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Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence relating to the use of telehealth for gross motor assessment tools in children 0-12 years of age. Introduction: Telehealth was widely used by physiotherapists during the Covid-19 pandemic, however little is known about validity of gross motor assessment tools when using remote platforms. Qualitative reports show lack of confidence in physical assessments on telehealth. Inclusion criteria: Studies of children 0-12 that explore use of performance based gross motor assessment tools on a telehealth platform will be included in this review. Methods: A search will be undertaken of MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PEDRo and OTseeker. Grey searching will also be undertaken. The search strategy will be guided by an initial limited search and adapted to each database. Two reviewers will identify studies for inclusion and complete data extraction using a data extraction form. Data will be analysed using a study characteristics table accompanied by a narrative review.

Background: In the United Kingdom, schools play an increasingly important role in supporting young peoples��� mental health. While there is a growing evidence base to support the effectiveness of school���based interventions, less is known about how these provisions impact on local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) referral rates. There is a concern that an increase in school���based provision might lead to an increase in CAMHS referrals and overwhelm services. We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between Place2Be counselling provision in primary schools on CAMHS referral rates in South London. Method: This was a retrospective cohort study using linked data from the National Pupil Database (NPD) and CAMHS referrals to the South London and Maudsley���s NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) identified through the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) tool. The cohort included a total of 285 state���maintained primary schools in four London boroughs for the academic years of 2007���2012. During the study period, 23 of these schools received school���based mental health provision from Place2Be. The primary outcome was the incident rate ratio (IRR) of school���level accepted CAMHS referrals in 2012/13 in schools with, or without, Place2Be provision. Results: There was no significant association between elevated rates of CAMHS referral and Place2Be provision, even after comprehensive adjustment for school���level and pupil characteristics (IRR 0.91 (0.67���1.23)). School���level characteristics, including higher proportion of white���British pupils (IRR 1.009 (1.002���1.02)), medical staff ratio (IRR 6.49 (2.05���20.6)) and poorer Ofsted school inspection ratings (e.g. IRR 1.58 (1.06���2.34) for ���Requires Improvement��� vs. ���Outstanding���) were associated with increased CAMHS referral rates. Conclusions: Place2Be provision did not result in increased specialist mental health referrals; however, other school���level characteristics did. Future research should investigate pupils��� Place2Be clinical outcomes, as well the outcomes of individuals referred to CAMHS to better understand which needs are being met by which services.

This thesis addresses the influence of built structures on our interpretation of the world. This project concerns architecture and the built environment in the novels of Virginia Woolf. The aim of the research is to investigate the architectural settings and spaces evoked through description in the narrative. I study the places Virginia Woolf writes about and show how the narrative is evoked through the built environment, as well as objects contained therein. In this project, I assert that architecture and narrative reinforce one another. From this premise, I ask wider questions concerning the relationship between Woolf’s literary encounters with the built environment. I examine the theorisation of architecture and endeavour to contextualise it via Woolf’s architectural areas, street structures, non-domestic and domestic buildings.

Digital research infrastructure is essential for science today, whether it's modelling Covid-19 spread, predicting natural hazards, innovating in agritech, or gaining insights into human and taonga species genomics. Multiple organisations have a role to play in supporting the dissemination of this science and research impact. A collaborative effort is also needed to highlight the work of science and research organisations, to futureproof the sector, attract students into STEM subjects and retain early career researchers who will be taking on new challenges. Within the eResearch sector in the New Zealand there are opportunities for achieving collaborations on a larger scale.In this talk, Jana Makar, Communications Manager, New Zealand eScience Infrastructure (NeSI), Hannah Edwards, Communications and Marketing Manager, REANNZ and Claire Grant, Communications Manager, Genomics Aotearoa will talk to their collaborative approach to working on shared communications and supporting activities that highlight the impactful research contributions of their users and members.This talk will also explore:- If there is a gap or the need for a collaborative forum of communications professionals that work in organisations like Crown Research Institutes (CRIs), universities and the wider eResearch community?- Is there already a way for us to continue build connections and share communications opportunities?- Can we facilitate these collaborations at events like the eResearch NZ conference and beyond to maintain them throughout the year? ABOUT THE AUTHORS Jana Makar, Communications Manager, New Zealand eScience Infrastructure (NeSI)Based at the University of Auckland, Jana coordinates engagement initiatives and external communications to raise the profile of NeSI���s activities, impacts, and collaborations. She has a degree in Communications from the University of Calgary and spent the early part of her career working as a journalist. Hannah Edwards, Communications and Marketing Manager, REANNZHannah develops the external marketing and communications for REANNZ, New Zealand���s national research and education network (NREN). She supports and coordinates engagement initiatives and activities with members and partners, spreading the word of how REANNZ members use the network and services to support the crucial work that they conduct. Hannah most values making connections within the research and education community in New Zealand, as well as collaborating with the international communications and marketing professionals who work together as a part of the NREN community.Claire Grant, Communications Manager, Genomics AotearoaClaire Grant is the Communications Manager for Genomics Aotearoa, responsible for promoting its research activities and contributing to improving understanding of genomics in New Zealand. She has extensive experience in communications advisory and public relations in New Zealand, and is passionate about science communication.

Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) recurs after initial treatment in approximately one in four patients. A single-centre pilot study suggested that this could be reduced using ‘follow-on’ rifaximin treatment. We aimed to assess the efficacy of rifaximin treatment in preventing recurrence. Methods A multisite, parallel group, randomised, placebo controlled trial recruiting patients aged ≥18 years immediately after resolution of CDI through treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin. Participants received either rifaximin 400 mg three times a day for 2 weeks, reduced to 200 mg three times a day for a further 2 weeks or identical placebo. The primary endpoint was recurrence of CDI within 12 weeks of trial entry. Results Between December 2012 and March 2016, 151 participants were randomised to either rifaximin or placebo. Primary outcome data were available on 130. Mean age was 71.9 years (SD 15.3). Recurrence within 12 weeks was 29.5% (18/61) among participants allocated to placebo compared with 15.9% (11/69) among those allocated to rifaximin, a difference between groups of 13.7% (95% CI −28.1% to 0.7%, p=0.06). The risk ratio was 0.54 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.05, p=0.07). During 6-month safety follow-up, nine participants died in each group (12%). Adverse event rates were similar between groups. Conclusion While ‘follow-on’ rifaximin after CDI appeared to halve recurrence rate, we failed to reach our recruitment target in this group of frail elderly patients, so the estimated effect of rifaximin lacks precision. A meta-analysis including a previous trial suggests that rifaximin may be effective; however, further, larger confirmatory studies are needed.

The use of new technologies and methodologies in young people's mental health research is needed to allow more frequent and reliable sampling. Mobile applications and e-platforms create exciting potential for the collection of large-scale cohort data, however there are various feasibility and ethical issues to consider. Consultation with young people is needed to inform the research agenda, and ensure these technologies are engaging, useful and safe. This article describes the process of Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) with a sample of young people in London, with the aim of i) informing the development of a mood-monitoring e-platform, and ii) providing feedback and advice for researchers developing web-based technologies in the mental health field.A total of 26 young people were consulted across four advisory group co-design sessions. All young people were students enrolled at one of the participating London based sixth form colleges, and voluntarily attended a workshop session. Audio recordings of the sessions were analysed using a thematic analysis framework.We found that young people were engaged in discussions around mobile health technologies and valued the opportunity to collaborate throughout the early stages of the development process The advisory groups identified key considerations for future web-development work to encourage engagement and prolonged use, including, the promotion of trust and transparency, consideration of accessibility, provision of support, production of engaging and functional design, and acknowledgment of specific contextual influences surrounding young people's wellbeing.Involving young people in the development process of e-health technologies contributes to optimising the successful adoption and prolonged usage of new methodologies. The thematic map and informant examples can be used to guide researchers interested in developing web-based technologies in the mental health field and will be directly applicable to the development of a mood-monitoring e-platform.Mental health difficulties are common, impacting on the wellbeing, quality of life and overall health of many individuals. Most adult mental health challenges appear before the age of 18, yet there is still a lack of understanding around the factors influencing their development. Research typically relies on young people to reflect back over long periods, making it difficult to observe small changes in a real time setting. A better understanding of short term changes in symptoms could lead to new insights and inform new treatments. Given that young people are early adopters of new technology, an obvious way forward is to use mobile devices to capture young people’s self-reported mood, wellbeing daily events and experiences as they happen in real-time. Such methods would allow researchers and clinicians to gain a more detailed understanding of daily mood changes as well as how daily experiences can impact on mood and the overall mental health of young people.In order to develop an engaging mobile product that is useful, it is important to involve the end-users (young people) in development, design and testing processes. This involvement is also useful for exploring the ethical and practical concerns of developing mobile health technologies, particularly in the context of young people. This process forms part of a larger research project which explores the possibility of young people using a mobile mood monitoring application within a school setting. This article describes our Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) work with young people, with the aim of i) informing the development of our mood monitoring application, and ii) providing feedback and advice to researchers developing web-based technologies for young people in the mental health field.We found that young people were engaged in discussions around mobile health technologies and valued the opportunity to collaborate throughout the early stages of a development process. Participants actively collaborated through co-design practises and offered insight into design and function expectations and preferences. The advisory groups provided important context to our project, informing us of attitudes towards commercially available wellbeing applications, as well as mental health school-based research more broadly. In addition, young people highlighted key considerations for future web-development work, including, the promotion of trust and transparency, consideration of accessibility, provision of support, production of engaging and functional design, and an understanding of young people’s specific context.

This contribution aims to explain how European Criminal Law can be understood as constitutive of European identity. Instead of starting from European identity as a given, it provides a philosophical analysis of the construction of self-identity in relation to criminal law and legal tradition. The argument will be that the self-identity of those that share jurisdiction depends on and nourishes the legal tradition they adhere to and develop, while criminal jurisdiction is of crucial importance in this process of mutual constitution. This analysis will be complemented with a discussion of the integration of the first and the third pillar as aimed for by the Constitutional Treaty (TE), which would bring criminal law under majority rule and European democratic control. Attention will be paid to two ground breaking judgements of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) that seem to boil down to the fact that the Court actually manages to achieve some of the objectives of the CT even if this is not in force. This gives rise to a discussion of how the CT (and related judgements of the ECJ) may transform European criminal law in the Union to EU criminal law of the Union, thus producing an identity of the Union next to the identities prevalent in the Union. The contribution concludes with some normative questions about the kind of European identity we should aim to establish, given the fact that such identity will arise with further integration of criminal law into the first pillar.