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In October 2022, common Asian cowpea (Vigna nakashimae) powdery mildew disease was investigated at Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea (36°40’12.7"N,126°51’36.4"E). The disease mainly occurred on the front of the leaves, and weak powdery mildew disease occurred on the back side of leaf. The chasmothecia was identified on the back side of the leaf. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence and 28S large subunit sequence, along with the morphological characteristics of the anamorph and teleomorph of the causal fungus identified as Podosphaera xanthii. This is the first time in Korea to report common Asian cowpea (Vigna nakashimae) powdery mildew disease caused by Podospaera xanthii.

Real-world passive radiative cooling requires highly emissive, selective, and omnidirectional thermal emitters to maintain the radiative cooler at a certain temperature below the ambient temperature while maximizing the net cooling power. Despite various selective thermal emitters have been demonstrated, it is still challenging to achieve these conditions simultaneously because of the extreme complexity of controlling thermal emission of photonic structures in multidimension. Here we demonstrated machine learning mediated hybrid metasurface thermal emitters with a high emissivity of ~0.92 within the atmospheric transparency window 8-13 {\mu}m, a large spectral selectivity of ~1.8 and a wide emission angle up to 80 degrees, simultaneously. This selective and omnidirectional thermal emitter has led to a new record of temperature reduction as large as ~15.4 degree under strong solar irradiation of ~800 W/m2, significantly surpassing the state-of-the-art results. The designed structures also show great potential in tackling the urban heat island effect, with modelling results suggesting a large energy saving and deployment area reduction. This research will make significant impact on passive radiative cooling, thermal energy photonics and tackling global climate change.

The assessment and prevention of mineral and bone disorder (MBD) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have not been standardized. This study aimed to evaluate MBD one year after kidney transplantation (KT) and identify the influencing factors of MBD. A total of 95 KTRs in our center were enrolled. The changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism biochemical markers, including serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus(P), 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)vitD), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin (OC), type I collagen N-terminal peptide and type I collagen C-terminal peptide (CTx), over one year after KT were assessed. The possible influencing factors of BMD were analyzed. The relationships between bone metabolism biochemical markers were evaluated. The indicators between groups with or without iPTH normalization were also compared. MBD after KT was manifested as an increased prevalence of hypophosphatemia and bone loss, persistent 25(OH)vitD deficiency, and partially decreased PTH and bone turnover markers (BTMs). Femoral neck BMD was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and postoperative 25(OH)vitD, and negatively correlated with postoperative PTH. Lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with BMI and preoperative TG, and negatively correlated with preoperative OC and CTx. BMD loss was positively associated with glucocorticoid accumulation. Preoperative and postoperative iPTH was negatively correlated with postoperative serum P and 25(OH)vitD, and positively correlated with postoperative Ca and BTMs. The recipients without iPTH normalization, who accounted for 41.0% of all KTRs, presented with higher Ca, lower P, higher BTMs, advanced age, and a higher prevalence of preoperative parathyroid hyperplasia. MBD persisted after KT, showing a close relationship with hyperparathyroidism, high bone turnover, and glucocorticoid accumulation.

In X-ray spectrum analysis, the pulse pile-up is a long-standing issue which deteriorates the energy resolution and count rates of the radiation detection systems. In this study, a novel pulse pile-up identification method based on particle swarm optimization and double-layer parameter identification model (PSO-DLPIM) is proposed. Different Gaussian pile-up waveforms are realized by exponential pulse through Sallen-Key (S-K) low-pass filtering. Then, the proposed model recognizes the parameters of each sub-Gaussian pulse. Especially, it can be used to modelling the pulse indirectly without a certain model parameter and overcomes the model mismatch troubles. Finally, computer simulations and experimental tests are carried out and the results show that this method has higher accuracy for the recognition of pile-up pulses. The example shows that the minimum distance between pulses that can be identified by this method is 0.05 μs. And when the pulse generation time is known and the environmental noise is low, the relative error of the amplitude of pulse pile-up recognition is as low as 0.15%. Therefore, this method can greatly improve the resolution of the X-ray spectrum.

Background: Opioids are frequently used for pain control after carpal tunnel release (CTR). However, few studies have examined whether the use of opioids is necessary for pain control after CTR. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of codeine versus paracetamol for pain control after CTR. Methods: This is a prospective comparison of consecutive patients’ subjective perception of pain after outpatient CTR. Patients were randomised to receive either codeine or paracetamol for pain control after CTR. Visual analogue scale for pain of both groups was compared on the day of surgery and the first three post-operative days (POD) using non-inferiority test. Results: In the codeine group, the mean pain score was 5.2, 4.0, 2.6 and 1.6 on the day of surgery and the first, second and third days after surgery, respectively. In the paracetamol group, the mean VAS score in the same period was 4.3, 3.5, 2.8 and 2.3. There was no significant difference in the mean visual analogue pain scores between the two groups from the day of surgery to the third POD. Conclusions: Paracetamol was as effective as codeine for relieving the pain after outpatient CTR. Our results suggest that the clinicians might avoid unnecessary prescription of the opioid after outpatient CTR. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)

Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) initiates a potent anti-viral immune response by binding to double-stranded RNA ligands. Previous crystallographic studies showed that TLR3 forms a homodimer when bound to a 46-base pair RNA ligand. However, this short RNA fails to initiate a robust immune response. To obtain structural insights into the length dependency of TLR3 ligands, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of full-length TLR3 in a complex with a synthetic RNA ligand with an average length of ~400 base pairs. In the structure, the dimeric TLR3 units are clustered along the double-stranded RNA helix in a highly organized and cooperative fashion with a uniform inter-dimer spacing of 103 angstroms. The intracellular and transmembrane domains are dispensable for the clustering because their deletion does not interfere with the cluster formation. Our structural observation suggests that ligand-induced clustering of TLR3 dimers triggers the ordered assembly of intracellular signaling adaptors and initiates a robust innate immune response.

Background: The novel arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)-associated ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) risk-prediction model endorsed by Cadrin-Tourigny et al. was recently developed to estimate visual VA risk and was identified to be more effective for predicting ventricular events than the International Task Force Consensus (ITFC) criteria, and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) criteria. Data regarding its application in Asians are lacking. Objectives: We aimed to perform an external validation of this algorithm in the Chinese ARVC population. Methods: The study enrolled 88 ARVC patients who received implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) from January 2005 to January 2020. The primary endpoint was appropriate ICD therapies. The novel prediction model was used to calculate a priori predicted VA risk that was compared with the observed rates. Results: During a median follow-up of 3.9 years, 57 (64.8%) patients received the ICD therapy. Patients with implanted ICDs for primary prevention had non-significantly lower rates of ICD therapy than secondary prevention (5-year event rate: 0.46 (0.13–0.66) and 0.80 (0.64–0.89); log-rank p = 0.098). The validation study revealed the C-statistic of 0.833 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.615–1.000), and the predicted and the observed patterns were similar in primary prevention patients (mean predicted–observed risk: −0.07 (95% CI −0.21, 0.09)). However, in secondary prevention patients, the C-statistic was 0.640 (95% CI 0.510–0.770) and the predicted risk was significantly underestimated (mean predicted–observed risk: −0.32 (95% CI −0.39, −0.24)). The recalibration analysis showed that the performance of the prediction model in secondary prevention patients was improved, with the mean predicted–observed risk of −0.04 (95% CI −0.10, 0.03). Conclusions: The novel risk-prediction model had a good fitness to predict arrhythmic risk in Asian ARVC patients for primary prevention, and for secondary prevention patients after recalibration of the baseline risk.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Study population flow chart. Fig. S2. The mean (95% CI) of TyG index was 8.56 (8.52, 8.59). Fig. S3. The mean (95% CI) of SBP was 118.64 (117.89, 119.39) mmHg. Fig. S4. The correlation analysis between TyG index and SBP. Table S1. The correlation between TyG index and SBP was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Table S2. Results of univariate Cox regression analysis. Table S3. ROC curve analysis determined optimal cut off thresholds for TyG and all-cause mortality. Table S4. ROC curve analysis determined optimal cut-off thresholds for TyG and cardiovascular mortality. Table S5. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of different SBP levels (130 mmHg) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Fig. S5. Comparison of the predictive ability of SBP and TyG index for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Table S6. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of different SBP levels (140 mmHg) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

1. Network modeling and parameter definition; 2. Features of different scales of MDUNet

3D Morphable models of the human body capture variations among subjects andare useful in reconstruction and editing applications. Current dental modelsuse an explicit mesh scene representation and model only the teeth, ignoringthe gum. In this work, we present the first parametric 3D morphable dentalmodel for both teeth and gum. Our model uses an implicit scene representationand is learned from rigidly aligned scans. It is based on a component-wiserepresentation for each tooth and the gum, together with a learnable latentcode for each of such components. It also learns a template shape thus enablingseveral applications such as segmentation, interpolation, and toothreplacement. Our reconstruction quality is on par with the most advanced globalimplicit representations while enabling novel applications. Project page:https://vcai.mpi-inf.mpg.de/projects/DMM/

Significance HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1)-CLEAVAGE SUBTILASE 1 (HCS1) is a novel negative regulator of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis that degrades HYL1 in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, cytoplasm CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) E3 ligase inhibit HCS1-mediated HYL1 degradation. The COP1-HYL1-HCS1 network may integrate two essential cellular pathways: the miRNA-biogenetic pathway and light signaling pathway. Our finding suggests a regulatory pathway in the miRNA-biogenetic system.

In this study, we propose a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based user identification method using accelerometer data from smart shoes. In general, for the user identification with human walking data, we require a pre-processing stage in order to divide human walking data into individual steps. Next, user identification can be made with divided step data. In these approaches, when there exist partial data that cannot complete a single step, it is difficult to apply those data to the classification. Considering these facts, in this study, we present a stack LSTM-based user identification method for smart-shoes data. Rather than using a complicated analysis method, we designed an LSTM network for user identification with accelerometer data of smart shoes. In order to learn partial data, the LSTM network was trained using walking data with random sizes and random locations. Then, the identification can be made without any additional analysis such as step division. In the experiments, user walking data with 10 m were used. The experimental results show that the average recognition rate was about 93.41%, 97.19%, and 98.26% by using walking data of 2.6, 3.9, and 5.2 s, respectively. With the experimental results, we show that the proposed method can classify users effectively.

S5 2007+777 is a typical BL Lac object with a low peak frequency, and a kpc-scale extended X-ray jet. In the literature, the Doppler factor derived at the X-ray waveband by means of model estimation is about 13.0, then the intrinsic jet scale can reach the order of magnitude of 1 Mpc. In this work, we have studied the radio structure of the jet, the brightness temperature, proper motion and other properties of this source with the collected EVN (European VLBI Network) high-resolution archive data, and the American VLBA (Very Long Baseline Array) 15 GHz observed data, etc. It is found that the jet directions measured at the different wavebands of the VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) are consistent, but slightly different from the direction of the kpc-scale X-ray jet given by the literature and the direction of the VLA (Very Large Array) radio jet, which means that the Doppler brightening effect exists in the jet emission of the source. Both the mean value and median value of the radio Doppler factor of this source estimated from the brightness temperature that measured by the VLBI are 5.0, which is smaller than the Doppler factor at the X-ray waveband given by the literature, but consistent with the Doppler factor at the radio waveband obtained by using the other methods in the literature. Furthermore, by fitting the data observed in multiple epochs, it is found that the various components of the source at the same waveband do not have an evident proper motion in a long epoch, but the proper motion in short epochs exhibits even a super-luminal motion. This may be caused by the transfer of the central position of the component with a low surface brightness. Meanwhile, this also verifies the conclusion that the radio Doppler factor estimated previously is not very large, and smaller than the Doppler factor in the X-ray waveband. By using the obtained radio Doppler factor, it is found that the source has an intrinsic radio jet of rather large scale, which may reach 0.5 Mpc, because the mean value is adopted in this case, thus it indicates that the source also possibly possesses a jet close to the scale of a giant radio galaxy.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sports fun and interpersonal competence on leisure satisfaction of badminton club activities. The purpose of this study is to provide the data that can be used as base for the badminton club activities by identifying the effects of the socialization process on the leisure satisfaction factors for the sporting fun factor and interpersonal competence of the club participants. To accomplish the purpose of this study, 344 participants in the Badminton Club of Gwangju Metropolitan City in 2018 were selected for the study, and the questionnaires were used to collect and analyze the data, and the following conclusions were drawn. First, the effect of sports fun factors on leisure satisfaction of badminton club participants, in environmental satisfaction-interpersonal relationship, technical skill factor, in physical satisfaction-interpersonal relationship, daily escape, technical skill factor, in social satisfaction-victory/competition, interpersonal relationship, commitment factor, in emotional satisfaction-victory/competition, interpersonal relationships, daily escape factors, in educational satisfaction, victory/competition, interpersonal relationship, commitment, and technical skill factors were found to have a significant effect Second, the effect of interpersonal competence on leisure satisfaction of the participants of badminton club. In environmental satisfaction-understanding and care factor, in physical satisfaction-understanding and care, expression factor, in social satisfaction-relationship formation, rnderstanding and care factor, in emotional satisfaction-understanding and care, i educational satisfaction-elationship formation, understanding and consideration, and expressive factors were found to have significant influence.

An efficient method for analysis of the non-linear interaction between corona-generated space charge and the electric field is developed by minimizing an error function over the entire domain. The error function is defined in terms of current densities at each node by combining element errors that violate the divergence theorem. An iterative process can be effectively conducted without solving large system matrix. The electric field produced by the induced voltage is calculated by the method of moments (MoM), and the computational load is reduced by composing the system matrix exclusively on the conductor surface. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, the resulting current density and ground profiles of the electric field are compared to the results from the analytic method and the experiment.

In this paper, we study the effects of radiation-induced soft errors in iterative learning control(ILC) and present the compensation techniques to make the ILC systems robust against soft errors. Soft errors are transient faults, which occur temporarily in memories where the energetic particles strike the sensitive region in the transistors mainly under abnormal conditions such as high radiation, high temperature, and high pressure. These soft errors can cause bit value changes without any notification to the controller, affect the stability of the system, and result in catastrophic consequences. First, we investigate and analyze the effects of soft errors in the ILC systems. Our analytical study shows that when a single soft error occurs in the output data from the ILC, the performance of the learning control is significantly degraded. Second, we propose novel learning methods by incorporating the existing techniques across the system abstraction levels in the ILC to compensate for soft-error-induced incorrect output. The occurrence of soft errors is estimated by using a monotonic convergence of the erroneous outputs in a cross-layer manner, and our proposed methods can significantly reduce these negative impacts on the system performance. Under the assumption of soft error occurrence, our analytic study has proved the convergence of the proposed methods in the ILC systems and our simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods to efficiently reduce the impacts of soft-error-induced outputs in the ILC systems.

In this paper, we propose a novel method for ambulatory activity recognition and pedestrian identification based on temporally adaptive weighting accumulation-based features extracted from categorical plantar pressure. The method relies on three pressure-related features, which are calculated by accumulating the pressure of the standing foot in each step over three different temporal weighting forms. In addition, we consider a feature reflecting the pressure variation. These four features characterize the standing posture in a step by differently weighting step pressure data over time. We use these features to analyze the standing foot during walking and then recognize ambulatory activities and identify pedestrians based on multilayer multiclass support vector machine classifiers. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 97% accuracy for the two tasks when analyzing eight consecutive steps. For faster processing, the method reaches 89.9% and 91.3% accuracy for ambulatory activity recognition and pedestrian identification considering two consecutive steps, respectively, whereas the accuracy drops to 83.3% and 82.3% when considering one step for the respective tasks. Comparative results demonstrated the high performance of the proposed method regarding accuracy and temporal sensitivity.

Fabrication of new antibacterial surfaces has become a primary strategy for preventing device-associated infections (DAIs). Although considerable progress has recently been made in reducing DAIs, current antibacterial coating methods are technically complex and do not allow selective bacterial killing. Here, we propose novel anti-infective surfaces made of a cross-linked ionic polymer film that achieve selective bacteria killing while simultaneously favoring the survival of mammalian cells. A one-step polymerization process known as initiated chemical vapor deposition was used to generate a cross-linked ionic polymer film from 4-vinylbenzyl chloride and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate monomers in the vapor phase. In particular, the deposition process produced a polymer network with quaternary ammonium cross-linking sites, which provided the surface with an ionic moiety with an excellent antibacterial contact-killing property. This method confers substrate compatibility, which enables various materials to be coated with ionic polymer films for use in medical implants. Moreover, the ionic polymer-deposited surfaces supported the healthy growth of mammalian cells while selectively inhibiting bacterial growth in coculture models without any detectable cytotoxicity. Thus, the cross-linked ionic polymer-based antibacterial surface developed in this study can serve as an ideal platform for biomedical applications that require a highly sterile environment.

Additional file 1 Fig. S1. ANOVA results of ReHo analyses changes among depressed ET, non-depressed ET and HCs. GRF corrected with a voxel-level P 405 mm3. ReHo: regional homogeneity, ET: essential tremor, HCs: healthy controls. Table S1. The brain regions and peak MNI coordinates of significant difference clusters in ReHo analysis among depressed ET, non-depressed ET and HCs. MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute, ReHo: regional homogeneity, ET: essential tremor, HCs: healthy controls. Table S2. The brain regions and peak MNI coordinates of significant changes ReHo clusters. MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute, ReHo: regional homogeneity.

Additional file 1. .

Background: In spite of advances in development and application of immunosuppressive agents, the long-term survival of grafts still needs to be advanced caused by antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). Many researchers have paid attention to this area. However, little was known about the role of genes and immune cells in the development of ABMR. Methods: In total, 2533 biopsy cases from four different cohorts were collected. Three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE36059, GSE98320 and GSE12403) were used as the training set, and one GEO dataset and twenty biopsy samples from our center were used for validation. The potential diagnostic prediction value of the signature and immune profiles were also explored. Findings: The LASSO regression model and PPI network were performed to search candidate biomarkers. LAPTM5, GBP2, CCL5 and KLRD1 were obtained as diagnostic biomarkers (AUC = 0·934, 95% CI 0·923-0·943). Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that γδ T cells which could secrete IL-17A were most related with four biomarkers. The infiltration of γδ T cells and IL-17A were significantly higher in ABMR group than that in ST group. Interpretation: We have identified and established a diagnostic model containing four transcripts as diagnostic biomarkers of ABMR following kidney transplantation. Several types of immune cells were inferred to be involved in the process of ABMR. Among these, γδ T cells were most related with four biomarkers, which may promote ABMR by producing IL-17A. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 82070769, 81900684, 81870512, 81770751, 81570676, 81470981, 81100532], Project of Jiangsu Province for Important Medical Talent [grant number ZDRCA2016025], the “333 High Level Talents Project” in Jiangsu Province [grant numbers BRA2017532, BRA2016514, BRA2015469], the Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Research Program of Key Diseases in Jiangsu Province [grant number BE2016791], the Open Project Program of Health Department of Jiangsu Province [grant number JSY-2-2016-099], Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation Program [grant number BK20191063]. Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: This study was approved by the local ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (2016-SR-029).

H7N9 avian influenza vaccines induce high levels of non-neutralizing (nonNeu) antibodies against the haemagglutinin (HA). However, the antigenic epitopes underlying this particular antibody response are still undefined. In this study, a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the HA protein of H7N9 virus was generated and 14 of them had no hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralizing activities. Four antigenic epitopes, including one linear and three conformational epitopes, in HA were identified using peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biopanning of phage display random peptide library. More importantly, two mAbs (4B7 4D5 and 1B10 1D1) strongly inhibited HA-binding of chicken nonNeu antisera against viral-vectored H7N9 vaccine, whereas lower inhibition was observed for chicken neutralizing antisera. In contrast, there was weak competition between the mAb and murine nonNeu antisera against inactivated H7N9 antigen. The epitopes targeted by these two mAbs were defined as the immunodominant epitopes underpinning the elicitation of nonNeu antibodies by viral-vectored H7N9 vaccine. Additionally, the identified stalk epitopes were conserved among the H1-H17 subtypes and the stalk-reactive mAbs exhibited cross-reactivity with different subtypes. In conclusion, four novel nonNeu epitopes in H7N9 HA were identified, and two dominant epitopes underlying the induction of nonNeu antibodies by viral-vectored H7N9 vaccine were identified. Our results add new knowledge to the molecular basis for antibody immunity against H7N9 vaccines and provide useful implications for vaccine design and modification.

To content acceleration sensitivity Ma and frequency response f need of an one-dimensional fiber optic inertial vector hydrophone, numerical calculating and finite element simulating approaches are proposed to research on. Respectively through the two measures, it is showed that there are some relationship curves among the two performances and the hydrophone structure parameters as Young’s modulus E’A block quality M and radius R. Compared with numerical calculating and finite element simulating, the obtained relation curves are very similar for one structure parameter. In finally, the structure parameters is optimized, and it gets an excellent performance that diameter is less than 90mm, working frequency 0Hz-1000Hz, and acceleration sensitivity about 30dB. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional fiber optic inertial vector hydrophone is analyzed by the two approaches to get Ma 30dB and f higher than 4 kHz. It is of great significance for studying the sensing mechanism and designing the structure of a fiber optic vector hydrophone.

Background: Live bird markets (LBMs) serve as a natural reservoir for class I Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and play an important role in viral evolution and spread. LBMs and commercial farms are the main sources of daily poultry products. However, limited studies are available for the class I NDV circulating at LBMs and commercial farms. In this study, significant progress has been made in sample detection and genetic analysis at LBMs and commercial farms in Eastern China.Methods: A long-term epidemiological investigation at LBMs and commercial farms in Eastern China was conducted. We sequentially conducted the collection of samples, virus isolation, RNA extraction, RT-PCR, and phylogenetic analysis. We also analyzed class I NDVs deposited in NCBI during 2002–2018 from China in terms of the host, genotype, time, and functional domains.Results: Here we report that class I NDVs continue to circulate in LBMs. Class I NDVs were detected at a high prevalence in chickens (23/26) but were seldom detected in waterfowl (3/26) at LBMs. In contrast, class I NDVs were rarely detected in commercial chickens but were present in commercial waterfowl at a certain frequency before they were brought to the LBMs. This observation suggests that the mixture of poultry and the conventional housing at LBMs cause the spread of class I NDVs. Sequence analysis of Class I NDV genomes deposited in NCBI during 2002–2018 from China revealed a high prevalence of class I NDVs in terrestrial birds (82.7%), which was much higher than in water birds (17.3%). In addition, we found that the class I NDVs predominantly belonged to the sub-genotype 3c and rarely evolved into a new sub-genotype such as the 3d. Furthermore, the epidemic sub-genotype 3c seems to be under ongoing evolution.Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the traditional feeding mode at LBMs causes the spread of class I NDVs and poses a great risk of NDV epidemics in the poultry industry in Eastern China. The sub-genotype 3c is circulating at LBMs and currently the terrestrial bird is the predominant host of class I NDVs.

Objectives To evaluate the early clinical outcomes of ultrasound (US)-guided suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) using a proximal approach compared with a distal approach for outpatient treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Outpatient clinic Participants Participants (N=47) with symptomatic adhesive capsulitis. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to either US-guided SSNB using a proximal approach (n=23, proximal group) or a distal approach (n=24, distal group). Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at week 12. Secondary outcomes included the American Shoulder Elbow Surgeon’s (ASES) score, University California Los Angeles score, Short Form-36 mental and physical component summaries, and range of motion. All patients completed clinical follow-up at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment. On US images, depth and insertion angle of needle during injection were measured. Results The VAS significantly improved in both groups at week 12. After treatment, no significant differences were found in early clinical outcomes (weeks 2, 6, and 12) between groups (all P>.05), except that ASES at 2 weeks showed a significantly higher score in the distal group than in the proximal group (87.1±4.8 and 83.0±6.3, respectively; P=.014). The mean depth and insertion angle of needle was significantly lower (depth: 13.4±3.9 and 30.6±4.3 mm, respectively; P Conclusions This study demonstrated that proximal approach of US-guided SSNB provided favorable short-term outcomes of pain and functional improvement and that outcomes were comparable to those of the distal approach in adhesive capsulitis. The suprascapular nerve was located more superficially and easily identified in the proximal approach, suggesting that this method might improve the accuracy of injection.

Additional file 4. Influence of i.p. injection of LPS into chickens. Percentage and absolute number of splenic leukocytes after 4 h of treatment with PBS or LPS (n = 10). Data are represented as the mean values ± SD.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flow chart of the study. Figure S2. Original Kaplan-Meier event-free survival curves for different risk scores derived from the nomogram. Figure S3. Calibration curves at different time points for the alternative model based on complete cases. Red lines stand for correlation between actual values and predictive values. Diagonal dashed lines represent the most perfect prediction. The cross signature stands for corrected predictive values versus actual values. a: 2-year calibration curve for the alternative model based on complete cases. b: 5-year calibration curve for the alternative model based on complete cases. Figure S4. Kaplan-Meier event-free survival curves stratified by TSH level in patients without amiodarone intake

Recent realizations of ultrathin freestanding perovskite oxides offer a unique platform to probe novel properties in two-dimensional oxides. Here, we observed a giant flexoelectric response in freestanding BiFeO3 and SrTiO3 in their bent state arising from strain gradients up to 4x10e7/m, suggesting a promising approach for realizing extremely large polarizations. Additionally, a substantial reversible change in thickness was discovered in bent freestanding BiFeO3, which implies an unusual bending-expansion/shrinkage and thickness-dependence Poisson's ratios in this ferroelectric membrane that has never been seen before in crystalline materials. Our theoretical modeling reveals that this unprecedented flexural deformation within the membrane is attributable to a flexoelectricity-piezoelectricity interplay. The finding unveils intriguing nanoscale electromechanical properties and provides guidance for their practical applications in flexible nanoelectromechanical systems., Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures

Additional file 5. Genotyping of White Leghorn chickens based on LEI0258 and BF2 exon 2. The gDNA was extracted from blood samples of four randomly selected White Leghorn Chickens at the University Animal Farm. LEI0258- and BF2-targeting PCRs were performed. Additionally, BF2 SBT was performed by sequencing the BF2 exon 2 region from each of the four chickens. PCR amplification of the MHC-B haplotypes using A LEI0258 microsatellites and B BF2 exon 2. C Nucleotide sequence alignment for BF2 exon 2 sequence-based typing. M; DNA marker (100 bp), S1-4; gDNA samples from each of the 4 chickens.

Additional file 1. Flow cytometry gating strategy and isotype controls used for MRC1+cells.A Gating strategy used for MRC1loMHCIIhi and MRC1hiMHCIIlo cells. Single cells were gated based on size and granularity using FSC-A and SSC-A and then sub-gated using 7-AAD to define the live cells. Then, the live cells were discriminated by the expression of MRC1-PE (clone: KUL01), and then the MRC1loMHCIIhi (solid line) and MRC1hiMHCIIlo (broken line) cells were defined based on the expression of MRC1 and MHCII. B The background level of fluorescence was examined using the proper isotype controls.

Additional file 6. Blood MRC1+monocytes showed the homogenous expression of MRC1 and MHCII. Blood was collected and diluted in PBS at a 1:1 ratio. PBMCs, which were isolated from diluted blood by using Ficoll-Paque, were stained with anti-MRC1 and MHCII antibodies and analysed by using flow cytometry. Representative dot plot of MRC1+ monocytes from the PBMCs of chickens administered PBS or LPS.

Additional file 2. General features of splenic MRC1+cells.A Proportion and B absolute number of splenic mononuclear phagocytes from 1- to 3-week-old chickens (n = 10). Data are represented as the mean values ± SD. ***P

Additional file 3. Gating strategy used for the dead cell and OVA uptake assays.A Splenocytes from 3-week-old chickens were labelled with CTV for 10 min and boiled at 56 °C for 30 min to inactivate the cells. Dead cells were co-incubated with bead-sorted splenic MRC1+ cells at a 1:1 ratio for 1 h. Then, dead cell uptake was determined according to the CTV+ cells among the MRC1loMHCIIhi and MRC1hiMHCIIlo cells using flow cytometry. B OVA uptake was determined by analysing intensity of FITC in MRC1loMHCIIhi and MRC1hiMHCIIlo cells. Then, the uptake ability was calculated from the data obtained at 39 °C, which was normalized according to data obtained at 4 °C. The histogram presents the intensity of FITC in each subset.

In this paper, we propose an adaptive step-estimation method to estimate the distance traveled for arm-swinging activities at three level-walking speeds, i.e., low, normal, and high speed. The proposed method is constructed based on a polynomial function of the pedestrian speed and variance of walking acceleration. We firstly apply a low-pass filter with 10 Hz cut-off frequency for acceleration data. Then, we analyze the acceleration data to find the number of steps in each sample. Finally, the traveled distance is calculated by summing all step lengths which are estimated by the proposed method during walking. Applying the proposed method, we can estimate the walking distance with an accuracy rate of 95.35% in a normal walking speed. The accuracy rates of low and high walking speeds are 94.63% and 94.97%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of accuracy and standard deviation at low, normal, and high speeds.

In this paper, we propose a novel method to classify five ambulatory activities, i.e., level ground, incline descent, incline ascent, stair descent, and stair ascent walking using smart shoes which contain eight plantar-pressure sensors on each shoe. Pressure data are collected using an insole-based monitoring system regarding the walking activities conducted by participants at their self-imposed “normal” speed. We present three new features based on an analysis of step patterns to characterize the ambulatory activities and utilize a k-nearest neighbor algorithm to classify the activities from the created features. In experimental results, we obtain walking activity-recognition error rates of 2.16% at the sixth walking step. Furthermore, a proposed method outperforms two reference methods in terms of F1-score and overall accuracy rate.

We developed a simple and efficient method for the immobilization of a potent AMP (SHAP1) on the surface of solid supports via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The surface of the slide glass was functionalized with vinyl-containing polymer by iCVD, and Cys-linked SHAP1 peptides could be immobilized on the functionalized surface (glass and latex glove) via simple thiol-ene click chemistry with high efficiency. The antimicrobial efficacy of the immobilized peptides was investigated against two typical pathogenic bacteria — Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus — and it was revealed that SHAP1-GS-Cys exhibited high antibacterial efficacy (>96%).

Light has played a crucial role in the age of information technology and has facilitated the soaring development of information optics. The ever-increasing demand for high-capacity optical devices has prompted the use of physically orthogonal dimensions of light for optical multiplexing. Recent advances in nanotechnology, mainly stemming from functionalized nanomaterials and powerful nanofabrication tools, have propelled the fusion of optical multiplexing and nanophotonics (the study of light at nanoscale and of its interactions with nanostructures) by enabling ultrahigh-capacity information technology. This review aims to introduce the emerging concept of angular momentum (AM)-involved information optics and its implementation in nanophotonic devices. First, previous researches on the manipulation of spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) by nanostructures will be reviewed. We then summarize the SAM multiplexing technology on the platform of metasurfaces. Particularly, we elaborately summarize our recent progress in the area of information optics, including OAM holography and on-chip AM multiplexing technology. Finally, a perspective in the combination of this emerging field with optical artificial intelligence (AI) will be given.