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It is evident that in Nigeria inflation and unemployment are growing simultaneously and pose a serious question in terms of the validity of the Phillips curve in Nigeria. This study investigates the relationships that exist with respect to inflation and unemployment in Nigeria using data from the CBN statistical bulletin (2020) from 1981 to 2020. The ARDL model (autoregressive distributed lag) was employed in the study. The study revealed an inverse and significant link between inflation and unemployment only in the short run, while a positive, as well as significant relationship, was found that connects inflation and output in Nigeria also in the short run. We, therefore, recommend the need for government to always consider unemployment in formulating policies aimed at achieving price stability. We also recommend that the government adopts labour-intensive techniques of production to reduce costs and, by extension, reduce the prices of goods and services.

Using a generalized shift operator, we define generalized modulus of smothness in the space L2,γ(ℝn+). Based on the Laplace-Bessel differential operator we define Sobolev-type space and K-functionals. In this paper paper we prove the equivalence theorem for a K-functional and a modulus of smoothness for the Fourier-Bessel transformation on ℝn+.

In this research a new extension of the Lomax distribution known as Lindley-Lomax distribution has been proposed by adding a shape parameter to the Lomax distribution using the Lindley-G family of distributions. The proposed article considered and extensively studied some properties of the new distribution such as moments, moment generating function, the characteristics function, survival function, hazard function and the distribution of order statistics. A graphical study of the proposed distribution and the other related functions was also done in the article. Estimation of the parameters of the proposed distribution was also done using the method of maximum likelihood estimation. The performance of the Lindley-Lomax distribution has also been tested by an application to the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary additive with parsley on some meat traits of the breast and thigh meat of broiler chicks, at eight-day old, chicks will be divided equally on floor pens into 5 groups, each group contained 3 replicates (8 chicks/ each). Treatments are dividing as (T1), using basal diet free from parsley as control (T2), using basal diet plus 3 gm. parsley/Kg of diet (T3), using basal diet plus 6 gm. parsley/Kg of diet (T4), using basal diet plus 9 gm. parsley/Kg of diet (T5), using basal diet plus 12 gm. parsley/Kg of diet. In the end of this experiment all after the slaughtering the broiler, the sample will be taken from breast and thigh. Adding parsley to feed of chicks effect significantly (p

This is the first study of pyrite minerals in the entire West and Central African Rift System (WCARS). Several polished organic-rich core samples from the Cretaceous Yogou Formation of the Niger (Chad) Basin located in the WCARS were investigated for their pyrite content using FE-SEM and SEM-EDS imaging techniques. An attempt was made to classify the types and provenance of the pyrites and to highlight the control of rift fractures on the oxidation and dissolution of pyrites in the region. Three major types of pyrites are present in the studied formation, including euhedral pyrite (E

Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among schoolchildren (IPTsc) reduces clinical malaria, asymptomatic parasitemia, and anemia. The effects of IPTsc by gender have not been studied longitudinally. We investigated overall IPTsc efficacy and conducted a secondary analysis to explore gender-specific differences. We enrolled schoolchildren aged 6–13 years in an open-label, rolling-cohort randomized controlled trial between September 2007 and February 2013 in Kolle, Mali. Annually, schoolchildren received two full-treatment courses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus artesunate, or amodiaquine (AQ) plus artesunate, or no malaria treatment as control. We used mixed-effects generalized linear models to estimate differences in treatment outcomes across groups with interaction terms to explore gender-specific differences associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection, hemoglobin, and grade point averages (GPA) based on standardized testing. Overall, 305 students contributed 4,564 observations. Compared with the control, SP plus artesunate and AQ plus artesunate reduced the odds of P. falciparum infection (odds ratio [OR]: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.26–0.43; OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.36–0.59). We found strong evidence of increased mean hemoglobin concentrations (g/dL) in the SP plus artesunate group versus control (difference +0.37, 95% CI: 0.13–0.58). Collectively, schoolchildren given AQ plus artesunate had higher mean GPA (difference +0.36, 95% CI: 0.02–0.69) relative to control. Schoolgirls, compared with schoolboys, given SP plus artesunate had greater improvement in GPA (+0.50, 95% CI: −0.02 to 1.02 versus −0.27, 95% CI: −0.71 to 0.16); interaction P = 0.048, respectively. The IPTsc decreases P. falciparum infections in schoolchildren. Treatment regimens that include longer-acting drugs may be more effective at decreasing malaria-related anemia and improving educational outcomes as observed among girls in this setting.

Application temperatures and exposure environments are among the causes of premature antioxidant loss in polymer geomembranes. Therefore, over the long term, polymer degradation takes place which is reflected in geomembrane properties. In this work, accelerated thermal ageing of polyethylene geomembrane was carried out in a climatic chamber at 70℃ with 21% oxygen. The evolution of tensile properties, puncture resistance, and shore D hardness with exposure time was assessed. Changes in chemical and crystalline structure and melt flow index were made. According to the findings, geomembrane surface oxidation takes place in the polyethylene matrix after 9 months of exposure. This fact is confirmed by evaluating carbonyl, vinyl, and hydroxyl indexes. Uniaxial tensile properties, puncture resistance, and shore D hardness indicated slight changes after one year of exposure. While the crystallinity index, determined by XRD measurement, has shown an increase with exposure. Further, melt flow index measurements confirmed the absence of chain scission during the early exposure periods. However, for longer periods, chain scission reactions occurred and MI values increased moderately after five months of accelerated aging. All results indicated no significant bulk degradation while maintaining a certain mechanical resistance with applications under a temperature of 70℃. This temperature value is relevant in a waste storage center, but the studied geomembrane is not recommended for this case.

This work was aimed at assessing the antimicrobial activities of Eugenia aromaticum and Myristic fragrans buds and seeds extracts on Propionibacterium acne and Malassezia restricta causing dandruff infection. The microbial strains were obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of the Federal teaching hospital, Gombe. The phytochemical constituents of the plant extracts and antimicrobial testing of the extracts on bacterial and fungal strains were carried out using agar well diffusion method. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts were carried out using broth dilution method. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to analyze the data obtained to determine if there was significant difference between the aqueous, n-hexane and chloroform extracts used. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids and glycosides in both plant extracts. The result showed that all the extracts were efficient against the growth of M. restricta and P. acne at all concentration. Aqueous plant extract shows highest zone of inhibition against the tested bacterial and fungal isolate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M. fragrans extracts; aqueous, n-hexane and chloroform against M. restricta was determined at 0.5mg/ml, 5mg/ml, and 50mg/ml concentration respectively and thatof P. acne was determined at 5mg/ml for all the plants extracts. The MIC of E. aromaticum plant extracts were at 0.5mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 50mg/ml for aqueous, n-Hexane and chloroform extracts respectively against M. restricta and P. acne. The extract of M. fragrans and E. aromaticum inhibits the growth of M. restricta and P. acne to a certain extent. Hence have antimicrobialpotential which may be helpful in the management of dandruff infection.

Hausawa na ɗaya daga cikin al’ummu da Allah ya azurta da ɗimbin mawaƙa. Tun inda aka fito, Bahaushe na amfani da waƙa a kusan dukkan ɓangarori ko al’amuran rayuwarsa. Wannan ya haɗa da sana’o’i (noma da saƙa da dukanci da farauta da sarkanci da ƙira da makamantansu), da kuma zamantakewa da bukukuwa da gyaran muhalli da ma sauran sha’anonin da rayuwar Bahaushe ke ƙunshe da su. Sai dai kamar yadda akan ce; “Idan kiɗa ya canza, rawa ma sai ta canza,” haka ma siga da salon waƙoƙin Hausa na canzawa tare da canjin zamani. A yau zamani ya kai, an samu mawaƙa da dama da ke amfani da kayan kiɗa na zamani yayin rera waƙoƙinsu. Sai dai wani abu shi ne, mawaƙan ƙasar Hausa na fuskantar tsangwama. Sau da dama matsayinsu ga idon jama’a ba ya wuce maroƙa ko limamen shashanci. Wannan ne ya sanya mawaƙa da dama ke rera waƙoƙi da ke nuna ƙorafinsu ga hakan. Wannan takarda ta nazarci ɗaya da cikin waɗannan waƙoƙi mai suna Waƙar Ranar Mawaƙa wanda Fati da Kasim suka rera. Sakamakon nazarin na nuna cewa; mawaƙa na fuskantar tsangwama a ƙasar Hausa. Sannan al’umma ba ta tallafa wa waɗannan mawaƙa ta fuskar shawarwari da sauran abubuwa da suka dace. Daga ƙarshe an ba da shawarwari da suka haɗa da, a riƙa jawo mawaƙa jiki tare da ƙarfafa musu guiwa da nusar da su kan samar da waƙoƙi masu amfani ga al’umma ta fuskar ilimi da zamantakewa.

In this paper we study the transitions of entanglement complexity in an exemplary family of states - the Rokhsar-Kivelson-sign wavefunctions - whose degree of entanglement is controlled by a single parameter. This family of states is known to feature a transition between a phase exhibiting volume-law scaling of entanglement entropy and a phase with sub-extensive scaling of entanglement, reminiscent of the many-body-localization transition of disordered quantum Hamiltonians [Physical Review B 92, 214204 (2015)]. We study the singularities of the Rokhsar-Kivelson-sign wavefunctions and their entanglement complexity across the transition using several tools from quantum information theory: fidelity metric; entanglement spectrum statistics; entanglement entropy fluctuations; stabilizer R\'enyi Entropy; and the performance of a disentangling algorithm. Across the whole volume-law phase the states feature universal entanglement spectrum statistics. Yet a "super-universal" regime appears for small values of the control parameter in which all metrics become independent of the parameter itself; the entanglement entropy as well as the stabilizer R\'enyi entropy appear to approach their theoretical maximum; the entanglement fluctuations scale to zero as in output states of random universal circuits, and the disentangling algorithm has essentially null efficiency. All these indicators consistently reveal a complex pattern of entanglement. In the sub-volume-law phase, on the other hand, the entanglement spectrum statistics is no longer universal, entanglement fluctuations are larger and exhibiting a non-universal scaling; and the efficiency of the disentangling algorithm becomes finite. Our results, based on model wavefunctions, suggest that a similar combination of entanglement scaling properties and of entanglement complexity features may be found in high-energy Hamiltonian eigenstates., Comment: Journal version. Added 1 paragraph and 1 image

Supplementary Figures 1-5, Tables 1-2, and Methods and Materials from A Simple Approach to Cancer Therapy Afforded by Multivalent Pseudopeptides That Target Cell-Surface Nucleoproteins

Recent studies have implicated the involvement of cell surface forms of nucleolin in tumor growth. In this study, we investigated whether a synthetic ligand of cell-surface nucleolin known as N6L could exert antitumor activity. We found that N6L inhibits the anchorage-dependent and independent growth of tumor cell lines and that it also hampers angiogenesis. Additionally, we found that N6L is a proapoptotic molecule that increases Annexin V staining and caspase-3/7 activity in vitro and DNA fragmentation in vivo. Through affinity isolation experiments and mass-spectrometry analysis, we also identified nucleophosmin as a new N6L target. Notably, in mouse xenograft models, N6L administration inhibited human tumor growth. Biodistribution studies carried out in tumor-bearing mice indicated that following administration N6L rapidly localizes to tumor tissue, consistent with its observed antitumor effects. Our findings define N6L as a novel anticancer drug candidate warranting further investigation. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3296–305. ©2011 AACR.

Supplementary Movie from A Simple Approach to Cancer Therapy Afforded by Multivalent Pseudopeptides That Target Cell-Surface Nucleoproteins

In this paper, we prove new estimates are presented for the integral \int_{|t|>N}|\widehat(f)(t)|^{2}dt, where \widehat(f) stands for the Fourier transform of f and N ≥ 1, in the space L2(Rn) characterized by the generalized modulus of continuity of the kth order constructed with the help of the generalized spherical mean operator.

The dry spells are severe obstacles to rainfed agriculture in Sahelian countries. The farmers believe supplemental irrigation is an excellent way to adapt rainfed agriculture to dry spells. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of supplemental irrigation to food security and compared the profitability of different types of ponds constructed by farmers in northern Burkina Faso. Human cereal requirement was used as indicators to analyze the contribution of supplemental irrigation to food security. The criteria for analyzing the profitability of the selected ponds were gross margin (GM), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period (PBP). The results show that the additional yield of corn obtained with supplemental irrigation makes it possible to meet the monthly cereal needs of at least 17 people and generates an additional GM of FCFA 178,483 (US$ 309.26) compared to no irrigation. The estimate of the NPV, from IRR and PBP showed that the profitability of supplemental irrigation in 15 agricultural seasons varies between type of ponds constructed. Given the up-front cost and the farmers’ lack of resources, the ponds require a subsidy or a credit policy to facilitate the adoption of supplemental irrigation in Sahelian countries.

In this paper, we prove two estimates useful in applications for the Fourier-Bessel transform in the space Lp(R2+,x2?1+1y2?2+1dxdy), (1 < p ? 2), as applied to some classes of functions characterized by a generalized modulus of continuity.

Non-stabilizerness - also colloquially referred to as magic - is the a resource for advantage in quantum computing and lies in the access to non-Clifford operations. Developing a comprehensive understanding of how non-stabilizerness can be quantified and how it relates other quantum resources is crucial for studying and characterizing the origin of quantum complexity. In this work, we establish a direct connection between non-stabilizerness and entanglement spectrum flatness for a pure quantum state. We show that this connection can be exploited to efficiently probe non-stabilizerness even in presence of noise. Our results reveal a direct connection between non-stabilizerness and entanglement response, and define a clear experimental protocol to probe non-stabilizerness in cold atom and solid-state platforms.

In this paper, we present a learning algorithm aimed at learning states obtained from computational basis states by Clifford circuits doped with a finite number t of non-Clifford gates. To tackle this problem, we introduce a novel algebraic framework for t-doped stabilizer states by utilizing tools from stabilizer entropy. Leveraging this new structure, we develop an algorithm that uses sampling from the distribution obtained by squaring expectation values of Pauli operators that can be obtained by Bell sampling on the state and its conjugate in the computational basis. The algorithm requires resources of complexity $O(\exp(t)poly(n))$ and exhibits an exponentially small probability of failure., Comment: L.L. and S.O. contributed equally to this work. In v3, we corrected some typos in the manuscript

Observable scattering processes entail emission-absorption of soft photons. As these degrees of freedom go undetected, some information is lost. Whether some of this information can be recovered in the observation of the hard photons, depends of the actual pattern of the scrambling of information. We compute the information scrambling of photon scattering by the tripartite mutual information in terms of the 2-Renyi entropy, and find a finite amount of scrambling is present. The developed procedure thus sheds novel light on the black hole information loss paradox, showing that scrambling is a byproduct of decoherence achieved by the scattering system in its interaction with the environment, due to the emission-absorption of soft photons in fully unitary processes., Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures

Effective light cones may emerge in non-relativistic local quantum systems from the Lieb-Robinson bounds, resulting in exponentially decaying commutator norms of two space-time separated operators in the Heisenberg picture. Here, we derive a mechanism for the emergence and consequences of a logarithmic light cone (LLC). As a possible way, the LLC can emerge from a phenomenological model of many-body-localization. We show that the information scrambling is logarithmically slow in the regime of the LLC. We prove that the bipartite entanglement entropy grows logarithmically with time at arbitrary finite space dimensions and for arbitrary initial pure states. As an application in quantum information processing, the LLC supports long-lived quantum memory, a quantum code with macroscopic code distance and an exponentially long lifetime after unitary time evolution., Comment: 6+3 pages, 2 figures

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International audience; Recent development in smart devices has lead us to an explosion in data generation and heterogeneity, which requires new network solutions for better analysing and understanding traffic. These solutions should be intelligent and scalable in order to handle the huge amount of data automatically. With the progress of high-performance computing (HPC), it becomes feasible easily to deploy machine learning (ML) to solve complex problems and its efficiency has been validated in several domains (e.g., healthcare or computer vision). At the same time, network slicing (NS) has drawn significant attention from both industry and academia as it is essential to address the diversity of service requirements. Therefore, the adoption of ML within NS management is an interesting issue. In this paper, we have focused on analyzing network data with the objective of defining network slices according to traffic flow behaviors. For dimensionality reduction, the feature selection has been applied to select the most relevant features (15 out of 87 features) from a real dataset of more than 3 million instances. Then, a K-Means clustering is applied to better understand and distinguish behaviors of traffic. The results demonstrated a good correlation among instances in the same cluster generated by the unsupervised learning. This solution can be further integrated in a real environment using network function virtualization.

Magic states are the resource that allows quantum computers to attain an advantage over classical computers. This resource consists in the deviation from a property called stabilizerness which in turn implies that stabilizer circuits can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. Without magic, no quantum computer can do anything that a classical computer cannot do. Given the importance of magic for quantum computation, it would be useful to have a method for measuring the amount of magic in a quantum state. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a protocol for measuring magic based on randomized measurements. Our experiments are carried out on two IBM Quantum Falcon processors. This protocol can provide a characterization of the effectiveness of a quantum hardware in producing states that cannot be effectively simulated on a classical computer. We show how from these measurements one can construct realistic noise models affecting the hardware., Comment: Salvatore F.E. Oliviero and Lorenzo Leone contributed equally to this paper

Salt-and-dry technique is an artisanal fish conservation method adopted in the Maghreb countries which is based on lowering the water activity. This latter factor is crucial in food preservation, where the relationship between the water activity and the water content of the salted octopus helps control its storage. However, the realization of this processing in controlled conditions is limited by the lack of information regarding the drying time and the behavior towards humidity of this specie. This work describes the drying kinetics by plotting the drying curve (70 ° C; 1.5 m/s) and helps define the salted octopus drying time. Also it presents the desorption and adsorption isotherms at three temperatures which represent the storage temperatures (30, 40 and 50°C) following the gravimetric method. The drying of the salted octopus carried out helped reduce the water activity to a value of 0.63 and the water content of 0.505 g water/g MS during 10 hours. In addition, the sorption curves were experimentally determined and modeled by polynomial regression of order 4. The fitting has given correlation coefficients close to 1 for the three temperatures.

A metrologia tem evoluido consideravelmente nos ultimos anos e os instrumentos de medicao estao cada vez mais ageis e precisos. Um instrumento bastante utilizado e a trena a laser, que permite medicoes instantâneas das dimensoes desejadas. Sendo assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a precisao das medicoes realizadas pela trena a laser comparando-as com um padrao, a trena de fita de aco. Para efeito comparativo, realizou-se medicoes de 4 dimensoes aproximadas sendo feitas 10 medicoes com a trena a laser e 10 medicoes com a trena convencional, para cada dimensao. Posteriormente, foi realizado o balanco de incerteza para as 8 medias encontradas e obteve-se resultados que extrapolaram o intervalo de medicao do padrao escolhido, tornando as medicoes feitas pela trena a laser como nao confiaveis. Sugere-se evitar a situacao 2 que foi a fonte de incerteza que mais contribuiu percentualmente para a incerteza global do sistema de medicao.

In this paper, we prove the equivalence between a K-functional and a modulus of smoothness for the first Hankel–Clifford transform in the space $$\mathrm {L}^{2}((0, +\infty ), x^{\mu })$$ .

Purpose The construction industry represents most of every country’s finances and vital to continued economic growth and activities, especially in developing countries. The impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 disease (COVID19) on the government’s income resulted in the expectation of many public projects being cancelled or delayed providing little opportunity for the emergence of new public projects. This study collated a global qualitative perspective (survey interviews) on the lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic and the positive and negative impacts for future-proofing the construction sector. Design/methodology/approach In total, 76 respondents from five continents excluding South America responded to the online open-ended structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed through artificial inteligence analytics tool – Zoho analytics. Findings The themes indicating the positive impact obtained from the interview were overhead cost reduction, remote working environment, focus on health and safety, improved productivity and sustainability goals while the themes signifying the negative impact were low business turnover, delays in construction payment and output, difficulties working from home and job losses. Supply chain management, construction project management improvement, concentration on health and safety and effective virtual working environment were collated as themes on lessons learned. Social implications The major findings of this study emphasise on the need to improve the occupational health and safety and onsite safety measures for future proofing of the construction industry. Originality/value The findings from the analyses made clear the imperativeness of the built environment research, with a focus on novel framework and strategies for future proofing the construction industry.

Ground states of quantum many-body systems are both entangled and possess a kind of quantum complexity as their preparation requires universal resources that go beyond the Clifford group and stabilizer states. These resources - sometimes described as magic - are also the crucial ingredient for quantum advantage. We study the behavior of the stabilizer R\'enyi entropy in the integrable transverse field Ising spin chain. We show that the locality of interactions results in a localized stabilizer R\'enyi entropy in the gapped phase thus making this quantity computable in terms of local quantities in the gapped phase, while measurements involving $L$ spins are necessary at the critical point to obtain an error scaling with $O(L^{-1})$.

Runoff simulation in highly anthropized watersheds is complex, but essential for water management, especially in poorly gauged and data-scarce hydrosystems of the West African Sahel. In this study, the physically-based and semi-distributed hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was applied to simulate daily runoff in the Nakanbé watershed at Wayen (21,178 km2) in Burkina Faso over the period 2006-2012. The data used concerned 9 water reservoirs, 5 hydrometric stations, 15 rain gauges, 3 synoptic stations, a digital elevation model (spatial resolution: 30m), a soil map (scale: 1:5,000,000), a land use and land cover map (scale: 1:200,000). The 5 hydrometric stations (Tougou, Dombré, Rambo, Ramsa and Wayen) gauge 5 nested watersheds ranging in size from 38 to 21,178 Km2. The added value of nested watersheds was assessed through the following three calibration/validation (C/V) schemes: one-site C/V (OS) at the watershed outlet (Wayen); multi-sites C/V considering nested sub-basins (MS1) and multi-sites C/V without considering nested sub-basins (MS2). The results at the watershed outlet (Wayen) indicated that the three C/V schemes (OS, MS1, MS2) are overall satisfactory (KGE above 0.7). However, MS2 scheme (KGE = 0.75) performed better as compared to the traditional one-site calibration scheme (OS: KGE = 0.73). On the other hand, the MS1 scheme (KGE =0.71) performed worse than the OS scheme. The water balance analysis at Wayen showed that 60 to 90% of the annual rainfall is lost as evapotranspiration whereas 5 to 8% contributes to surface runoff, groundwater recharge remaining very low. The comparison of the three calibration/validation schemes provides evidence that accounting for nested sub-basins does not necessarily improve the quality of rainfall-runoff simulations. Yet, multi-sites modeling remains the best scheme when the watersheds used are not nested. The availability of higher resolution data might allow a better understanding of spatial scale effects.Keywords: Nested watersheds, SWAT model, Nakanbé, West Africa Sahel, Burkina Faso.

Effects of climate change and variability in West African countries are heightening the vulnerability of local populations, which heavily rely on agriculture and natural resources through ecosystem services. Developing effective water management strategies for mitigation of these impacts requires knowledge of weather, especially rainfall, built upon continuous long-term records (in both time and space). Yet, most West African countries are poorly gauged, with a low density of reliable gauging stations, hampering applications such as water planning and weather forecasting. Recently, some daily global precipitation products have been developed, providing rainfall estimates derived from soil moisture observations using the innovative SM2RAIN (Soil Moisture to Rain) bottom-up inversion algorithm, hence treating the soil as a natural rain gauge. Since these products are gridded, they also provide continuous spatial information regarding rainfall. In this study, the accuracy of such three typical SM2RAIN products (SM2RAIN-CCI, GPM+SM2RAIN, SM2RAIN-ASCAT) at depicting rainfall estimates in Burkina Faso (West Africa, area of 272,200 km²) at 10 synoptic stations over the period 2007-2017 (9 years), at the daily, dekadal (10-days accumulation), monthly and annual timescales. The results reveal that at the daily timescale, all products performance is poor to moderate (KGE: 0.18 to 0.36). At higher time scales, however, both products performed satisfactorily to very good (dekadal: KGE: 0.61 to 0.79; monthly: KGE: 0.63 to 0.91; annual: KGE: 0.44 to 0.81), with SM2RAIN-CCI being consistently superior. Overall, SM2RAIN-CCI presented the lowest volumetric hit and miss bias at all stations, whereas SM2RAIN-GPM presented the lowest false bias. Also, SM2RAIN-CCI featured the highest ability at picturing the timing of occurrence of daily rainfall events (probability of detection, false alarm ratio, threat score) for various thresholds in the range of 0 to 25 mm. Finally, the ability of these products at picturing observed rainfall extremes have been evaluated through various ETCCDI climate indices, at which SM2RAIN-CCI and SM2RAIN-GPM presented equal performance, SM2RAIN-ASCAT being less good. These results provide a quantitative assessment of the SM2RAIN approach in the context of Burkina Faso and might help in the selection of an optimal product for further applications.Keywords: ASCAT, Burkina Faso, CCI, GPM, rainfall, Sahel, SM2RAIN.

Crop models have evolved over the past decade to incorporate more soil-related processes. While this may open avenues to support farmers regarding fertilization practices, it also widens the pitfalls related to model parametrization. Open-access georeferenced soil databases are often a solution for modelers to derive soil parameters. However, they can potentially add to model uncertainty depending on database resolution and the variability of the characteristics it contains. Fertimap is an online spatial database recently released in Morocco. In this study, we aim at assessing how Fertimap could support the use of crop model in the rainfed wheat production areas of Morocco. Data including local soil analysis, farmers’ practices, wheat biomass, and yield were collected on 126 farmers’ fields distributed across the rainfed wheat production area in Morocco from 2018 to 2020. Data were first used to parameterize, calibrate, and assess the model, using site-specific data to infer soil parameters. Then, the impact of soil data source on model uncertainty was assessed by rerunning the simulations while using alternatively locally measured soil inputs or inputs extracted from Fertimap. To disentangle the effect of data source from model sensitivity on model outputs, the model’s sensitivity to labile phosphorus, pH, and organic carbon parameters was also tested. The APSIM-wheat model was found to reasonably simulate wheat phenological stages, biomass, and yield. The comparison of model outputs using one or another source of soil data indicated that using Fertimap had no significant effect on the model’s outputs. This study provides the first assessment of the APSIM-wheat model for simulation of widely used wheat cultivars in Moroccan rainfed areas. It is also the first proof of the practical utility of Fertimap database for modeling purposes in Morocco. This preliminary study delivers a robust basis for model-assisted agricultural advising to take off in Morocco.