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11 Páginas.-- 3 Figuras.-- 3 Tablas, The color of virgin olive oils, ranging from intense green to brown-yellow, is one of the main selection factors for consumers and a quality criterion in specific legislations. Such coloration is due to their chlorophyll content and depends on the composition of the olive fruit. Through analytical chemistry (HPLC-hrMSn), biochemistry (enzymatic activity), and molecular biology (qRT-PCR) approaches, we have analyzed the origin of the differences in the chlorophyll content among several varieties of olive fruit throughout their ripening process. The higher chlorophyll biosynthetic capacity in olive fruits is due to the enzyme protochlorophyllide reductase, whereas chlorophyll degradation is accomplished through the stay-green and pheophytinase pathways. For the first time, the implication of chlorophyll dephytylase during the turnover of chlorophylls in fruit is shown to be responsible for the exclusive accumulation of dephytylated chlorophyll in Arbequina fruit. The multiomics results excluded the in vivo participation of chlorophyllase in chlorophyll degradation in olive fruits., This work was supported by the CICYT-EU [ALI 2015-63890-R] and is part of the project RTI2018-095415-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe.”

Green chilies (variety SHP4884) blanched at 90 °C and 70 °C, for 3 min were solar dried with and without phase change material (PCM), under natural (NC) and forced convection (FC) conditions. Effect of solar drying with and without PCM on color, bioactive compounds and level of aflatoxins in chili were compared. PCM reduced solar drying time by 17-20% in NC and by 35–38% in FC, as compared to that without PCM. It also improved average drying rate to 0.40–0.51 kg/kg-h from 0.40–0.44 kg/kg-h. Effective diffusivity was 31.85–39.58% higher during NC and 51.27–53.2% higher in FC, during drying with PCM than that without PCM. It helped in maximum retention of green color with ΔE value 0.47 ± 0.03 in NC solar drying compared to other trials. PCM assisted solar drying of chili blanched at 70 °C in FC exhibited better retention of total phenols (2.43 ± 0.26 mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoids (0.68 ± 0.16 mg CE/g DW), antioxidant activity (83.72 ± 4.30% RSA, 5.67 ± 0.30 mg TEAC/g DW in FRAP), ascorbic acid (196.71 ± 1.25 mg/ 100 g) and total carotenoids (1.40 ± 0.37 mg/g). PCM restricted Aflatoxin B1 below 0.25 ppb in solar dried chili; however it varied between 4.05 and 6.85 ppb when PCM was not used.

O presente trabalho relata as atividades envolvidas no planejamento e construção de tanques para produção de Azolla sp., planta aquática com potencial de uso para alimentação de aves. As ações ocorreram em Capão do Leão e São Lourenço do Sul, municípios na zona Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram construídos dois modelos, um externo aos piquetes de criação (Capão do Leão) e um interno aos mesmos (São Lourenço do Sul). Percebeu-se rápida propagação da Azolla nos tanques e preenchimento completo dos mesmos após cerca de 14 dias de cultivo. O sombreamento foi fundamental para o bom desenvolvimento da Azolla e manutenção de sua coloração esverdeada. Ausência de sombra promoveu alterações de cor e aumento na população de outras espécies vegetais. Houve excelente aceitação da Azolla pelas galinhas. Fornecer Azolla dentro dos piquetes resultou em consumo exagerado, promovendo queda drástica na população vegetal, a qual demorou para se restabelecer e passou a competir com outras espécies. Percebeu-se melhor controle e manutenção da população de Azolla quando o tanque foi construído na área externa aos piquetes, embora, nesse caso, o fornecimento venha a requerer maior mão de obra. O baixo custo, rápida propagação e facilidade de cultivo de Azolla podem vir a encorajar outros criadores a cultivá-la como fonte nutricional para suas galinhas.

The study was done to analyze the effects of various blanching conditions on nutritional quality of differently dried green peas using three different methods namely, open sun drying, cabinet drying and drying in solar dehydrator. Samples were analyzed for various parameters such as, moisture content, rehydration ratio, linear shrinkage ratio, green color ratio, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, microbial load and sensory analysis. Various mathematical models were used to study the drying behavior of green pea samples. With the help of various statistical parameters, the best model for different drying conditions was found out. Chemically blanched peas dried in cabinet dryer were considered best among all the treated peas dried under different drying conditions and least acceptance was given to un-blanched open sun dried peas. Quality and acceptability of solar dried peas were higher than open sun drying but lower than cabinet drying. While considering models, Logarithmic model gave a very good performance on all the statistical parameters. So, it can be used to predict the drying behavior of green peas.

"ULVA" NATURAL MARKING TECHNIQUES DEVELOPMENT IN ABALONE CULTURE (Haliotis squamata) By Gusti Ngurah Permana , , Ibnu Rusdi a, Gigih Satria Wibawa a and Iwan Setyabudi b Tagging is used to obtain some information during the process of selecting and managing population of abalone shells, Haliotis squamata. This research was conducted to determine the natural marker method of abalone, (H. squamata). The samples were used of total length of the shell (initial average: 0.8 ± 0.2 mm). Seed tagging using the Ulva sp. performed by giving a sequence of feed at the age of: 2-3 months (Ulva sp.), 3-4 months (Gracilaria sp.), 5-6 months (Ulva sp.), 6-10 months (Gracillaria sp.) and control 2 months (Ulva sp.), 3-10 months (Gracilaria sp.). The results of this study indicated that the tagging of the seeds with the Ulva method has a same growth pattern in both treatment and control (38.93 ± 1.5 mm; 39.47 ± 1.44 mm). The effectiveness of Ulva tagging is seen in toca color finder (TC. 4103 green) and (TC 8135 brown), more sharpen in treatment compared to control. Ulva tagging technology can be applied to abalone seeds to see the sequence of the green color on the shell.

Purpose Would a green color label increase the dollar amount consumers are willing to pay for a green product? Would nature images (such as a leaf or flower) on the label have the same effect? This paper aims to examine the role of these labeling strategies in influencing consumer willing to pay. Design/methodology/approach Using a 2 × 3 experiment, the authors empirically test the research questions across two studies: in the controlled-lab setting with 160 students (Study 1) and in a field-setting with 268 consumers shopping at a grocery store (Study 2). Findings Results are consistent across both studies. Surprisingly, participants are willing to pay more for the product when it has a white-toned label rather than a green-toned one. Follow-up path analysis, with Study 2 data, reveals that a white-toned label has both an indirect (through more favorable evaluations of the product’s environmental friendliness), as well as a direct impact on willingness to pay. In providing a post hoc explanation, it is argued that a white-toned label better directs attention towards the claim signaling the product’s eco-friendliness, while providing a “clean”, “high-quality” look. In both studies however, nature images on the label did not have a significant effect. Practical implications Insights are particularly interesting for practitioners seeking to better label/package green products. Originality/value This investigation is the first to empirically examine how color and images on the label influence the dollar amount consumers are willing to pay for a green product. Findings reveal that counter to common belief, the heavy use of the color green on eco-friendly product labels might not be appropriate; a predominantly white-toned label works better.

Plocama ehrendorferi is described as a new species from southeast of Iran that can be easily distinguished from the related species P. bruguieri and P. kandaharensis by its compact leaves on the stem and shorter internodes, the bright green color of the plant, shorter and narrower leaf segments and the length of corolla. This study provides new information on the taxonomic state and geographical distribution of Plocama species from the flora of Iran. It is concluded that P. macrantha has been reported wrongly from Iran such that the reports of P. kandaharensis and P. olivieri cannot be confirmed.

This research aims to assist the police institution in preventing theft crimes that increased during the Covid-19 period by mapping areas prone to theft crimes based on the incident's location and the level of intensity of theft crimes. This research is empirical, managed quantitatively by collecting data through documentation and literature study. The results showed an increase in the number of theft crimes by 42.65% in Makassar City during the six months of the coronavirus pandemic period. This research also succeeded in mapping the locations prone to theft crimes, mostly in residents' homes rather than in the business center, the central area of money circulation. The research results also show that almost all sub-districts in Makassar City are the places where theft crimes occur, dominated by medium and high categories symbolized by red, yellow, and green color. This study recommends that police institutions pay more attention to residential areas, which are the areas where theft crimes most occur during the pandemic period. Furthermore, this research implies that it can become a reference for the police institution to prepare efforts to prevent theft crimes in Makassar City and other areas during the Covid-19 period

This work studied pineapple-mint juice drying by spray drying. The effect of 0, 3, and 15% of maltodextrin addition in the solution fed in the spray dryer was evaluated. The results showed that it is possible to dry pineapple-mint juice without a carrier agent. A two-level full factorial design of experiments was applied to quantify the effect of spray drying conditions (including the addition of 3% maltodextrin on pineapple-mint juice) on powder physicochemical properties. The estimated effects demonstrated that all variables have affected responses (except powder solubility). Interested in investigating pineapple-mint drying without maltodextrin, the two-level factorial design was further expanded to a central composite design, and additional experiments were realized, resulting in preservation of the natural green color of pineapple-mint juice, and a yield of 35%. The results suggest that mint may help in pineapple-mint juice drying.

Leaf Color Chart (LCC) is a measurement tool that can be used to measure the color intensity of rice leaves. The function of these measurements is to find out how many doses of fertilizer are needed by rice plants. However, readings made by human vision have a high level of subjectivity and risk of error. Therefore we need a method that can minimize errors and the level of subjectivity. One method that can be done is to classify the green color of rice leaves using LAB color space. Rice leaf image taken using a smartphone device is then extracted in RGB format. The color is then converted to LAB color space and then compared to the standard green color in the LCC. The comparison results are then used to classify the colors. The testing results show that the method has the value of accuracy, average precision, and average recall of 54.74%, 54.44%, and 51.16% respectively. Therefore the method can only classify correctly half of the data testing.

This research aims to "know the manufacturing process, applied motifs, and colors used in bamboo woven crafts products". The method of research done is a descriptive method. Samples are used only 5 types of products, of each 5 of these types are taken 2 samples of the product. Up to 10 total samples. The population in this study totaled about 1 million products from 15 product types produced. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research show that the process of making crafts woven bamboo in Sanggar creative "Sunflower" Village Rambung Barat, District South Binjai in the outline has 4 stages, namely the provision of tools and materials, processing of raw materials, process of workmanship, and finishing process. Motif applied to the handicrafts woven bamboo is a motif of a single base (sasaq), a motif of the double basic woven (braid), and hero eye motif. The color used in bamboo woven crafts are bamboo color (basic natural color), red color (primary color), green color (secondary color), a combination of red and green color (complementary color), as well as black color (the color is produced from mixing thinner and grand flour).

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial for maximizing maize (Zea mays L.) yield, but optimizing the amount of N to apply for maize must also consider potential impact on the environment from nitrate...

Green glazes were successfully prepared using ferrochromium slag waste as chromium and iron precursors by introducing Co2O3 as coloring agent. The performance of the glazes was investigated by XRD, EDS, FT-IR, and UV-vis. A chromatic mechanism was proposed to explain the variation of glaze colors with the increase of Co2O3 content. The results showed that the Co-doped glazes had Co-Fe-Cr mixed spinel-type structures when Co-doped contents were 0.5–1.5 wt%. Green glazes could be prepared by adjusting the blue component (Co2+) proportion, which was achieved with different amounts of Co2O3, to balance the color proportion of blue and yellow in glazes according to subtractive color process. The intensity of green color in glaze samples was related to the presence of d-d transitions of tetrahedral Fe3+, 4A2(F) → 4T(P) of tetrahedral Co2+, and 4A2g → 4T2g of octahedral Cr3+ in spinel structures. These results indicated that environment-friendly, Co-doped, spinel-type structured, coloring agents, prepared using ferrochromium slag waste, can be applied to produce green glazes or inkjet printer ink as well as to provide a means for preparing green glaze using ferrochromium slag waste.

Thermally robust phosphor ceramics are an ideal color converter for high-power laser lighting applications. However, high-quality white light is different to achieve due to the absence of green and...

We have compared two explanations for poor peripheral binding. Binding is the ability to assign the correct features (e.g., color, direction of motion, orientation) to objects. Wu, Kanai, and Shimojo (Nature, 429(6989), 262, 2004) showed that subjects performed poorly on binding dot color with direction of motion in the periphery. Suzuki, Wolfe, Horowitz, and Noguchi (Vision Research, 82, 58-65, 2013) similarly showed that subjects had trouble binding color with line orientation in the periphery. These authors concluded that performance in the periphery was poor because binding is poor in the periphery. However, both studies used red and green stimuli. We tested an alternative hypothesis, that poor peripheral binding is in part due to poor peripheral red/green color vision. Eccentricity-dependent changes in visual processing cause peripheral red/green vision to be worse than foveal vision. In contrast, blue/yellow vision remains centrifugally more stable. We tested 9 subjects in a replication and extension of Suzuki and colleagues' line orientation judgment, in red and green, and in blue and yellow. There were three central conditions: (1) red (or blue) all horizontal, green (or yellow) all vertical; (2) red (or blue) all vertical, green (or yellow) all horizontal; or (3) random pairing of color and orientation. In both the red/green and the blue/yellow color schemes, peripheral performance was influenced by central line orientation, replicating Suzuki and colleagues. However, the effect with blue/yellow lines was smaller, indicating that poor peripheral "binding," as hypothesized by both Wu and colleagues and Suzuki and colleagues, is due in part to their use of red and green stimuli.

This paper presents the development of a mathematical model for pigment formulations used for screen printing textile inks in order to reproduce the NATO IRR green standard using four highly performant pigments: Hostaperm Yellow H4G (CI 13980), Irgazin Red A2BN (CI 65300), Heliogen Blue (CI 74160), and Lamp Black (CI 77266). In order to study the influence of each pigment on the final CIE L* a* b* parameters, a quadratic mathematical model (Scheffé type) was created and experimentally validated. The model was used and verified for generating pigment compositions for textile inks that reproduce the NATO IRR green. A total of 22 possible solutions were developed and experimentally performed. Studies regarding the reflectance in the visible-near-infrared domain were conducted, ensuring compliance with the standard. The optimal composition of the pigment mixture was 66.55% Hostaperm Yellow H4G, 7.66% Heliogen Blue, 12.01% Irgazin Red A2BN, and 13.78% Irgazin Red A2BN. The mixture was added to textile ink in the proportion of 5% and was applied via serigraphy.

Copper metal is slowly oxidized when it is exposed to the atmosphere for long periods of time, forming a blue-green coating called a patina. For example, the green color of the Statue of Liberty is a result of patina formation. A wide variety of Cu2+ compounds are found in patinas, and they generally take long periods of time to develop. Here, an activity is presented in which patinas are rapidly generated on the surface of copper-containing coins. The process can be carried out using very simple materials, making this activity suitable for a wide range of audiences, and also for courses offered in an online format. Because the development of the patina occurs within tens of seconds, the experiment can be presented as an in-class demonstration. Given the vast number of conditions that can be varied in this activity, it is highly amenable to exploratory learning exercises.

FERTIRRIGAÇÃO E FERTILIZANTES DE LIBERAÇÃO GRADUAL PARA A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE GRAMADO ESPORTIVO LUCIANA MAIRA TIBÃES KAMIMURA¹; LEANDRO JOSÉ GRAVA DE GODOY² E ROBERTO LYRA VILLAS BÔAS1 ¹Departamento de Ciências Florestal, Solos e Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034 –Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: luciana.tibaes@hotmail.com; rlvboas@fca.unesp.br. ²Campus Experimental de Registro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Nelson Brihi Badur 430, Vila Tupy, 11900-000 Registro – SP, Brasil. E-mail: leandro.godoy@unesp.br 1 RESUMO O gramado esportivo requer cuidados para apresentar bom desenvolvimento e “jogabilidade”. O tipo de fertilizante e a forma de aplicação deste, interferem diretamente em sua qualidade. O objetivo com o presente trabalho foi de avaliar a adubação com fertilizantes de liberação gradual ou a fetirrigação, na implantação de gramado esportivo. O experimento foi em Botucatu, SP. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com grama zoysia Zeon e bermuda Celebration, como parcela principal, e cinco manejos de adubação (sem adubação; fertirrigação; com fertilizantes convencionais; com fertilizante de liberação lenta; com fertilizante de liberação controlada), nas subparcelas, de janeiro a junho de 2018. As características avaliadas foram: taxa de cobertura verde, índice de coloração verde escuro, índice de grama, altura do gramado, fitomassa da matéria seca das aparas, do estolão, rizoma e da raiz, e número de cortes. A grama Zeon apresentou maior taxa de cobertura verde e maior acúmulo de fitomassa de estolões e rizomas que a Celebration. A grama Celebration apresentou maior índice de grama e de cor verde escuro que a Zeon. O manejo com fertilizante convencional proporcionou os maiores valores das características de crescimento nas duas espécies, contudo exigiu mais mão de obra. Palavras-chave: adubação, Zoysia, bermuda, campos esportivos. KAMIMURA, L. M. T.; GODOY, L. J. G.; VILLAS BÔAS, R. L. FERTIGATION AND GRADUAL RELEASE OF FERTILIZERS FOR PLANTING OF SPORTS TURFGRASS 2 ABSTRACT Sports turfgrass requires care to show good development and "playability". The type of fertilizer and the way of application of this fertilizer directly interfere with its quality. The objective of the present work was to evaluate fertilizers of gradual liberation (slow or controlled) and fertigation in order to obtain higher quality of sport turfgrass. The experiment was conducted in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The design was in randomized blocks, in subdivided plots, with Zeon and Celebration turf, as main plot, and five managements of fertilization (1. without fertilization, 2. fertigation, 3. fertilization with conventional fertilizers, 4. fertilization with fertilizer and 5. fertilization with controlled release fertilizer), in the subplots, and four replications, from January to June. The results were evaluated using the Green Index Rate, Dark Green Color Index, Grass Index, turfgrass height, Dry matter Phytomass, stolon, rhizome and root dry matter, root length and number of mowing. Zeon grass presented higher green cover rate, as well as higher dry matter accumulation of stolons and rhizomes than Celebration. Celebration grass presented grass index and dark green color index higher than those of Zeon. Management with conventional fertilizer provided the highest values of growth characteristics of the two species, but required more cuts and labor for application. Keywords: fertilization, zoyziagrass, bermudagrass, sports fields.

A Ce3+-based layered perovskite compound, Dion–Jacobson type RbCeTa2O7, has been discovered for the first time by introducing only a trivalent cerium ion to form [CeTa2O7]− layers. The unique green color was experimentally and theoretically ascribed to two charge transfer transitions of ligand-to-metal O2p → Ce4f and metal-to-metal Ce4f → Ta5d.

A simple portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was successfully used for in-situ and nondestructive identification of the painting materials in two 15th century icons from the Onufri Museum in Beart, Albania. The spectrometer is based on a low power X-ray tube, a thermoelectrically cooled Si PIN detector and the spectrum acquisition system. It was assembled and adjusted at our laboratory for the investigation of the icons. A small number of pigments were clearly identified by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) measurements in both icons. This includes Lead white for the white color, gold and yellow ochre for the yellow color, red lead, cinnabar and red ochre for the red color, as well as cooper based pigments for the green color. At the same time, the investigation raised some new questions that need further investigations by the use of additional analytical techniques. The results show that in both icons are used similar pigments, which are in accordance with the Byzantine icon painting tradition.

This research is focused on a modern technique and offers a framework that maximizes the concept of the efficient landscape that focused on microalgae technology. Industrial areas have become a threat to most of the countries; particularly unused industrial areas represent a wide area. as a result, it has become a time bomb, so scientists and designers have gone to search for the most efficient ways of using green microalgae to solve this issue and combine it with the elements of landscape features where green microalgae can be grown within open ponds (Open Race Way Ponds) in the industrial areas to become a tool with two advantages: organic green fuel (Productive Landscape),also algae represents an aesthetic view through the various green color tones and movement of microalgae in its various colors drawing a rainbow on the ground and you will saw it on its natural green radiation at night (Natural Green (Nightscape)). All of this needs wastewater or salty water and carbon dioxide, solar radiation as inputs for algae breeding, i.e. waste transfer to useful urban potentials (Positive to Negative and thus the industrial spaces will be converted to human spaces and this represent the main objective for the research that radiate vitality day and night and become a source of oxygen, where algae produce 6 times the oxygen of trees. Through this research, a framework will be presented to use these strains in the spaces of industrial areas as a new approach in the landscape trends and theme.

Lunasia amara Blanco bark belonging to the family Rutaceae. The research aimed to determine the effect of extraction method on yield value and phenolic content of bark extract of Lunasia amara Blanco by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Sample was extracted by maceration, reflux, and soxhlet using methanol 70%. The extraction by maceration obtained the yield value of methanol extract of 2,352%; the reflux method of 1,611%; and the soxhlet method of 0,960%. Then the chemical content was identified by the addition of FeCl3 reagent and a blackish green color was formed positively indicating phenolic content. Afterward, phenolic identification was conducted by TLC with eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (2:8) containing phenolic because the Rf value was the same as the galic acid standard. The results showed that the extraction method producing the highest yield of bark extract of Lunasia amara Blanco was maceration. The phenolic content obtained by maceration was 66,548 mgGAE/g extract with 6.6548% GAE; the reflux was 73.645 mgGAE/g extract with 7.3645% GAE; and the soxhlet was 74.806 mgGAE/g extract with 7.4806% GAE.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la composición química y la degradabilidad in situ (DIS) de la materia seca (MS) y orgánica (MO) de la vaina de mezquite a distinto estado de madurez en la localidad de Usmajac del municipio de Sayula, Jalisco, México. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: a) vaina tierna (VT); de coloración verde fuerte y con semillas aun en formación; b) vaina madura (VM); de coloración morado intenso con líneas verdes y textura blanda; y c) vaina seca (VS); coloración morado pálido, con las semillas completamente formadas, una vaina gruesa y textura dura. La composición química de las vainas fue evaluada; para la DIS se utilizaron dos novillos Holstein con cánula ruminal permanente para incubar por cuadriplicado cada uno de los tratamientos experimentales por 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 h. VT, tuvo el mayor contenido de proteína cruda, VM y VS presentaron mayor contenido de carbohidratos no fibrosos. Se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05) entre tratamientos en la DIS de la MS, las vainas maduras tuvieron los valores más altos. Hubo diferencia entre tratamientos (P < 0.05) en la DIS de la MO, hasta las primeras 36 h, VT y VM mostraron los valores más altos, posterior a esta hora no hubo diferencia entre ellos (P > 0.05). De acuerdo con la composición química y la digestibilidad in situ de la vaina de mezquite, puede considerarse como una alternativa para la alimentación de rumiantes.

Most of the people start their day by facing the same problem of finding vacant space in parking. Seeking a vacant parking slot during peak hours in areas like Colleges, Shopping Malls, Cinema theatres, Exhibitions and Convention Center has always been frustrating for many drivers. So here we are with the solution, in this paper we are addressing the vacant space with the help of deep learning method convolution neural network (CNN) and we are using PKLot Dataset which is already available. Vacant space is addressed with the help of red and green color boundaries. Red color indicates the car is present and the green color indicates there is vacant space. This system is efficient, effective and user friendly for finding the vacant space in parking.

Siam Weed leaves can be used as natural dyes since they contain tannin compounds which give a brown color to the dyeing of fabrics. This study was conducted to utilize Siam Weed leaves as a natural dye substitute for synthetic cotton cloth and obtain dye from Siam Weed leaves in liquid form. The material used is a dyed cotton cloth with the extract of Siam Weed leaves. The variation of dipping time was 30 minutes and 13 hours. The types of fixators used were Ferrous Sulfate and Alum solution. The findings showed that the type of fixator can affect the color result of the fabric. The fixed fixator produces a dark green color while the Alum solution produces a yellow color. Based on the results of the dry rub test, the cloth that has been immersed in the dye for 13 hours and fixed by an Alum fixator produces the maximum color fastness value with a staining scale value of 5, 5, 5 (very good). Whereas in the wet rub test, the cloth that has been immersed in the dye for 13 hours and fixed with an Alum solution fixator produces good values with a range of values for the staining scale 4-5, 4-5, 4-5 (good). In the colorfastness test of washing cloth soap soaked for 30 minutes, the best dye fastness with a grayscale value of 4-5, 4-5, 4-5 (good). The type of fixator that has the best colorfastness in the washing test is the Alum fixator.

Aim: Urbanized environments may stimulate unhealthy food choices and stress. Several theories explain that exposure to green nature can counter these stress effects. Since we spend most time indoors, integrating nature in the interior could be a promising health promotion tool. Hence, we tested whether the beneficial effect of nature for stress recovery is also present in indoor settings via the use of plants or green colors, and whether it is applicable on eating behavior as a new outcome. Methods: The 92 participants (18-30y, 16% men) were divided into four groups. Each viewed a 6-min slideshow with room pictures containing either green plants, green objects, greyscale plants or greyscale objects to allow distinction between color- and plant-effects. Group differences were tested for the perceived restorativeness scale, psychological recovery and eating behavior. To allow psychological recovery testing, participants were exposed to a stressor before the picture slideshow via the Trier Social Stress Test. The change of self-reports (stress, positive and negative affect) and psychophysiology (heart rate and vagal-induced heart rate variability RMSSD) post-slideshow versus pre-slideshow was checked. Eating behavior outcomes included change in hunger, craving, and food choice (for fruits, vegetables and snacks). Results: From the four picture sets, the green plants pictures were reported as most mentally restorative and appeared most beneficial for post-stressor recovery of positive affect, but not for negative affect or stress recovery. The green plants group also had higher preference for vegetables and lower preference or craving for (unhealthy) snacks. Those significant group differences were mainly due to the presence of plants and only occasionally due to the green color. Conclusion: Indoor green plant pictures were associated with higher mental restorativeness and healthier food choices. Integrating plants in the interior seems to be a relevant health promotion approach, while applying green colors seems less relevant.

Background X-linked red-green color blindness is the most widespread form of vision impairment. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and allele frequencies of red-green color vision impairments among school children in Repi primary school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was employed involving 2400 healthy subjects (females = 850 and males = 1550) in in Repi primary school. The Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic 24 plate edition was used to test the colour vision of students under natural day light condition. Results The prevalence of congenial colour vision deficiency (CCVD) was 2.29%; 50 (3.23%) males and 5 (0.56%) females were affected with CCVD. The frequencies of achromacy, deutan and protan in male subjects were 0.13%, 1.75%, and 0.50%, respectively. Both Deutan and protan were highest among students of Amhara ethnic origin 2.85 % and 1.08%, respectively. Conclusions The overall prevalence of CCVD found in the present study was lower compared to the previous studies done in Ethiopia. There was clear variation in the prevalence of color vision deficiency among students of various ethnic groups. Proper screening, education and counseling are needed to minimize impacts of CCVD in the country, and can also be beneficial for the affected subject in tackling difficulties in everyday work and for proper choice of future profession.

A new 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent sensor, with iminoacetic acid and iminoethoxyacetic acid as receptor, was developed. It was applied successfully to detect Zn2+ in aqueous solution and living cells. Under physiological pH conditions, it demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity for sensing Zn2+ with about 7-fold enhancement in aqueous solution, with a characteristic emission band of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide with a green color centered at 550 nm.

A new 4-amino-1, 8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent sensor, with iminoethoxyacetic acid and iminopicolinic acid as receptor, was developed and applied successfully to image Zn2+ in living cells. Under physiological pH conditions, it demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity for sensing Zn2+ with about 30-fold enhancement in aqueous solution, with a characteristic emission band of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide with a green color centered at 550 nm.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of processing techniques on the characteristics of green and red chilli powder. Four samples, such as pretreated green chilli paste (PTGP), pretreated green chilli longitudinal slit (PTGL), pretreated whole red chilli (PTWR) and untreated green chilli paste (UTGP), were prepared and dried at 60 °C in a cabinet dryer. The pretreatment was blanching in acetic acid solution and soaking immediately in a combined solution of Na(2)S(2)O(5) and CaCl(2). Pretreated samples took a shorter drying time than the untreated sample in reducing moisture content from 86.31 to 8%. Pretreatment before drying resulted in retaining total chlorophyll (~ 86%), phenolic compounds (~ 32%), green color, and pungency of chilli. Analysis result indicated that more than 60% retention of β-carotene was found while retention of ascorbic acid was comparable. Conclusively, this research reveals a good nutritional profile in cabinet dried green chilli powder, which may open the scope for commercial production.

Chlorophyll has long been used as a green colorant for food and non-food applications. One source of chlorophyll is suji ( Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb.) leaf. The suji leaf chlorophyll has advantages and unique characteristics compared to the other chlorophyll sources that potential to be developed as a natural colorant. However, chlorophyll is easily degraded due to enzymatic and environmental factors. During processing and storage, the chlorophyll structure changes to its derivative compounds which are no longer green. Several attempts have been done to maintain the quality of the green color and quantity of chlorophyll contained in suji leaves. The formation of metallo-chlorophyll and development of suji leaf powder colorant have not been able to match the quality and quantity of its extract. These constraints become a challenge in the development of suji leaves as a natural colorant.

A novel 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent sensor with iminodiacetic acid as receptor, was developed and applied successfully to image Zn2+ in living cells. Under physiological pH conditions, it demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity for sensing Zn2+ with about 34-fold enhancement in aqueous solution, with a characteristic emission band of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide with a green color centered at 550 nm.

Non-precultured protocorms of Acampe rigida (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) P.F. Hunt were used to find the suitable duration time for dehydration on V cryo-plate and D cryo-plate methods. For V cryo-plate method, non-precultured protocorms were dehydrated with PVS2 solution for 0, 20, 40, 60 and 120 min. The results showed that protocorms dehydrated with PVS2 solution for 40 min gave the highest survival score at 0.08 and gave the highest percentage of survival at 16.67% which was higher than the control (+LN; 0 min), but most protocorms showed dark green color and developed slower than the control (-LN; 0 min). The suitable treatment for V cryo-plate in this study is exposing to PVS2 solution for 40 min. For D cryo-plate method, non-precultured protocorms were dehydrated with silica gel for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 h. The results showed that protocorms dehydrated with silica gel for 1.0 h gave the highest survival score at 0.56 and gave the highest percentage of survival up to 74.19%. Most protocorms with dark green developed slower than control (-LN; 0 min). The suitable treatment for D cryo-plate method in this study is dehydrating with silica gel for 1.0 h. An unpaired t-test was used to compare the data of survival score between suitable treatments from V cryo-plate and D cryo-plate methods. The suitable treatment for cryopreservation of protocorms of A. rigida is cryopreserving with D cryo-plate method dehydrated with silica gel for 1.0 h.

Dynamic tuning upconversion color is the most convenient approach through modulation of pump power density and NIR wavelength for anti-counterfeiting. However, most of bulk upconversion systems suffer from the insensitive response to excitation power and NIR wavelength (980 nm and 1550 nm). Herein, we demonstrate that the excitation power density sensitivity and NIR wavelength sensitivity of bulk microcrystals could be improved via co-doping Li+/Lu3+ ions. More interestingly, co-doping ions with different valences affect the emission color tendency at 1550 nm excitation, which is contrary to previous reports. The emission color of bulk NaYF4:Er/Yb/Li/Lu microcrystals transform from yellow to bright green color through adjusting pump power density and pump wavelength (980 nm and 1550 nm). Moreover, the mechanism of the results has been systematically discussed. The tunable emission colors of bulk NaYF4:Er/Yb/Li/Lu microcrystals can be easily distinguished with naked eyes and difficultly counterfeited. Therefore, the upconversion materials have a promising application in transparent anti-fake printing.

A new 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent sensor, with iminodiacetic acid and picolinic acid as receptors, was developed and applied successfully to detect Hg2+ in aqueous solution and living cells. It demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity for sensing Hg2+ with about 25-fold enhancement with a characteristic emission band centered at 550 nm with a green color.

A novel strategy has been devised to develop a single excitable dual emissive luminescent pigment for the formulation of unclonable security ink. The new advanced security features of the ink have been demonstrated successfully and make it highly suitable for the printing of valuable products, such as currency, passports, pharmaceuticals, and so forth for protection against duplicity. The formulation of the single excitable dual emissive luminescent pigment is based on the unexplored combinatory concept of the fluorescence@phosphorescence phenomenon, which provides a new feature in the composite. It emits intense red color (611 nm) upon illumination with a 254 nm UV lamp excitation source and long persisting green color (532 nm) when the excitation source is switched off. To study the feasibility of the single excitable dual emissive luminescent security ink for commercial applications, the patterns printed using this ink were not only subjected to rigorous atmospheric conditions such as hot, cold and humid conditions for six months, but also examined after treatment with various bleaching agents (ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, xylene, acetone, soap solution and laundry detergent) to ensure their chemical stability. The security features printed using the single excitable dual emissive luminescent security ink were found to be very stable against all of these stringent conditions. Hence, the exceptional results obtained using the single excitable dual emissive luminescent security ink offer a new pathway to prevent counterfeiting by generating advanced security features.

Embora seja importante hortaliça condimentar em todo o mundo, existe pouca informação relativa à caracterização do crescimento e produtividade dos acessos de alho ‘Amarante’. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar características morfofisiológicas e produtivas de 20 acessos de alho ‘Amarante ‘do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH/UFV). O experimento foi conduzido a campo, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Durante o ciclo, foram avaliadas as características morfológicas das plantas, intensidade da cor verde, análise de crescimento, índice de colheita e produtividade de bulbos. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias agrupadas pelo critério de Skott-Knott e estimado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre características morfofisiológicas e produtividade de bulbo. Os acessos apresentaram comportamento diferencial durante as avaliações. Dentre esses, o BGH 7616 destacou-se por apresentar maiores área foliar, índice de colheita, massas de matéria seca de folhas, pseudocaule, bulbo e da planta inteira, resultando maiores produtividade total e comercial de bulbos. Maiores correlações foram encontradas entre produtividade total e duração de área foliar (r = 0,7263; p ( 0,01) no período de 87 a 114 dias após o plantio (DAP) e entre produtividade total e área foliar aos 87 DAP (r = 0,6442; p ( 0,01). Dentre todas as características avaliadas, a área foliar aos 87 DAP e a duração da área foliar no período de 87 a 114 DAP, foram as características morfofisiológicas que mais influenciaram a produtividade de bulbos de acessos de alho ‘Amarante’. Although it is an important vegetable used as a culinary ingredient around the world, there is little information on the characterization of growth and productivity of garlic cv. 'Amarante'. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive characteristics of 20 accessions of 'Amarante' garlic from the Vegetable Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH/UFV). The experiment was conducted in the field, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. During the garlic cycle, plants were evaluated for morphological characteristics, green color intensity, growth analysis, harvest index, and bulb productivity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were grouped by the Skott-Knott criteria. The Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated between morphophysiological characteristics and bulb yield. The accessions presented different behavior during the evaluations. BGH 7616 stood out for showing the greatest leaf area, harvest index, dry mass of leaves, pseudostem, bulb, and whole plant, resulting in the greatest total and commercial bulb yield. The highest correlations were found between total yield and leaf area duration (r = 0.7263; p ( 0.01) from 87 to 114 days after planting (DAP) and between total yield and leaf area at 87 DAP (r = 0.6442, p < 0.01). Among the evaluated characteristics, the leaf area at 87 DAP and leaf area duration from 87 to 114 DAP were the morphophysiological characteristics that most influenced the bulb yield in 'Amarante' garlic.

This study attempts to identify and categorize turquoise stone based on its compounds and major factors that introduces its color change. Turquoise samples which are investigated in this study have been collected from the most important turquoise mines in world. Combination of two different analysis methods assists this study for scrutinizing turquoise constituents and effects of their percent on its color change. The application of infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) methods can reveal the true composition of various “turquoise” samples in range of blue color to green color. Whereas the first technique (FTIR) is especially capable in diff ;erentiating between natural samples and fake or simulant stones for prevent of jobbery. Changing percent of four compounds including CuO, Al2O3, P2O5 and Fe2O3, is the most effective factors of varying color in turquoise stones. In conclusion, blue turquoise stone contains great percent of light elements or blue color factors in comparison to green turquoise stone which contains jorum of heavy element.

This chapter suggests that the theory of convenience can be applied in forecasting white-collar crime probability in organizations. Three discrete levels represent the probability for white-collar crime occurrence in the organization. Level one has the green color with zero to one-third likelihood of crime (probability of 0%–33%). Level two has the yellow color with one-third to two-thirds likelihood of crime (probability of 33%–67%). Level three has the red color with two-thirds to three-thirds likelihood of crime (probability of 67%–100%). As suggested in previous research, most organizations have over a period of a decade experienced one or more white-collar crime instances, so the average seems to be that it is just as likely as unlikely that crime will occur in a forecasting perspective for the following year.

The “color superiority effect” was confirmed by the research of color on forgetting, which showed that proactive interference (PI) has less impact on colored items than gray ones. Color could directly affect the buildup of PI, leading to reduced levels of interference, or controlled processes that resolve PI. However, the effects of red and green on memory were inconsistent. Using Recent-Probes task, the current study explored how the red and green color influenced to the buildup phase (i.e., 200ms after the onset of probe) and resolution phase (i.e. 800ms after the onset of probe) of PI. Results revealed that the reaction times of green words were significantly shorter than the red words under 200ms. There were no significant differences between the red and green words under 500ms and 800ms. It indicated that green might shortened the reaction times for the PI buildup, while red prolonged it. However, on the resolution phase of PI, green words were less effective than red words. These findings offered some new information for the underlying mechanisms that modulate the interactions between color and memory.

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a high-molecular-weight (775 Da), water-soluble dye with dark green color and has maximum optical absorption at 800 nm and maximum emission at 835 nm in the near-infrared wavelength.

Edamame is a food-grade soybean that is harvested at the green-immature stage (R6) and sold fresh or frozen for consumption after steaming or boiling. Limited studies have been conducted on high-temperature sterilization of edamame in cans and on acid preservation of edamame. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the color retention and texture of edamame when pasteurized in acidic brine as compared to boiling, to assess the effect of sucrose and turmeric addition on acid-treated edamame, and to characterize varietal differences when edamame lines were pasteurized in an acidic brine at either R6 or R8 stage. All studies were conducted using industry-standard processing conditions for acid-preservation of food in glass containers. The results of this research indicated that acid processing caused losses in intensity of green color and hue, but much smaller than those reported when heat-processing edamame in cans. We also observed a small and borderline significant increase in texture (p = 0.0790) in acid-preserved samples. In addition, we found that green color is positively affected by the addition of turmeric to the brine, but not of sucrose. Finally, the varieties R07-589 (red-brown seed coat) and R09-345 (black seed coat) acid-processed at R8 had color and texture similar to canned in-kind substitute products. In conclusion, acid-preservation, and addition of turmeric to immature edamame, helped maintain an acceptable quality of the processed products.

The (E)-2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-(5-(4-(diphenylamino) phenyl) thiophen-2-yl) acrylonitrile TP1 dye has been investigated as new fluorescent chemosensor for cyanide anions. The dye TP1 acted as strong turn on fluorescent sensor after addition of the cyanide anions. Upon addition of cyanide anions to dye TP1 solution induced a change in the solution color from red to green color under the naked-eye detection. While no color change could be observed in presence of other common-anions. The detection limit of dye TP1 for cyanide anions was found to be 4.24 × 10−8 M.

A new species of Aloe from the Indian Desert, India, is described and illustrated as Aloe trinervis sp. nov. The new species shows similarity with Aloe vera in having succulent, rosette leaves, persistent bracts, free tepals, and six stamens but differs in the recurved teeth instead of deltoid teeth on the leaf margins, 3-nerved bracts, branched and taller inflorescences (90–95 cm long), longer flowers of 31–34 mm in length, flowers with a pale green color being brownish at middle, and longer stamens (29–33 mm). A detailed description with data on its distribution and relevant taxonomic notes, comparative morphological, and color photo plate are provided for easy identification of the proposed new species, A. trinervis in relation to A. vera.