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Objective To present the development process of the World Health Organization (WHO) Systematic Assessment of Rehabilitation Situation (STARS). Design A conceptualization phase to establish its objective and identify the content for comprehensively describing rehabilitation in countries, a second phase to draft, and a third phase to refine the tool. Reviews of existing health system assessment (HSA) tools used in other areas of health as well as expert consultations occurred. Setting The WHO initiated the development of STARS because there is currently no comprehensive HSA tool for rehabilitation that supports stakeholders describing their country situation and identifying priority actions. Participants The WHO rehabilitation team, experts representing rehabilitation professions and from all WHO regions, and government and rehabilitation consumer groups. Interventions Conceptualizing, drafting, consulting, and reviewing of the WHO STARS. Main Outcomes Measures Development of a tool that is comprehensive and able to support countries to describe rehabilitation and identify priorities. Results STARS was developed in a participatory process, uses a logic model to structure the 50 components of rehabilitation selected for assessment, and assesses both capacity and performance. Conclusions STARS is the first HSA shaped to rehabilitation, has been developed by the WHO in a participatory process based on several expert consultations, and has the potential to meaningfully support governments to better understand the status of rehabilitation in their countries, define priorities for action to strengthen rehabilitation, and facilitate the monitoring of system level changes. Moreover, STARS information can be used in research to support evidence-informed policy and programs.