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We analyzed the relationship between the distribution of amphibians and the environmental variables at the habitat level and landscape level in Fengqiu County of Henan Province, a typical region of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, with the support of geographic information system (GIS) and R software. At the habitat level, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity (COND), turbidity (TURB), NH以黄河下游地区封丘县为研究区,在地理信息系统和R软件的支持下,在栖息地水平和景观水平上,分析了两栖类生物分布与栖息地变量(池塘水体溶解氧DO、电导率COND、浊度TURB、水体氨氮NH

Intensive agriculture is the way for production and management in modern agriculture, which increases the yield per unit area of farmland, brings a series of environmental and ecological problems, and limits the sustainability of agriculture. Landscape preference focuses on different stakeholders' preferences for landscape, reflects the influences of human's subjective feelings and behaviors on landscape. Based on the agricultural landscape of Fengqiu County in Henan Province, we investigated the characteristics of the landscape elements which stakeholders preferred and analyzed the reasons using the questionnaire survey and other related methods. We proposed several suggestions for future development of the agricultural landscape in study area. The results showed that stakeholders preferred the landscape element which is simple and easy to manage, and emphasized the production and economic functions of agricultural landscape. Experts and local environmentalists preferred the landscape elements with multiple functions and benefits, as well as complex landscape configurations with high heterogeneity, with the aim to develop the multifunctional agricultural landscape. Factors such as education level, professional background and types of intervie-wees had obvious influences on the landscape preference of stakeholders. The decision-making beha-vior of government, the degree of economic compensation, and the technological support of eco-agriculture would be the important factors determining the possible development of landscape structure and function in the future.集约化农业是现代农业的生产经营方式,在提高农田单位面积产量的同时却带来了一系列环境和生态问题,限制了农业的可持续发展.景观偏好是景观生态学中探讨不同利益相关者对景观产生不同喜好的研究,能够反映人类的主观感受及其产生的行为对景观造成的影响.本文以河南省封丘县农业景观为例,通过问卷调查和其他相关方法综合分析了不同利益相关者所偏好的景观特征以及产生差异的原因,并为将来研究区农业景观的发展提出建议.结果表明: 封丘县的当地利益相关者更偏好简单规则且容易管理的景观要素,强调农业景观的生产及经济功能;专家和当地环保人士更偏好多功能兼具的景观要素,以及高异质性的复杂景观构型,倾向于发展多功能农业景观;文化程度、专业背景、受访者类别等因素均对研究区利益相关者的景观偏好存在明显影响.政府的决策行为、经济补偿程度、生态农业技术支持是影响并决定研究区景观结构和功能发生演变的重要因素.

Soil phosphorus is an important indicator to measure the soil fertility, because the content of soil phosphorus has an important effect on physical and chemical properties of soil, plant growth, and microbial activity in soil. In this study, the soil samples collecting and indoor analysis were conducted in Zhoukou City located in the flooded area of the Yellow River. By using GIS combined with geo-statistics, we tried to analyze the spatial variability and content distribution of soil total phosphorus (TP) and soil available phosphorus (AP) in the study area. Results showed that TP and AP of both soil layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) were rich, and the contents of TP and AP in surface layer (0-20 cm) were higher than in the second layer (20-40 cm). TP and AP of both soil layers exhibited variation at medium level, and AP had varied much higher than TP. TP of both layers showed medium degree of anisotropy which could be well modeled by the Gaussian model. TP in the surface layer showed strong spatial correlation, but that of the second layer had medium spatial correlation. AP of both layers had a weaker scope in anisotropy which could be simulated by linear model, and both soil layers showed weaker spatial correlations. TP of both soil layers showed a slowly rising change from southwest to northeast of the study area, while it gradually declined from northwest to southeast. AP in soil surface layer exhibited an increase tendency firstly and then decrease from southwest to the northeast, while it decreased firstly and then increased from southeast to the northwest. AP in the second soil layer had an opposite change in the southwest to the northeast, while it showed continuously increasing tendency from northwest to the southeast. The contents of TP and AP in the surface layer presented high grades and the second layer of TP belonged to medium grade, but the second layer of AP was in a lower grade. The artificial factors such as land use type, cropping system, irrigation and fertilization were the main factors influencing the distribution and spatial variation of soil phosphorus in this area.土壤中的磷是衡量土壤肥力的重要指标,其含量的高低对土壤理化性质、植物生长以及微生物的活动等都有重要影响.本文以周口黄泛区土壤为例,通过土样采集和室内试验分析,运用地统计分析及GIS空间模拟等方法,分析土壤全磷和速效磷的空间分布特征.结果表明: 研究区土壤全磷和速效磷含量比较高,且表层(0～20 cm)含量均高于第二层含量(20～40 cm).两层土壤全磷和速效磷均属于中等程度变异,并且速效磷的变异程度高于全磷;两层土壤全磷为中等程度的各向异性,最适模型为高斯模型,表层具有较强的空间相关性,第二层则具有中等的空间相关性. 两层土壤速效磷的各向异性均较弱,最适模型为线性模型,两层均呈现较弱的空间相关性. 两层全磷含量从西南到东北方向呈现缓慢上升的变异趋势,而从西北到东南方向呈逐渐下降的变异趋势. 表层速效磷含量在西南到东北方向先升后降,在东南到西北方向呈先降后升的变异趋势;第二层速效磷含量在西南到东北方向上呈现先降后升的趋势,而在西北到东南方向则呈上升趋势.表层土壤全磷含量较高,第二层含量属于中等水平;表层速效磷含量较高,而第二层含量较低.土地利用方式、耕作制度和施肥等人为因素是影响该区土壤磷分布趋势和空间变异的主要因素.

Ship damage control is an important measure to maintain ship vitality when suffering damages. Through the study of a single node command ship damage control disposal process, this article established a model of ship damage control command based on T-Petri; On the basis of analyzing of typical damage by the crew compartment fire scene processing based on T-Petri damage control model, and optimizing the time delay of the key damage control events, it helped the damage control command to become standard process and enhanced capabilities of command staff.

Biomass of dominant and companion species in plant functional groups may reflect associations among plant functional groups and species replacement along environmental (elevation) gradients in the typical area of Yi-Luo River. Using community ecology techniques, these researchers examined the influences of elevation factors on plant functional group dynamics and population interactions along elevation gradients in the drainage area of Yi-Luo River. Leaf/stem/fruit/total biomass of dominant and companion species in plant functional groups were calculated and the correlation between elevation and species biomass was analyzed. We showed that elevation was the most important environmental factor affecting the distribution pattern of biomass of plant functional groups composition. Total leaf and stem and fruit biomasses of dominant and companion 19 perennial herbaceous species in plant functional groups were significantly correlated with elevation gradient (P

Micro-blog sentiment orientation analysis's important signification is analyzed firstly, and then proposes a new Improved Dependency Parsing to analyze micro-blog sentiment orientation on the base of analyzing the peculiarity of micro-blog texts. This improved algorithm includes the sentiment orientation analysis of emoticons and punctuation, and analyze sentiment orientation base on the distance to the kernel emotional words in syntax structure. Experimentations show the algorithm has the good applicability and robustness.

For real-time simulation of wave and its three-dimensional characteristics, an effective method is presented. Firstly, the LOD quadtree method is taken for high-precision grid drawing and improved Gerstner model is used for water height field modeling. Secondly, use P-M spectral theory to determine the upper and lower waves frequency limits. Then solve amplitude with integration method and extend it to arbitrary spectral sampling. Finally, after determine waveform parameter based on wave spectrum, we realize simulation of high-precision and large scale dynamic of real-time ocean waves.

For the complexity of the ship feature classification and sensitivity of optical sensor to weather, airspace, illumination and other marine environment, we propose a new unsupervised multi-ship image segmentation algorithm of remote sensing platforms, including separation from the target area of the adaptive multi threshold criterion, algorithm based on multiscale Ncut hierarchical, multi-objective analysis of ship motion. Finally, through verification and analysis by experiment, comparing with other relevant segmentation methods, our method has better robustness and recognition effect.

Wave simulation is the key technology in building model library of virtual combat platforms at sea, which directly affect the fidelity and feasibility. we firstly analyze regular waves model simulation. Then discuss the simulation of irregular waves and its three-dimensional generation algorithm using linear wave superposition method and wave spectrum theory. Through establishment of the sea regular grid and calling the OpenGL library, We reach the simulation results and provide a technical solution for virtual maritime combat platforms.

Component metadata is one of the most effective methods to improve the testability of component-based software. In this paper, we give definition of a component and summarize all possible changes of component. All these changes are further classified into two types and described as a two-tuple. Then a change model is constructed. We present the conceptions of mapping mechanism to implement changes within component mapping to interface changes of component. And we introduce the conceptions of present change-interface mapping graph(C-IMG), change-interface dependency relationship (C-IDR), method dependency graph (MDG) and component interface model(CIM) to describe the mapping mechanism. Furthermore, a relative mapping algorithm is given based on the above mapping mechanism. In the following, we apply above model research to component RegisterStuGrade developed by ourselves and compare with regression testing technique without metadata and Orso method in regression testing cases number and running time to verify the validity of our method.