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This study was done in the lath house of the Horticulture and Gardening Dept. / College of Agriculture / University of Anbar during the growth season 2021 to study the effect of leaf spraying kelamyth chelated Fe in three levels (0, 50, 100 mg.L-1), with three levels Alga Mix of (0, 1, 1.5 g.L-1) and their interaction on vegetative growth traits and leaf content of minerals for buckthorn seedlings AL-Tafahi cultivar. The results showed that the interaction between chelated kelamitic Fe and F2S2 algae mixture at a concentration (100 mg.L-1 kelamitic Fe + 1.5 g.L-1 algae mixture) had given a significant increase in plant height, number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, Fe and saponins. Successively with values (75. 057cm, 19.183 units.seedling-1, 23.833cm2, 41.537 mg. g-1 fresh weight, 3.800%, 194.000 ppm, 1.545 c.ml-1), compared to control treatments. Keywords: Ziziphus mauritiana, chelated iron, seaweed extract, foliar spraying, Buckthorn.

IntroductionInfections caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria are significantly worsening across the globe. M. fortuitum complex is a rapidly growing pathogenic species that is of clinical relevance to both humans and animals. This pathogen has the potential to create adverse effects on human healthcare.MethodsThe MF GZ001 clinical strain was collected from the sputum of a 45-year-old male patient with a pulmonary infection. The morphological studies, comparative genomic analysis, and drug resistance profiles along with variants detection were performed in this study. In addition, comparative analysis of virulence genes led us to understand the pathogenicity of this organism.ResultsBacterial growth kinetics and morphology confirmed that MF GZ001 is a rapidly growing species with a rough morphotype. The MF GZ001 contains 6413573 bp genome size with 66.18 % high G+C content. MF GZ001 possesses a larger genome than other related mycobacteria and included 6156 protein-coding genes. Molecular phylogenetic tree, collinearity, and comparative genomic analysis suggested that MF GZ001 is a novel member of the M. fortuitum complex. We carried out the drug resistance profile analysis and found single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations in key drug resistance genes such as rpoB, katG, AAC(2')-Ib, gyrA, gyrB, embB, pncA, blaF, thyA, embC, embR, and iniA. In addition, the MF GZ001strain contains mutations in iniA, iniC, pncA, and ribD which conferred resistance to isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and para-aminosalicylic acid respectively, which are not frequently observed in rapidly growing mycobacteria. A wide variety of predicted putative potential virulence genes were found in MF GZ001, most of which are shared with well-recognized mycobacterial species with high pathogenic profiles such as M. tuberculosis and M. abscessus.DiscussionOur identified novel features of a pathogenic member of the M. fortuitum complex will provide the foundation for further investigation of mycobacterial pathogenicity and effective treatment.

This study emphasizes tuning the synthesis conditions of MFI zeolites to achieve better catalytic properties by optimizing the mesoporosity, the balance between Brønsted and Lewis sites, and the zeolite particle sizes. The MFI zeolites were hydrothermally synthesized at various temperatures employing different silica sources. The synthesis temperature was varied between 110 to 180 °C at constant synthesis time (15 h). Different silicon sources led to variations in structure, morphology, and size of the MFI zeolite along with tuned Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in parallel correlation with shape selectivity of the reaction. The catalytic activities of synthesized zeolites were investigated in the catalytic cracking of

Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare benign tumors as a result of hyperplasia of glomus body. GT most commonly involves the subungual areas and rarely involves extra-digital sites. The clinical presentation of a glomus tumor is a triad of symptoms consisting of pain, cold intolerance, and pinpoint tenderness. Even though glomus tumors are benign, they can infrequently be malignant. Despite their benign nature, these lesions can cause disabling symptoms, therefore proper diagnosis and treatment is important. In this report, we present a 35-year-old Saudi male with a painful lesion on the right side of the chest wall at the posterior axillary line for seven years, with recent progressive growth and symptoms. Diagnosis of extra-digital glomangioma of the chest wall in this patient was confirmed by histopathology. The patient was managed by complete surgical excision of the lesion with the resolution of pain and without recurrence.

Background The CRASH-3 trial hypothesised that timely tranexamic acid (TXA) treatment might reduce deaths from intracranial bleeding after traumatic brain injury (TBI). To explore the mechanism of action of TXA in TBI, we examined the timing of its effect on death. Methods The CRASH-3 trial randomised 9202 patients within 3 h of injury with a GCS score ≤ 12 or intracranial bleeding on CT scan and no significant extracranial bleeding to receive TXA or placebo. We conducted an exploratory analysis of the effects of TXA on all-cause mortality within 24 h of injury and within 28 days, excluding patients with a GCS score of 3 or bilateral unreactive pupils, stratified by severity and country income. We pool data from the CRASH-2 and CRASH-3 trials in a one-step fixed effects individual patient data meta-analysis. Results There were 7637 patients for analysis after excluding patients with a GCS score of 3 or bilateral unreactive pupils. Of 1112 deaths, 23.3% were within 24 h of injury (early deaths). The risk of early death was reduced with TXA (112 (2.9%) TXA group vs 147 (3.9%) placebo group; risk ratio [RR] RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.94). There was no evidence of heterogeneity by severity (p = 0.64) or country income (p = 0.68). The risk of death beyond 24 h of injury was similar in the TXA and placebo groups (432 (11.5%) TXA group vs 421 (11.7%) placebo group; RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.69–1.12). The risk of death at 28 days was 14.0% in the TXA group versus 15.1% in the placebo group (544 vs 568 events; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.83–1.03). When the CRASH-2 and CRASH-3 trial data were pooled, TXA reduced early death (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.87) and death within 28 days (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.94). Conclusions Tranexamic acid reduces early deaths in non-moribund TBI patients regardless of TBI severity or country income. The effect of tranexamic acid in patients with isolated TBI is similar to that in polytrauma. Treatment is safe and even severely injured patients appear to benefit when treated soon after injury. Trial registration ISRCTN15088122, registered on 19 July 2011; NCT01402882, registered on 26 July 2011.

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a very common gastrointestinal dysfunction. Notwithstanding strong evidence of high prevalence of depression and anxiety in IBS there is very limited research on this topic in KSA. Materials and Methods: Cases of irritable bowel syndrome and controls with non-ulcerative dyspepsia were employed between March 2016 to May 2017 from the gastroenterology department in King Abdulaziz hospital, KSA. Presence of anxiety disorder and depression were evaluated by utilizing the Hamilton Anxiety rating scale and Hamilton Depression rating scale respectively. Occurrence rates of anxiety and depression were established and Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated to determine the association of depression and anxiety disorders with IBS. Results: In IBS cases, the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder was 37.2% and 31.5% respectively. In patients with irritable bowel syndrome the OR for depression was 6.1 (95% CI 1.7-23.6, P=0.008) and the OR for anxiety disorder was 7.3 (95% CI 1.5-36.2, P=0.011). Conclusion: The occurrence of depression and anxiety disorder in IBS is very high. As a result, screening of IBS patients for anxiety and depression would facilitate better interventions and consequently better outcomes and medical treatment.

Water resources are suffering from scarcity and deterioration their quality due to environmental dilution. Trickle irrigation is the best efficiency systems because it focuses on the root space only, omitting surface runoff and minimizing deep percolation losses. A field study was carried out in clay loam soil in Ramadi city (College of Agriculture- University of Anbar) during the fall season of 2018 using two trickle irrigation systems, mobile system and under surface drip irrigation by using Nano-Root guard drippers. Current study aims to evaluate the physical properties effects, water consumption of bean (cv. Veto) and water use efficiency. for the purpose of comparing the yield of bean irrigated by these two methods. Seeds of bean were sown on 20th of October 2018 and the harvest time was on 13th of March 2019. Evaporation pan was used to estimate the irrigation dates when the depletion of the soil reaches 50% of its water content. Bean productivity significantly increased under surface trickle irrigation with 7.71-ton ha-1 in comparison to 6.32-ton ha- 1 that was obtained from mobile trickle irrigation method. The crop water requirement was 446 mm according to evaporation pan data. Regarding the method of irrigation, they were affected. As a result, the soil water content average for the three replications along growing season was 21.75% under mobile device while it was 24.96% in the sub-surface drip irrigation.

The study included nickel powder support by nano titanium oxide and silicon carbide (SiC) using the powder method wherein titanium oxide cementing percentages (5,10,15,20)% were taken while silicon carbide (SiC) was at a constant rate of 5% with The base material which of is nickel. Then, mixing the powders with an electric mixer for a two hours and pressing them with an electric piston at (5ton) for one minute. The resulting samples were sintered by a thermal oven at (1100°C) and using the argon gas to reduce oxidation for a period of only two hours. The structural structure of the models was studied by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as a study of mechanical properties that included hardness, compressive strength and wear. The results of the scanning electron microscope showed the homogeneity of the components of the mixed materials characteristically after the high sintering process, and the results of hardness before sintering were (90-132) Hv, when reinforcing from (0-20) %TiO2 while reaching the value of (110-189) Hv are reinforcing from (0-20) %TiO2 with sintering 1100°C, researchers also find that the compressive strength before sintering is (14-.822) MPa when reinforcing from (0-20) %TiO2, while it reached the value of (17.8-32) MPa when supporting from (0-20) %TiO2 and sintering 1100°C, while the wear rate after sintering was the lowest value which is at (20 TiO2%).

Onion maggot Delia alliaria Fonseca is considered as anew record a key pest on onion in Iraq. Its also exists in many parts of the world such as Egypt and some part of Europe, which can cause an economic losses ranged between (20 – 60) %. Field studies were conducted at the College of Agriculture, Baghdad to evaluate the effectiveness of two types of traps baited with onion extract lure. Results indicated the superiority of Tephri traps which caught significantly higher of onion maggot adults Nursery and onion field. In Nursery Tephri traps catches were 3.11, 5.11 for females and males, respectively, compared with 1.05, 1.40 for the local trap respectively. Sex ratio was 38: 62 and 43: 57 for Tephri and local traps and in favor of males. In the field traps catches were increased for the two types of traps reaching a numbers of 8.56, 10.84 females and males respectively in Tephri traps Compared with 4.86, 6.13 for the local trap . Sex ratio were for the two types of traps were 44:56 and in favor of males .We concluded from that onion extract lure may be used in Tephri raps because of its low cost and easy prepared by the farmers for monitoring and control of the onion maggot Delia alliaria especially in OrganicAgriculture

This article investigates the root causes of the premature failure and replacement of a set of second-stage turbine blades from a heavy industrial gas turbine engine. The investigations included dye-penetrant testing, optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Moreover, the effect of heat treatment process on restoring the blade microstructure so that the properties were suitable for service was also explored. As a result of the investigation, the second-stage turbine blades premature failure was attributed to the grain boundary secondary phase precipitates. These precipitates were present in the “as-found” condition of the investigated blades.

The current work involves modification of zinc oxide by doping silver, this was achieved by photodeposition method. Modified zinc oxide was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both of ZnO and Ag doped ZnO was fabricated on a cotton texture. The photocatalytic activity of these materials was investigated by following the decolorization of congo red from simulated industrial wastewater. The decolorization of congo red over fabricated-ZnO-Ag was more efficient in comparison with non- fabricated catalysts. Different reaction parameters were undertaken including the effect of pH of the solution, irradiation time and the effect of light intensity. Complete dye removal over fabricated materials took three hours while it took 4.5 for non-fabricated materials.

Six heavy metals namely Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn , Mn and Cu at the upper region of the Euphrates river in Iraq, were determined seasonally during 1993 in selected five stations in water, suspended particles, bottom sediments and aquatic plants. There was clear seasonal variation in their concentrations in filtered water. These concentrations were much higher in the suspended particles with a manifest local variations. While their values in the bottom sediments were much lower than that found in the suspended particles, with clear local variations among the studied stations. Mn was the highest concentration in the sediments among the studied metals at all seasons, whereas Cd was the lowest. Four aquatic plants were also considered and found that they accumulated higher concentrations of Mn and Zn. The status of the heavy metals and their evaluation as a pollutant source in the studied area were discussed.

Plugging material in some of the film cooling channels of a failed aero-gas turbine engine first stage turbine blade is analyzed using the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in an environmental scanning electron microscope. The objective of the analysis was to identify the nature and source of the plugging material that appears to have caused overheating and eventual failure of some of the blades. The results of the analysis indicate that the plugging material, which occurs as a dense aggregate of 0.1 m diameter fibers, is mainly composed of Zr, Y, and O. In addition, the material shows presence of micron size particles dispersed between the fibers. The analysis of the particles indicates they are fluoride-rich compounds, possibly of yttrium or calcium. Small or trace amounts of Ca, Na, and Mg are also observed in the plugging material. The analysis of the areas surrounding the plugged cooling channels shows presence of Cr–Co–Ni–aluminide bond coat and a discontinuous platinum coat over the bond coat. In contrast, the areas surrounding the fractured surface and melted edge show significant presence of calcium fluoride and Mg–Al–silicate. The analysis of melted edge shows presence of all the elements representing various coating layers as well as the impurities; however, Zr and Y were not detected in the melted areas.

Introduction The purpose of the present study was to evaluate postoperative pain after root canal treatment at the Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Methods Two hundred thirty-four patients were included in this study; age range was 18–62 years. Conventional endodontic treatment was carried out in the included teeth by the undergraduate dental students in a single visit or multiple visits. The chemomechanical preparation of root canals was done by a modified double-flared technique with combination of hand instruments. Postoperative pain was recorded by each patient by using visual analogue scale in well-defined categories at 2 time intervals, 12 hours and 24 hours. Results Data were analyzed with the χ 2 test. The overall incidence of postoperative pain was 9.0% after 12 hours and 24 hours. Postoperative pain developed in 15.9% of the patients with history of preoperative pain, whereas 7.1% had postoperative pain among those without history of preoperative pain. There was no significant difference in postoperative pain between single-visit and multiple-visit root canal treatment (RCT). Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study there was a low incidence of postoperative pain after conventional RCT. No significant difference exists in postoperative pain after single-visit or multiple-visit RCT.

This work describes the refinery gas turbine cogeneration plant, which is applied in the Arab Gulf area. The measurements have been used to calculate a number of important thermodynamic performance parameters for this plant. These parameters include the steam efficiency, electrical efficiency, net heat rate (NHR), power to heat ratio (PHR), and fuel saving rate (FSR). At full load, the steam and electrical efficiencies are 53.3 adn 28%, respectively, the NHR is equal to 1.33, the PHR is equal to 0.525, and FSR is 0.614. When the plant is operated at part load, all values of thermodynamic parameters are decreased except NHR, which increases to 1.514. The break-even analysis method is presented for the economic analysis. By this method, the total annual cost (TAC) and total annual revenue (TAR) are plotted against the operation hours in a year. The point at which the TAR line crosses the TAR line is called the break-even point in hours of operation. In cases where output is constant (at full load) over the time period considered, the break-even point is 2442 h. When the cogeneration plant runs a different loads, the break-even point is 2926 h. The break-even analysis is used to understand the effects of the variations in fixed and variable costs on the break-even point in hours.

The plasma parameters and ion energy distributions (IED) of the dominant species in an Ar-H2 discharge are investigated with an energy resolved mass spectrometer and a Langmuir probe. The plasmas are generated in a conventional magnetron chamber powered at 150 W, 13.56 MHz at hydrogen flow rates ranging from 0 to 25 sccm with a fixed argon gas flow rate of 15 sccm. Various Hn+, SiHn+, SiHn fragments (with n = 1, 2, 3) together with Ar+ and ArH+ species are detected in the discharge. The most important species for the film deposition is SiHn (with n = 0, 1, 2). H fragments affect the hydrogen content in the material. The flux of Ar+ decreases and the flux of ArH+ increases when the hydrogen flow rate is increased; however, both fluxes saturate at hydrogen flow rates above 15 sccm. Electron density, ne, electron energy, Te, and ion density, ni, are estimated from the Langmuir probe data. Te is below 1.2 eV at hydrogen flow rates below 8 sccm, and about 2 eV at flow rates above 8 sccm. ne and ni decrease wit...

H Hameed, J CassidyBeatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, Scotland, UKAbstract: Capecitabine (Xeloda®, Roche, Basel, Switzerland) is a pro-drug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and it is converted to 5-FU in the cancer cell by enzymatic degradation. The role of capecitabine in colorectal cancer has evolved in the last 15 years. In early trials in the metastatic setting, capecitabine has shown superior response rates compared with those achieved with 5-FU (Mayo Clinic regimen) (26% vs 17%), with equivalent progression-free survival and overall survival. In the adjuvant setting, the Xeloda in Adjuvant Colon Cancer Therapy (X-ACT) trial demonstrated that capecitabine as a single agent led to improvement in relapse-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.74–0.99, P = 0.04) and was associated with significantly fewer adverse events than 5-FU plus leucovorin (LV, folinic acid). On the basis of the X-ACT trial, capecitabine was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, and the Scottish Medicines Consortium as monotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer. The next step was to incorporate capecitabine into combination therapy. The XELOXA trial studied the combination of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) vs 5-FU/LV and demonstrated 5-year disease-free survival of 66% for XELOX, compared with 60% for 5-FU/LV. The toxicity profile was also quite comparable in the two arms. So both the single agent use of capecitabine as well as in combination with oxaliplatin can be considered as part of the standard of care in management of early colon cancer in appropriately selected patient groups.Keywords: 5-fluorouracil, 5-FU, leucovorin, folinic acid, LV, XELOX, oxaliplatin, FOLFOX

Energy data for Saudi Arabia, Libya, Tunisia, Sudan, and Yemen are selected to study energy efficiency in the Arab countries. Energy consumption in five sectors (namely, power generation, industry, transportation, agriculture, and the residential and commercial sectors) is analysed for these countries and compared with that in the remaining Arab countries. Energy flow charts are constructed and energy efficiencies determined. Finally, selected energy-conservation measures are highlighted for the specified sectors.

The first part of this paper presents a waste heat recovery scheme for the Dura (Baghdad, Iraq) oil refinery energy plant. Both the wasted heat of the process return condensate and the flue gases are utilized for low temperature feedwater and fuel heating. The steam saved, both from the main steam line and turbine extraction system, was found to increase the steam and plant overall efficiency by 18%. An alternative cogeneration energy plant is presented in the second part of this study. The proposed plant utilizes the gas turbine exhaust, in conjunction with a heat recovery boiler, to produce the process steam requirement. With this alternative plant, the overall efficiency increases by 31.6%, while the steam efficiency increases by 19%. The outstanding features and advantages of the proposed plants are highlighted.

Gas turbine exhaust is usually relatively clean, especially the exhaust from natural gas turbines. The use of such gases to improve the overall thermal efficiency of a steam power plant has the advantage of reducing the cost of cleaning the equipment and reducing the maintenance costs of the heat recovery equipment used in the application. In this paper, two proposals for recovering the waste energy of the exhaust gases from a gas turbine unit, fuelled by natural gas at south Baghdad Power Plant (Iraq) are discussed. The proposals cover improvements to the thermal efficiency of a steam power plant installed near the gas turbine unit. The first proposal is to use the exhaust gases to preheat the feed water at four feed water heaters, in order to increase the power output. This arises because of the savings in the amount of steam extracted at a different level used for preheating the feed water line. The second proposal is to use the thermal energy in the exhaust gases to reheat the extracted stream, at five points at a high thermal potential, to increase the thermal gain at the preheating feed water line. This avoids the complexity associated with rejection of the extracted steam. The first roposal shows that a 1.22–14.9% saving in fuel consumption is achievable and the overall thermal efficiency of the steam power plant becomes 29–34% (at different gas turbine plant loads). The second proposal shows that a 2.3–7.35% saving in fuel consumption can be attained and the corresponding thermal efficiency will be 30.3–32%.

A general survey is presented of energy supplies in the Arab countries. Technologies to exploit nuclear resources are needed in order to ensure a secure energy future. The advantages of introducing nuclear energy into the Arab countries are discussed. The main features of the CANDU (Canada deuterium-uranium) reactors are presented with an assessment concerning their suitability for energy supplies and developing programs. The main differences between the CANDU and PWR (pressurized water reactor) are highlighted.