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With the increasing demand for energy and the growing concern for sustainable development, energy conservation has become a necessity. It is essential to ensure that electricity is being consumed efficiently and not wasted, which can lead to a significant increase in energy bills. Moreover, the traditional energy billing methods are prone to errors and are not user-friendly, resulting in inaccurate bills and customer dissatisfaction. In light of these issues, a system that is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been proposed and analyzed for energy meter billing and monitoring. The proposed system employs cutting-edge technology to automate the energy billing process and provides real-time monitoring of energy consumption, which helps customers to keep track of their energy usage and reduce their electricity bills. One of the most significant advantages of the IoT-based energy meter billing and monitoring system is that it is highly scalable and can be easily customized to meet the specific needs of each customer. It provides a secure and reliable platform for data communication between the energy meter and the web server, which ensures accurate billing and eliminates the need for manual meter reading. Furthermore, the proposed system is also environmentally friendly as it promotes energy conservation and reduces the carbon footprint. With the help of real-time monitoring, customers can identify areas where energy is being wasted and take corrective actions, such as turning off appliances when not in use, which helps in reducing energy consumption and conserving resources

An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system. They are important now a days as they control numerous common devices we use. It is designed to perform functions, frequently with real-time computing constraints. The project objective is to design a development board that consists of various modules of embedded system applications. Arduino board has allowed numerous engineers to incorporate embedded systems in their designs due to its ease of operation. In this project, PCB is designed on a circuit design software DIPTRACE, i.e. an ECA/CAD software to make schematic design and printed circuit board. This project facilitates the end users by providing different operations of an embedded system on a single development board, like a Gas sensor, Temperature sensor, motor driver, etc.

For the last few years, thermal instability of non-Newtonian nanofluids becomes a prominent field of research because it has various applications in automotive industries, energy-saving, nuclear reactors, transportation, electronics etc. and suspensions of nanoparticles are being developed in medical applications including cancer therapy. In this paper, a free electrothermo-convective instability in a dielectric nanofluid layer in a porous medium is studied. An Oldroyd’s constitutive equation is used to describe the behaviour of nanofluid and for porous medium, the Darcy model is employed. The equation of conservation of momentum of fluid is stimulated due to the presence of an AC electric field, stress-relaxation parameter and strain-retardation parameter. The stability of the system is discussed in stationary and oscillatory convections for free–free boundaries. For the case stationary convection, it is found that the Oldroydian Nanofluid behaves like an ordinary nanofluid as the stationary Rayleigh number is independent of the stress-relaxation parameter, the strain-retardation parameter and Vadasz number. The effect of stress-relaxation-time parameter, strain-retardation-time parameter, Vadasz number, nanoparticles Rayleigh number, modified diffusivity ratio, medium porosity, Lewis number and electric Rayleigh number examined numerically and graphs have been plotted to analyse the stability of the system. It is observed that the electrical Rayleigh number has destabilizing influence whereas nanoparticles Rayleigh number, porosity and modified diffusivity ratio have stabilizing effect on the system. The oscillatory convection is possible for the values of the stress-relaxation parameter less than the strain-retardation parameter for both top-heavy/bottom-heavy distributions of nanoparticles.

There have been major advances in the last few decades in our understanding of heavy rainfall during monsoon season due to substantial progress in both observation and numerical modelling of monsoon. All these resulted in more accurate forecast of heavy rainfall in short to medium range, (upto five days) with 40% improvement in accuracy of heavy rainfall forecast in recent five years (2018-2022) as compared to previous five years. However, improvement of forecast and warning skill is not sufficient to minimize damage to lives and property. It is essential to extend to hazard forecast systems (hazard models) and then to impact and risk assessment with stakeholder interaction for risk based warning (RBW) and response action to protect lives and livelihoods Considering all these, India Meteorological Department (IMD) has introduced impact based forecast (IBF) for heavy rainfall at meteorological sub-division level since July 2013 and at district and city scale in August, 2019 in its short to medium range forecasts and nowcasts indicating the likely impact of the heavy rainfall in different sectors and required response actions. Thereafter the IBF of heavy rainfall has undergone several changes over the years. Currently, the IBF being implemented by IMD includes all the four components, viz., (i) meteorological hazards, (ii) geophysical hazards, (iii) geospatial applications and (iv) socio-economic conditions and it utilises a web-GIS based decision support system (DSS). In this study we have reviewed various approaches and stages of development of IBF of heavy rainfall in India. The success of IBF of heavy rainfall will enhance the management of critical resources like agriculture, water & power and support urban and disaster management sectors among others while reducing loss of life and property.

Trehalose is a major circulatory sugar in the haemolymph of insects. It provides instant energy and protection against stress. Trehalose metabolism is associated with insect growth and development. The architecture and spatio-temporal expression dynamics of trehalose metabolism and transport genes are key for regulation. These genes are controlled by various transcription factors, largely linked to nutrition, insect development, and metamorphosis. Also, trehalose levels are affected by substrate affinities and modifications of enzymes involved in the pathway. A feedback mechanism involving the precursors and products can regulate trehalose metabolism. Further, the neuroendocrine system controls trehalose levels under normal and stressed conditions by producing different hormones. Hypotrehalosemic hormones work under surplus energy conditions to activate haemolymph trehalose uptake and degradation. In contrast, hypertrehalosemic hormones stimulate trehalose production in the fat body and its transport to the haemolymph. However, trehalose metabolism regulation in insects needs to be studied in detail. This review discusses aspects of trehalose synthesis, transport, and degradation dynamics in developmental transition and stress response. Unraveling the epigenetic factors, transcriptional control and chemical or genetic modulators can provide further insights into the intricate regulation of trehalose in a development- and tissue-specific manner. This molecular information about effectors and regulators of trehalose metabolism can be applied in developing diverse biotechnological applications.

Humans get oxidative stress as a result of using several pesticides and herbicides in excess. Occupational and environmental exposures harm the public’s health even if their effectiveness has led to their widespread use. The current study’s goal was to assess the activity of the antioxidants glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase in a group of HP, India residents who had been exposed to pesticides. Pesticide exposed individuals had their glutathione transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) genetic polymorphisms investigated to check for any connections to oxidative stress and toxicity. For the genotyping of GSTM1, GSTT1, and antioxidant enzymatic assays such as GSH and GST, 5 ml of blood was drawn from the population under study. Antioxidant enzymatic activity of GSH (205.63 ± 42.42) and GST (1.65 ± 0.39) were decreased in pesticide exposed group as compared to unexposed group GSH (273.76 ± 56.70) and GST (2.40 ± 0.81). We observed non-significant (p>0.05) results for the association of GSTM1 with GSH and GST enzyme activity as well as similar result have been observed for the association of GSTT1 with GSH and GST activity in the studied population. According to the study, prolonged pesticide exposure results in oxidative stress, which is connected to the necessary genetic variance. The findings may pave the way for further investigation into the toxicogenetics and health impacts of pesticides.

The aim of this study was to examine serum vitamin D concentrations from early pregnancy until delivery in women who did and did not develop preeclampsia.

Background: Pregnancy Induced hypertension continues to be rampant globally and is associated with high perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. It is still one of the most important and intriguing unsolved problems in obstetrics. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy account for approximately 7 to 15% of all pregnancies and nearly 25% of antenatal ward admissions. The condition complicates about 10% of pregnancies and is responsible for 14% of maternal deaths, 15% of perinatal deaths, and 30% of maternal near misses worldwide. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (PIH) are a group of disorders that range from pre-existing chronic hypertension in the index pregnancy to complex multisystem disorders such as preeclampsia, which can lead to complications such as eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema, stroke, and left ventricular failure. Though not preventable, early detection and proper intervention can signicantly reduce complications. This is achievable with Prenatal care at all levels. However, there is an unmet need in recognizing and managing PIH and its complications in low and middle-income countries due to pregnancy myths and misconceptions, transportation challenges, low socioeconomic status, and a lack of easy and expert antenatal care requiring a multidisciplinary approach, a lack of accurate prediction methods, and a scarcity of high dependency units (HDU). Early detection of a milder form of disease, corticosteroid administration, and careful timing of delivery can all help improve the outcome. In light of this, we designed and conceived the current study with the goal of studying the maternal and perinatal outcomes of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital. Furthermore, data from antenatal females with PIH admitted for safe connement were collected and classied into the following categories: GHTN, Preeclampsia, Chronic Hypertension, Chronic Hypertension superimposed with preeclampsia, and eclampsia. Finally, the method of delivery (vaginal/caesarean section) in each category of patients was examined. The study's ndings will assist us in determining the scope of the problem in our area and estimating the fetal and maternal complications associated with it. Methods: All patients beyond 20 weeks of pregnancy with pregnancy induced hypertension admitted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of MGM Medical College over a period of 18 months after approval from Institutional ethical committee was taken into consideration. The objective of the study was to analyze the cases of gestational hypertension, Chronic Hypertension, Chronic Hypertension superimposed with preeclampsia, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and their maternal outcome in terms of mode of delivery and complications. Perinatal outcome in relation to neonatal complications was also studied. The frequency and percentage for socio-demographic variables, mode of delivery and complications were analyzed. Results: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension cases accounted for 415 cases were enrolled during study period; The most common PIH presentation was pre-eclampsia, followed by severe pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, antepartum eclampsia. Maternal morbidity and mortality were observed in 37.6% of the women and 3.6%, respectively in our study. Abruption, wound infection, and eclampsia were the most common complications, accounting for 11%, 9%, and 7.7% of all cases, respectively. 48.2% of babies were shifted to mother side, followed by 41.6% were shifted to SNCU, 7.9% were Intrauterine deaths and least 2.1% were Still birth respectively Conclusions: Though the incidence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia is on the decline, still it remains the major contributor to poor maternal and fetal outcome. Regular antenatal checkups, early diagnosis, prompt multidisciplinary treatment, optimum timing of delivery reduces the incidence of complications and the maternal mortality. Early referral and management of these cases at centers with advanced neonatal facilities will reduce the perinatal mortality

Background A sudden emergence of global pandemic due to SARS- Cov -2 has changed the scenario of management of non COVID diseases. With very high infectivity rate and stormy course, this disease has made the lives of people miserable so with the health care facilities and treatment. All the medical fraternities are in the state of confusion that how to treat or not to treat the patients of illness other than the corona virus infection. We are sharing our experience of cardiac surgery at our tertiary center in lockdown and unlockdown period. Material And Method This is a retrospective study from April 2020 to November 2020. We have operated upon 232 cases in this duration. Results Out of 232 cases – Overall mortality –26, Post covid operated – 4, Number of covid positive after surgery – 3, Post covid mortality – 1 Conclusion Use of N95 mask, PPE kit or HIV KIT, with regular sanitization of hands have made possible to perform cardiac surgery in this difcult situation on the patients of cardiac illness which usually cannot wait longer.

Face recognition that is technology used for recognizing human faces based on certain patterns and re-detect faces in various conditions. Face recognition is currently becoming popular to be applied in various ways, especially in security systems. Various methods of face recognition have been proposed in researches and increased accuracy is the main goal in the development of face recognition methods. FaceNet is one of the new methods in face recognition technology. This method is based on a deep convolutional network and triplet loss training to carry out training data, but the training process requires complex computing and a long time. By integrating the Tensorflow learning machine and pre-trained model, the training time needed is much shorter. This research aims to conduct surveys, test performance, and compare the accuracy of the results of recognizing the face of the FaceNet method with various other methods that have been developed previously. Implementation of the FaceNet method in research using two types of pre-trained models, namely CASIA-WebFace and VGGFace2, and tested on various data sets of standard face images that have been widely used before. From the results of this research experiment, FaceNet showed excellent results and was superior to other methods. By using VGGFace2 pre-trained models, FaceNet is able to touch 100% accuracy on YALE, JAFFE, AT & T datasets, Essex faces95, Essex grimace, 99.375% for Essex faces94 dataset and the worst 77.67% for the faces96 dataset.

Numerous medications are used for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine (CM), including oral treatments, onabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA; BOTOX), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Despite substantial clinical trial evidence, less is published about the real-world experience of these treatments based on data routinely collected from a variety of sources. This systematic review assessed real-world evidence on the effectiveness and safety of preventive treatments for CM in adults.A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library with back-referencing and supplementary searches retrieved data published between January 2010 and February 2020. Publications were screened, extracted, and quality assessed. Data were narratively synthesized. Search criteria included preventive medications for CM. Evidence was available for topiramate, onabotulinumtoxinA, CGRP mAbs (erenumab, galcanezumab, and fremanezumab). OnabotulinumtoxinA was most commonly assessed (55 studies), followed by erenumab (six studies), multiple CGRP mAbs (one study), and topiramate (one study). Long-term data ( 1 year) were available for onabotulinumtoxinA only, with erenumab reported up 6 months, topiramate up to 3 months, and multiple CGRP mAbs up to 12 months.Substantial data demonstrated that onabotulinumtoxinA reduces the number/frequency of headaches, concomitant acute medication use, and impact of headaches on well-being and daily activity. More limited evidence showed benefits for the same parameters with erenumab. Single studies suggested topiramate and multiple CGRP mAbs decrease the number/frequency of headaches and impact of headaches. To date, onabotulinumtoxinA is the only preventive treatment for CM that has long-term safety data in real-world settings reporting treatment-related adverse events of up to 3 years.While substantial real-world evidence supports the long-term effectiveness and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA, real-world data on other preventive treatments of CM are currently limited to short term effectiveness due to their more recent approvals.

Dry Cowdung Powder (DCP) – a green biosorbent, has been demonstrated for Cs(I) removal from aqueous media using radiotracer technique. 100 mesh DCP was added to Cs(I) carrier solution spiked with radioactive Cs-137. Parameters like pH, biosorbent dose, agitation speed, contact time, temperature and Cs(I) ion concentration were optimized. Industrial effluents or other polluted water bodies contain different salts in varying proportions. To analyse the effect of these salts on adsorption of Cs(I), various sodium, potassium and ammonium salts were used. DCP characteristics pre and post biosorption of Cs(I) was analysed with EDAX spectra. The investigation reports a successful Cs(I) metal removal by following the principles of green chemistry.

Cloud computing plays a significant role in everyone’s lifestyle by snugly linking communities, information, and trades across the globe. Due to its NP-hard nature, recognizing the optimal solution for workflow scheduling in the cloud is a challenging area. We proposed a hybrid meta-heuristic cost-effective load-balanced approach to schedule workflow in a heterogeneous environment. Our model is based on a genetic algorithm integrated with predict earliest finish time (PEFT) to minimize makespan. Instead of assigning the task randomly to a virtual machine, we apply a greedy strategy that assigns the task to the lowest-loaded virtual machine. After completing the mutation operation, we verify the dependency constraint instead of each crossover operation, which yields a better outcome. The proposed model incorporates the virtual machine’s performance variance as well as acquisition delay, which concedes the minimum makespan and computing cost. One of the most astounding aspects of our cost-effective hybrid genetic algorithm (CHGA) is its capacity to anticipate by creating an optimistic cost table (OCT) while maintaining quadratic time complexity. Based on the results of our meticulous experiments on some real-world workflow benchmarks and comprehensive analysis of some recently successful scheduling algorithms, we concluded that the performance of our CHGA is melodious. CHGA is 14.58188%, 11.40224%, 11.75306%, and 9.78841% cheaper than standard Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cost Effective Genetic Algorithm(CEGA), and Cost-Effective Loadbalanced Genetic Algorithm (CLGA), respectively. Хмарні обчислення відіграють значну роль у способі життя кожно- го, щільно пов’язуючи спільноти, інформацію та торги по всьому світу. Розпі- знавання оптимального рішення для планування робочих процесів у хмарі є складною сферою через його NP-жорсткий характер. Запропоновано гібрид- ний метаевристичний економічно ефективний збалансований за навантажен- ням підхід до планування робочого процесу в гетерогенному середовищі. Мо- дель ґрунтується на генетичному алгоритмі, інтегрованому з прогнозом найбільш раннього часу фінішу (PEFT), щоб мінімізувати makepan. Замість призначення завдання випадковим чином на віртуальній машині застосовуємо жадібну стратегію, яка відводить завдання на віртуальну машину з найменш завантаженим. Після завершення операції мутації перевіряємо обмеження за- лежності замість кожної операції кросовера, що дає кращий результат. Запро- понована модель включає в себе дисперсію продуктивності віртуальної маши- ни, а також затримку придбання, яка поступається мінімальній вартості makepan і computing. Одним з найбільш приголомшливих аспектів економічно ефективного гібридного генетичного алгоритму ( CHGA ) є його здатність пе- редбачати, створюючи оптимістичну таблицю витрат ( OCT ), зберігаючи ква- дратичну складність часу. На основі результатів ретельних експериментів над деякими показниками робочого процесу в реальному світі та всебічного аналі- зу деяких нещодавно успішних алгоритмів планування отримано висновок, що продуктивність запропонованої CHGA є мелодійною.

Background: Thymectomy for widespread Myasthenia gravis may be associated with a turbulent postoperative course especially if preoperative circulating acetylcholine receptor autoantibody levels are towering. Plasmapheresis remove these antibodies. The aim of this study was to explore the results of preoperative Plamapheresis on postoperative course after thymectomy. Material And Method This is a retrospective study at tertiary care center where 13 patients of myasthenia gravis were operated in 3 year duration (2017-2020). All patients had undergone 2 cycles of plasmapheresis before surgery. Result was evaluated postoperatively in ICU, at the time of discharge, and at follow up after 7 days, 1 month and 6 month in terms of weaning from ventilator, ICU stay, level of autoantibodies and length of hospital stay, improvement in symptoms, and mortality. Results Out of 13 patients 5 (38.46%) were male and 8 (61.54%) were female in the age range of 20 to 60 years. 6 (46.15%) were in stage IIA and 7 (53.85%) in stage IIB. Preoperative autoantibody levels were in the range of 30-50 nmol/ml. Almost total thymectomy was done in all patients. Patients were extubated with in 4-6 hrs after surgery and there was no mortality. Patients were discharged at postoperative day 4-7. Conclusion The study shows that preoperative use of plasmapheresis to reduce the autoantibody level is associated with an early extubation, early discharge and less complication after thymectomy.

The present study reports the levels of maternal serum calcium and magnesium from early pregnancy until delivery, along with cord levels, in women who developed preeclampsia (PE) and compares them with those without PE. A total of 324 pregnant women (216 non-PE and 108 PE women) were included in this retrospective case-control study of prospectively collected data nested in an observational cohort study. Maternal blood was collected at 4 time points during pregnancy (V1 = 11-14 weeks, V2 = 18-22 weeks, V3 = 26-28 weeks, and V4 = at delivery) and umbilical cord blood at delivery. Independent t tests were used to compare calcium, magnesium, and their ratio between two groups, and their associations with PE were studied using regression models. Calcium levels were similar between groups at all time points. Magnesium levels were lower (p = 0.021) at V2 in PE group as compared with non-PE group. Maternal calcium and magnesium levels were negatively associated, with blood pressure in early pregnancy. In fully adjusted logistic regression analysis, lower magnesium levels were associated with an increased risk of PE at V2 (OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.07, 0.94] p = 0.04). Lower magnesium in mid-pregnancy was associated with higher risk of PE. These changes were observed before the diagnosis of PE, thereby suggesting that they may have a role in the etiology of PE.

Research question: What implications for policy and practice can be derived from outcomes and trends observed across 8 years of a surrogacy programme in two UK-regulated IVF centres (London, Cardiff)?\ud Design: Retrospective cohort study analysing surrogacy treatments undertaken between 2014 and September 2021.\ud Results: Surrogacy continues to rise in popularity in the UK despite the inability of those supporting safe and professional practice to advertise to recruit surrogates. In two IVF centres regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), both the number of surrogacy treatments and the proportion of those undertaken on behalf of same-sex male intended parents increased year on year in the period studied. From a cohort of 108 surrogates, 71 babies were born to 61 surrogates (with five pregnancies ongoing) by February 2022. No statistically significant difference in live birth rates (LBR) was observed between the heterosexual couples and same-sex male couples. Sample sizes of single and transgender intended parents were too small (n < 5) to compare. The use of vitrified oocytes in surrogacy treatments has increased year on year, while fresh oocyte use has declined since peaking in 2019. There was no significant difference in LBR between fresh and vitrified oocyte usage across the cohort.\ud Conclusions: The number of surrogacy treatments steadily increased, with clear evidence that the proportion of same-sex male couples accessing surrogacy is a major contributor to this growth. Vitrified/warmed oocyte use now outstrips the use of fresh oocytes in the surrogacy treatment cycles studied here. The results represent a strong basis for supporting the liberalization of regulatory reform expected to be introduced in the UK later in 2022.

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare soft tissue tumour that carries a high risk of local relapse. The tumour usually arises from the pelvic and perineal regions. We presented a case of a young girl with dwarfism, mental retardation and thyroid agenesis who presented with aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva. As it is almost exclusively seen in women of reproductive age group, this is the first case reported in a teenage girl, to the best of our knowledge. A mentally retarded girl, aged fifteen years, presented with a large mass hanging from the vulva, with ulceration over the mass. She had short stature, anasarca, mental retardation, primary amenorrhoea, under-developed secondary sexual characters .and thyroid agenesis. Local examination revealed a pedunculated mass of 15 by 4 cm size arising from the mons pubis closely resembling a giant penis. Full hormonal and radiological work-up was done. Her condition was optimized and the mass was removed with wide excision of margins followed by cystoscopy under general anaesthesia. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were suggestive of aggressive angiomyxoma. She has no recurrence till date. Despite its rarity, angiomyxoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any painless swelling located in the genitofemoral region. The principal treatment is surgical excision. Long term follow-up is needed due to its high tendency of local recurrence.

Introduction- Blunt or penetrating trauma to the lower chest and abdomen can result into rupture of diaphragm and herniation. Sometimes, it is life threatening if herniation is massive causing cardiorespiratory compromise or strangulation of herniated contents. Early diagnosis and intervention is must to save the life. The purpose of this retrospective study was to nd out etiology, management, and outcome of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia at our center. Methods– we have retrospectively analyzed 49 patients of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia admitted in SMS Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan, from June 2009 to June 2022. Analysis was done regarding age, gender, mode of injury, side of diaphragmatic injury, time to diagnosis, associated injuries, treatment and outcome. Results- The most common age group affected was 3rd decade (36%) and males (86%) outnumbered females (14%) with male to female ratio was 6:1. 88% patients suffered from blunt trauma while penetrating trauma was seen in 12% cases. Bullhorn injury, an unusual cause of injury, was noted in this study in 2 cases (4%). Left leaf of diaphragm (84%) was commonly injured than right leaf(16%). Thoracotomy was the preferred approach (69%) and laparotomy was done in 31% cases. Mortality rate was 6% in this series. Conclusion– Trauma to the lower chest and upper abdomen should raise the suspicion of diaphragm injury. Careful evaluation, routine radioghraphy, and intraoperative examination of diaphragm during any exploratory laparotomy or thoracotomy of trauma patients help in managing these cases timely with better results if not associated with severe cerebral and thoracoabdominal injuries.

In a relational database, classification algorithms are used to look for patterns across several interconnected relations. Most of the methods for multi-relational classification algorithms implicitly assume that the classes in the target relation are equally represented. Thus, they tend to produce poor predictive performance over the imbalanced dataset. In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm-level method MCMRC_IB for the classification of imbalanced multi-relational dataset. The proposed method extends MCMRC which is for balanced datasets. MCMRC_IB exploits the property of the imbalanced datasets that the minority class is represented by a smaller number of records usually 20-30% of the total records and is to be dealt accordingly by giving them weightages. The proposed method is able to handle multiple classes. Experimental results conðrm the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of predictive accuracy, F-measure, and G-mean.

PurposeThe study aims to identify the potential drivers of big data analytics (BDA) practices in the supply chain and develop a sustainability evaluation model to evaluate drivers of big data for sustainability development.Design/methodology/approachThe mixed-method approach was applied to assess sustainability dimensions and calculate the score using two phases. In Phase I, the BDA drivers in the e-commerce industry were finalised using the partial least square based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method. In Phase II, a case study in the Indian fashion e-commerce industry was carried out to evaluate sustainability dimensions with respect to drivers of BDA and the sustainability score was calculated using the fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method.FindingsThe index for economic sustainability (0.220), social sustainability (0.142) and environmental sustainability (0.182) were derived. The higher index value of economic sustainability compared to social sustainability and environmental sustainability signified those drivers of big data bring social and environmental uncertainty along with economic sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThe study will help practitioners promote BDA use for developing environmental/social/economic sustainability in supply chains. Policymakers must ensure whether the integration of BDA practices brings down cost and brings strategic value for ensuring big data success. The study will help managers decide a constant trade-off between the requirement for social, environmental and economic performance.Originality/valueThe study corroborates and adds to the BDA literature by emphasising the positive role of BDA in sustainability development in the supply chain area and highlighting the significant role of different drivers of BDA in sustainability development.

Conducting the exam in different shifts means the variation in the difficulty level of the different shifts of the exam. Various recruitment bodies adopt normalization process to solve this issue. This paper contains a detailed study of the normalization process carried out by the recruitment bodies. The study also includes the effect of normalization in the candidate's score and it depends on the difficulty level of the shift in which the candidate appears in the exam. This work can be further enhanced by comparing the different methods adopted by similar recruitment/selection organization and adopting the best, more appropriate approach to improve the system. This analysis will help in improving the evaluation system and make the system more robust and accurate. So that a more accurate merit list can be prepared and all the stakeholders can be reassured. It is very important to make the system transparent, so that the stakeholders have a clear understanding of the system and at the same time they should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of the system.

The collection of the many mobile nodes forming a short lived infrastructure with the help of any centralized administration. Since there's a random and dynamic modification in topology due to the quality of host, so the requirement for a study dynamic routing protocol is needed. Mobile ad-hoc network have the attributes like wireless affiliation, continuously dynamic topology, distributed operation and simple deployment. It establishes a short lived affiliation wherever nodes will be part of or leave the network at any time. Communication takes place by routing protocols in effective and economical manner in wireless network. Economical protocols are accustomed forward information packets while not a lot of packet loss. The target of the present paper is to boost the performance of the reactive and hybrid routing protocols with different directional antenna i.e. Omni and Pattern antenna with variation of pause time. The performance metrics in the research paper is PDR, NRL, Throughput and Routing Overhead.

As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and evolve, detecting emerging variants early is critical for public health interventions. Inferring lineage prevalence by clinical testing is infeasible at scale, especially in areas with limited resources, participation, or testing and/or sequencing capacity, which can also introduce biases1–3. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater successfully tracks regional infection dynamics and provides less biased abundance estimates than clinical testing4,5. Tracking virus genomic sequences in wastewater would improve community prevalence estimates and detect emerging variants. However, two factors limit wastewater-based genomic surveillance: low-quality sequence data and inability to estimate relative lineage abundance in mixed samples. Here we resolve these critical issues to perform a high-resolution, 295-day wastewater and clinical sequencing effort, in the controlled environment of a large university campus and the broader context of the surrounding county. We developed and deployed improved virus concentration protocols and deconvolution software that fully resolve multiple virus strains from wastewater. We detected emerging variants of concern up to 14 days earlier in wastewater samples, and identified multiple instances of virus spread not captured by clinical genomic surveillance. Our study provides a scalable solution for wastewater genomic surveillance that allows early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and identification of cryptic transmission.

The city of Rajsamand has experienced a vast change in land use and land cover in the last few decades. The main objective of this study is to analyze the change in land use/land cover (LULC) of Rajsamand urban area. Urbanization refers to industrialization and rapid growth in urban population. Land management is one of the most important elements in the development of the city. According to the present scenario, valuable agricultural land is being converted into non-agricultural land on the pretext of urban expansion of Rajsamand. The findings of this study provide information on changes in land use patterns that Rajsamand city officials can use to develop sustainable development plans.

The mode and the nature of advertising are changing drastically with the incorporation of digitally promoted Influencer Marketing. Social media platforms are no more the same as they used to be during their introduction. The increasing usage of social media is making the space more attractive for the brands to strategize and use the area efficiently. Social Listening has emerged as an essential tool for brands to look for the pain points' needs, convert them to opportunities, and gauge consumer engagement beyond mere sales operations. Influencer marketing powered by digital penetration has made an enormous paradigm shift, and it has been seen that consumers are highly willing to interact with brands and the promoters of the brands. The content generated by e-influencers is gaining immense importance and is increasing audiences' affinity towards the products/brands. Customer Susceptibility is a term used to understand the causes of consumer affinity. The two determinants, the Tendency to follow pages and the Willingness to online buying, are used to quantify Customer Susceptibility. It is evident from the study that the increasing tech-savviness and growing usage of social media are the primary factors along with the appealing content, which is provoking the potential consumers to click the embedded link promoted by the e-influencers and associate to explore more. Keywords: Influencer Marketing, Customer Susceptibility, Indian Retail Sector, Emerging Gig Economy

Natural resources have been overused and polluted over time, necessitating the use of renewable and environmentally friendly products. Electric vehicles are one of them. These take the place of cars that run on petrol. These are among the most important new technologies at the moment. But are they really as eco-friendly as they are marketed to be? The major goal of this paper is to determine whether or not electric cars are truly environmentally good over the course of their whole lives. To compile information and finish this particular work, a number of study papers that have already been released by renowned writers, journals, and websites were examined. After reading these articles, it became clear that electric vehicles are not at all environmentally beneficial; rather, when compared to regular gasoline vehicles, they produce higher emissions of dangerous greenhouse gases. The fact that electric vehicles produce no emissions from their tailpipes while they are in motion is well known, yet these emissions are already produced during the production and assembly of the vehicles as well as when they are being charged. These manufacturing facilities are already contributing to pollution on behalf of the electric industry since the industries where they are assembled and manufactured are powered by electricity, which is created by igniting fossil fuels such as coal. After an electric vehicle's life cycle is complete, disposing of the batteries can be a difficult issue because they contain potentially dangerous compounds for the environment. The primary solution is to power assembly plants and manufacturing facilities with clean energy such as renewable energy sources (solar and wind). This will have a significant positive impact. It will also make electric vehicles much greener and better for the environment, if all charging stations are powered by clean energy sources. When these cars' lives are through, their batteries must not be thrown away but rather utilized for secondary functions in businesses and homes, solving the problem of battery disposal. For a quicker uptake of electric vehicles in the Indian auto market, the government has also announced a plan to install a large number of charging stations across the nation and offers subsidy programs like FAME. The future of transportation will thus be electric vehicles, but only if they are powered throughout their entire life cycle by clean and renewable energy sources.

Background: A bioactive flavone, apigenin is plentifully present in common vegetables and fruits including spinach, parsley, celery stalks, peas, black olives, olive oil, grapefruit, kumquat, honey etc. It is a low-toxic flavonoid. Flavonoids are currently considered an important component in a huge range of cosmetic, pharmacological, and medical formulations. According to epidemiological research flavone-rich diets have been related to a lower risk of cancer notably, lung, skin, prostate, breast cancers and certain hematological disorders. It has been proposed as a preventive agent in other disorders such as oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular and neurological issues. Apigenin-enriched medications are more effective for some chronic conditions, but if consumed regularly, they can harm animal and human health such as stomach discomfort, skin irritation, numbness and prolonged sedation etc. Apigenin's bioavailability limitations need the development of innovative carriers to increase bioavailability. Flavonoid’s data is gathered from the major public databank in order to emphasize apigenin's important role in the treatment and prevention of numerous illnesses, as well as to explore its health consequences. Method: The literature review of the apigenin was collected from various databases viz. Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Google and Science Direct etc. Results: The compiled data on the therapeutic efficacy of apigenin and its derivatives provides a platform for future researcher. Conclusion: The data revealed the pharmacological effects viz. anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, ischemic stroke and anti-arthritic activities of apigenin isolated by using different solvents and analytical methods that can be useful in the utilization for the development and formulation of herbal preparation by future researchers.

Day by day as the population increases, food waste keeps on growing. This waste needs to be managed in order to reduce the number of landfills and to use food waste efficiently. Among the various processes available, Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of food waste is one of the alternatives for processing food waste. The two biggest obstacles to anaerobic digestion of food waste are high biodegradability and high C/N ratio. The C/N ratio determines the ratio between substrate and nutrients; the latter is essential for microbial synthesis and for providing alkalinity through ammonia metabolism. Biogas, a product of the anaerobic digestion process, is a clean and renewable form of energy that can replace conventional energy sources that cause ecological-environmental problems and at the same time are depleted more quickly. The aim of this work was to increase the nitrogen content to enhance the production of biogas from canteen waste. During the process, two digesters of the same capacity were operated. Anaerobic digestion of canteen waste along with addition of ammonium chloride was carried out in Digester 1 while AD of only canteen waste was carried out in Digester 2. The amount of biogas produced in Digester 1 was in the range of 0.04 m3/kg–0.075 m3/kg, while in Digester 2 the volume range was 0.02 m3/kg–0.04 m3/kg. The average biogas produced in digester 1 consisting of canteen waste and nitrogen source was 0.053 m3/kg while biogas production in digester 2 with only canteen waste was 0.030 m3/kg. So, biogas produced by addition of nitrogen source was 77 % higher than that of only canteen waste. From this study we obtained a higher amount of biogas by addition of ammonium chloride as an external nitrogen source. Nitrogen demand of methanogens was fulfilled by additional supply of nitrogen resulting in increased quantity of biogas. Therefore, in anaerobic digestion addition of ammonium chloride was beneficial for food waste digestion. Hence, nitrogen content in canteen waste turned out to be the main parameter affecting anaerobic digestion of canteen waste which is justified in this research.

The purpose of this study was to explore the anti-cancer activity and the possible mechanism of Dawa-ul kurkum (Duk) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. We administered Duk at 3 doses, viz., 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day, 2 weeks before the DEN and continued it for 16 weeks. We found that Duk significantly reduced the DEN and 2-AAF induced phenotypical changes in rats and restored the activities of serum markers. Furthermore, Duk counteracted the oxidative stress induced by carcinogens as observed by restoration in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Duk significantly diminished the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose dependent manner and restored the liver microarchitecture as assessed by histopathological studies. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that Duk inhibited the DEN-induced decrease in the number of cells positive for Bid and Caspase-9. It also reduces the number of cells positive for Cyclin D. This study shows that Duk significantly protects rat liver from hepatocarcinogenesis by regulating oxidative damage and restoring serum markers. The chemopreventive effect of Duk might be through induction of apoptosis.

The food varieties which complete what seems like a forever cycle from development to bundling through nanotechnology are known as Nano food, for instance, we are devouring some braced food that has nanoparticles like iron, zinc, omega 3, and coenzymes. Numerous food sources normally having safe nanoparticles, get processed in the body at the nanoscale. Nano food sources have high dietary benefits and less bad cholesterol. They are the cutting-edge food that may battle against Malnutrition. There are more than 500 nano foods accessible in the market which can be sorted as Nanoemulsion, Nano container, and bundled food. Nanoparticles are additionally utilized as a protected palatable covering that monitors our food against parasite, dampness, and gas trade in this way expanding the self-existence of food. Nanoparticles have an extraordinary job in food bundling.

Cardiovascular disease has a significant global impact. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of disability and mortality in most developed countries. Cardiovascular disease is a condition that disturbs the structures and functionality of the heart and can also be called heart disease. Cardiovascular diseases require more precise, accurate, and reliable detection and forecasting because even a small inaccuracy might lead to fatigue or mortality. There are very few death occurrences related to cardio sickness, and the amount is expanding rapidly. Predicting this disease at its early stage can be done by employing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, which may help reduce the number of deaths. Data pre-processing can be employed here to eliminate randomness in data, replace missing data, fill in default values if appropriate, and categorize features for forecasting and making decisions at various levels. This research investigates various parameters that are related to the cause of heart disease. Several models discussed here will come under the supervised learning type of algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and Naïve Bayes (NB) algorithm. The existing dataset of heart disease patients from the Kaggle has been used for the analysis. The dataset includes 300 instances and 13 parameters and 1 label are used for prediction and testing the performance of various algorithms. Predicting the likelihood that a given patient will be affected by the cardiac disease is the goal of this research. The most important purpose of the study is to make better efficiency and precision for the detection of cardiovascular disease in which the target output ultimately matters whether or not a person has heart disease.

The circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccfNAs) consist of a heterogenous cocktail of both single (ssNA) and double-stranded (dsNA) nucleic acids. These ccfNAs are secreted into the blood circulation by both healthy and malignant cells via various mechanisms including apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion. The major source of ccfNAs are the cells of hematopoietic system under healthy conditions. These ccfNAs include fragmented circulating cell free DNA (ccfDNA), coding or messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and mitochondrial DNA/RNA (mtDNA and mtRNA), that serve as prospective biomarkers in assessment of various clinical conditions. For, e.g., free fetal DNA and RNA migrate into the maternal plasma, whereas circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has clinical relevance in diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic targeting, and disease progression monitoring to improve precision medicine in cancer. The epigenetic modifications of ccfDNA as well as circulating cell-free RNA (ccfRNA) such as miRNA and lncRNA show disease-related variations and hold potential as epigenetic biomarkers. The messenger RNA present in the circulation or the circulating cell free mRNA (ccf-mRNA) and long non-coding RNA (ccf-lncRNA) have gradually become substantial in liquid biopsy by acting as effective biomarkers to assess various aspects of disease diagnosis and prognosis. Conversely, the simultaneous characterization of coding and non-coding RNAs in human biofluids still poses a significant hurdle. Moreover, a comprehensive assessment of ccfRNA that may reflect the tumor microenvironment is being explored. In this review, we focus on the novel approaches for exploring ccfDNA and ccfRNAs, specifically ccf-mRNA as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Integrating the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for cancer genotyping in conjunction with ccfRNA both quantitatively and qualitatively, may potentially hold immense promise towards precision medicine. The current challenges and future directions in deciphering the complexity of cancer networks based on the dynamic state of ccfNAs will be discussed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has recently become a threat all across the globe with the rising cases every day and many countries experiencing its outbreak. According to the WHO, the virus is capable of spreading at an exponential rate across countries, and India is now one of the worst-affected country in the world. Researchers all around the world are racing to come up with a cure or treatment for COVID-19, and this is creating extreme pressure on the policy makers and epidemiologists. However, in India the recovery rate has been far better than in other countries, and is steadily improving. Still in such a difficult situation with no effective medicine, it is essential to know if a patient with the COVID-19 is going to recover or die. To meet this end, a model has been developed in this article to estimate the probability of a recovery of a patient based on the demographic characteristics. The study used data published by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India for the empirical analysis.

IoT is a system of interconnected devices which can collect and transfer data without human interference. Now-days IoT is used in various sectors including industries, agriculture, medical, smart city etc. This article review about smart city including – smart home which measures temperature according environment, smart garden which is sprinkling water according to water lever, smart grid which taking energy from solar panel and transfers it to power meter which charge the battery and helps in glowing the bulb. Smart city are the modern urban concepts that are essential for people to have quality of life. In view of the fact that high-tech, reasonable and control obstacle, the smart city opinion is still not extensive through the world. As a consequence, the major purpose of this paper is to carry the personification of smart city. We explain many challenges and opportunities in smart city. The enormity and diversity of devices and their and configuration provide inventive services and frameworks that need a new stimulating sight in integration, reliability and management of data. In this paper the simulation of related work is done by CISCO PACKET TRACER (7.3.1). Keywords: IOT, Smart City, Smart home, Smart grid, Smart garden. RFID, CISCO PACKET TRACER