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Contains fulltext : 52497.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Heterozygous mutations in the transcription factor gene p63 are causative for several syndromes, with ectodermal dysplasia, orofacial clefting and limb malformations as the key characteristics. Different combinations of these features are seen in five different syndromes, of which ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate syndrome (EEC) is the most common one. Mutations in p63 can also cause non-syndromic single malformations, such as split hand foot malformation (SHFM4) and isolated cleft lip (NSCL). In this article we will present an overview of diseases caused by mutations in the p63 gene and review the known pathogenic p63 gene mutations.

Reduction of 3β-acetoxy-12α,13α-epoxyoleanan-3β-yl acetate (β-amyrin acetate epoxide)(5) with lithium–ethylamine affords β-amyrin (17%), oleanane-3β,12α-diol (3; R1= R2= H)(50%) and 13α-oleanane-3β,12α-diol(6; R1= R2= H)(27%). On photolysis 3β-acetoxyoleanan-12α-yl nitrite (3; R1= Ac, R2= NO) affords the 27-oxime (10), which has been further transformed into the aldehyde (9; R1= H, R2= OH) and the corresponding lactone (11; R1R2= O). The latter had previously been identified erroneously as oleanolic lactone acetate (12; R1= Ac, R2R3= O).