% in mitral valve disease, 11.8% in isolated tricuspid valve disease, and 13.0% in combined aortic and mitral valve disease. Patients with aortic stenosis were older than those with regurgitation (63.6±7.4 years vs. 59.5±8.2 years, P < 0.001), and the CAD risks also were higher (28.0% vs. 19.2%, P < 0.001). The age difference was minimal (60.6±8.2 years vs. 59.5±6.7 years, P = 0.002) between patients with mitral valve regurgitation and stenosis, but the risks of CAD were twice high in regurgitation (20.2% vs. 10.5%, P < 0.001). When the type of valve impairment was not considered, non-rheumatic etiology, advanced age, male sex, hypertension, and diabetes were independent predictors of CAD. Conclusion: In patients undergoing valve surgery, the prevalence of CAD was influenced by conventional risk factors. Importantly, CAD also was associated with the type and etiology of valve diseases.

Impact factor is amplification factor of vertical dynamic effect produced by vehicles. It is a main parameter of bridge design and an important index of dynamic load effect evaluation. In order to study the influence of structure and excitation factors on the impact factor of highway bridges, and then obtain the real impact factor of the continuous beam arch composite bridge, taking a three-span arch bridge made with continuous composite concrete filled steel tube beams as an example, considering the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration effect, the spatial beam element model of the bridge and the half vehicle model with the three-axis are established by using ANSYS. The impact factor of different parts of the main beam and different responses affected by the deck surface roughness, the vehicle speed and the number of vehicles are analyzed. The binary regression formula of impact factor is obtained by taking the vehicle speed and the roughness of bridge deck as independent variables. Finally, the formula is verified by the measured data of two bridges with similar fundamental frequencies. The results show that the impact factor calculated by the current code is generally small for the bridge structure with complex structure and relatively low frequency, such as arch bridge made with continuous composite concrete filled steel tube beams. The impact factor is most affected by the roughness of bridge deck. When the roughness of bridge deck reaches grade B or above, the impact factor exceeds the specification value, and the maximum impact factor can reach 5.42 times of the specification value. For the main beam, the impact factors of different external excitation, different responses and different parts are not the same, and some impact factors exceed the specification value. The regression formula of impact factor given can be used to estimate the impact factor of main beams of similar structures.

The tripodal ligand 3,5-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid was used to synthesize five new inorganic–organic hybrid materials based on Keggin-type POMs, which is of great significance in the field of environmental monitoring.

Climate change and anthropogenic interventions have obviously altered the eco-hydrological regimes. A quantitative evaluation and attribution of the eco-hydrological alterations are urgently required. In this study, we evaluated the various attributions of eco-hydrological regimes in the Weihe River Basin (WRB). Firstly, the trends and change-point analysis of hydrological elements were examined, and the natural streamflow was reproduced based on the variable infiltration capacity model. Then, the most ecologically relevant hydrological indicators (ERHIs) were selected and combined with the eco-deficit and eco-surplus indicators to assess the degree of eco-hydrological regime alterations. Finally, the relative contributions to eco-hydrological alterations were quantified using the ‘simulated–observed comparison’ method. The results showed that (1) the streamflow of the WRB exhibited significant decreasing trends (p < 0.01), and a significant change point (p < 0.01) of the streamflow series was identified in 1990. (2) Seven representative indicators of hydrological alteration were selected as ERHIs. (3) During the human-induced period (1991–2017), human activities were the dominant factors in the eco-hydrological alterations as well as the variations of the ERHI indexes and the eco-deficit and eco-surplus metrics. Overall, the proposed framework may improve the understanding of the driving forces of eco-hydrological regime alterations under a changing environment.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the tumor-infiltrating immune cell population, which play a powerful role in inhibiting anti-tumor immune response. Our previous studies have shown that STAT3 blockade can decrease the number of MDSCs in tumor microenvironment. However, it is unclear for the molecular mechanism of down-regulation MDSCs with STAT3 inhibitor. In this study, we first detected and analyzed the expression of p-STAT3, CD33, CD14, CD39 and CD73 via oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue array. We found that p-STAT3 was positively correlated with CD14, CD33, CD39, and CD73 in OSCC patient specimens. Then we found STAT3 blockade with S3I-201 reduced the expression of CD39/CD73 and the synthesis of adenosine, as well as inhibiting monocytes to MDSCs differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, we found that S3I-201 displayed prominent anti-tumor efficacy in C3H/He OSCC mouse model via inhibiting CD39/CD73-adenosine signal pathway and decreasing MDSCs. These results suggest that STAT3 signal can induce the differentiation of monocytes into MDSCs in tumor microenvironment depending on CD39/CD73-adenosine signal pathway and STAT3 blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy for OSCC.

Currently, single-cell lipidomic mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are mostly limited to detection of high-abundance phosphatidylcholines (PCs). Herein, for enhancing the coverage to low-abundance sphingolipids in single-cell analysis, in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was combined with a single-probe MS system for selective enrichment of sphingolipids during singe-cell sampling. From the results, a lab-made single probe with a 30 μm tip size proved to be able to resolve the axon from the cell body of neuron HT22 in ambient conditions. TiO

Manufacturers are pursuing energy-efficient production in response to the fluctuating energy price, growing global competition, rigorous international laws, and severe environmental crisis. This article proposes to boost the energy efficiency of production systems by controlling the production. It extends the existing energy-saving control research by presenting integrated modeling, analyzing, and controlling approaches. The work starts from the modeling of the production systems and establishes an analytical model to systematically quantify the production loss resulted from energy-saving control and the various disruptions. A dynamic control algorithm is proposed to reduce energy consumption and maintain desirable productivity. Simulation studies are utilized to demonstrate the application of the proposed method and verify its effectiveness.

The dynamic biaxial compression test for carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates was carried out via synchronous electromagnetic loading in this study. During the experiments, four stress pulses transmitted along four incident bars, loading the square specimen simultaneously from four directions to keep the center of the specimen still. The dynamic mechanical behavior of CFRP was obtained employing the one-dimensional wave propagation theory, and the deformation and failure processes of the specimens were recorded by a high-speed camera. The effects of various biaxial stresses on the compressive strength were investigated in three biaxial and one uniaxial loading cases. For the CFRP laminates, the dynamic transverse compressive stress showed little effect on the longitudinal ultimate compressive strength. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the dynamic stress wave propagation. It showed that the employed loading device could guarantee good biaxial loading conditions until the ultimate failure of the specimens. This approach allows for the dynamic biaxial compression testing of various materials, which is of great significance in evaluating the dynamic impact performance of aeronautical composites.

This study aimed to review the studies evaluating the effect of the inflammatory state on voriconazole (VRZ) levels.The study included randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies that focused on the influence of the inflammatory state on VRZ levels. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, relevant articles published until 2021 were searched in several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library.Twenty studies were included in this review, of which 15 described adult populations, three described paediatric populations, and two included both adult and paediatric populations. Seventeen studies used C-reactive protein (CRP) as an indicator of inflammation, six described a dose-response relationship for the effect of inflammation represented by CRP on VRZ concentrations, and four examined the effect of CRP on the metabolic rate of VRZ.Our findings showed that the level of inflammation can significantly affect VRZ levels. However, the effect of inflammation on VRZ concentrations in children is controversial and must be analysed along with age. Clinicians dosing VRZ should take into account the patient's inflammatory state. The impact of inflammation on genotype-based dosing decisions requires further study to explain the high pharmacokinetic variability of VRZ.

Silver nanodisks (AgNDs) have been successfully synthesized by using ferric chloride as an auxiliary agent in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone and

Honey badger algorithm (HBA) is a recently developed meta-heuristic algorithm, which mainly simulates the dynamic search behavior of honey badger in wild nature. Similar to other basic algorithms, HBA may suffer from the weakness of poor convergence accuracy, inadequate balance between exploration and exploitation, and ease of getting trapped into the local optima. In order to address these drawbacks, this paper proposes an enhanced honey badger algorithm (EHBA) to improve the search quality of the basic method from three aspects. First, we introduce the highly disruptive polynomial mutation to initialize the population. This is considered from increasing the population diversity. Second, Lévy flight is integrated into the position update formula to boost search efficiency and balance exploration and exploitation capabilities of the algorithm. Furthermore, the refraction opposition-based learning is applied to the current global optimum of the swarm to help the population jump out of the local optima. To validate the function optimization performance, the proposed EHBA is comprehensively analyzed on 18 standard benchmark functions and IEEE CEC2017 test suite. Compared with the basic HBA and seven state-of-the-art algorithms, the experimental results demonstrate that EHBA can outperform other competitors on most of the test functions with superior solution accuracy, local optima avoidance, and stability. Additionally, the applicability of the proposed method is further highlighted by solving four engineering design problems. The results indicate that EHBA also has competitive performance and promising prospects for real-world optimization tasks.

AimThe aim of this clinical trial was to assess the impact of autologous concentrated growth factor (CGF) as a socket-filling material and its ridge preservation properties following the lower third molar extraction.Materials and methodsA total of 60 sides of 30 participants who had completely symmetrical bilateral impacted lower third molars were enrolled. The primary outcome variables of the study were bone height and width, bone density, and socket surface area in the coronal section. Cone beam computed tomography images were obtained immediately after surgery and three months after surgery as a temporal measure. Follow-up data were compared to the baseline using paired and unpaired t-tests.ResultsCGF sites had higher values in height and width when compared to control sites (Buccal wall 32.9 ± 3.5 vs 29.4 ± 4.3 mm, Lingual wall 25.4 ± 3.5 vs 23.1 ± 4 mm, and Alveolar bone width 21.07 ± 1.55vs19.53 ± 1.90 mm, respectively). Bone density showed significantly higher values in CGF sites than in control sites (Coronal half 200 ± 127.3 vs -84.1 ± 121.3 and Apical half 406.5 ± 103 vs 64.2 ± 158.6, respectively). There was a significant difference between both sites in the reduction of the periodontal pockets.ConclusionCGF application following surgical extraction provides an easy, low-cost, and efficient option for alveolar ridge preservation. Thus, the use of CGF by dentists during dental extractions may be encouraged, particularly when alveolar ridge preservation is required.Clinical trial registrationTCTR identification, TCTR20221028003.

Background Clinical instructional strategies and the climate in which teaching and learning take place have a significant impact on the quality of dental education. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of early microsurgery training on the skills of dental intern students who are planning to join an oral and maxillofacial surgical field (DIS) as compared with junior residents within an oral and maxillofacial surgery department who had no microsurgery experience (JR). Methods A total of 100 trainees, 70 were DIS, while the other 30 were JR. The average age was 23.87 ± 2.05 years for DIS group and 31.05 ± 3.06 for JR group. All trainees attended a microsurgical course (theoretical and practical parts) for seven days within a Microvascular Laboratory for Research and Education of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. Two blinded examiners had assessed the performance of trainees independently using a specific scoring system. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the effect of microsurgery training between DIS and JR groups. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The DIS group had showed higher attendance rate than JR group (p Conclusion Overall, the performance of dental intern students was favourably compared with junior residents in most aspects. Therefore, it is promising and essential for dental colleges to add a microsurgery course to the curriculum of dental intern students who plan to specialize in oral and maxillofacial surgery.