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The aim of the study was a comparative evaluation of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), administered intraosseously to patients with stage IIIII knee osteoarthritis (OA) according to the Kellgren Lawrence (K-L) classification. Materials and methods: 40 patients were recruited and divided into 2 groups for the multicenter randomized study. Patients in the main group (n = 19) underwent a single intraosseous BMAC injection, and those in the comparison group (n = 21) had a similar procedure, but with the use of PRP. Treatment results were assessed at follow-up after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months using the verbal patient satisfaction scale (VSS), visual analog scale (VAS), WOMAC index (Western Ontario and MCMaster Universities osteoarthritis index), and Leken. Results: Estimated effectiveness of the application according to VSS from 1 to 6 months of observation, the opinions of patients were intercepted in the direction of BMAC (up to 65% of positive reviews) in the detection of PRP (up to 55 % of positive reviews). However, during the period of 6 to 12 months of observation we did not get significant results. Interpretation of the application of the VAS scale indicated a pronounced decrease of pain in both groups of patients. However, in the PRP group pain scores were higher. Analysis of the treatment results according to the WOMAC scale allows us to identify significant differences at all periods of observation with the prevalence of results in the BMAC group. Evaluation of the efficacy of therapy according to the Leken index indicated a more than twofold decrease in the index in the first month of observation. Subsequently, we noticed insignificant negative dynamic up to the 12th month of observation. When checking data between groups, the statistical data was significantly better in BMAC group. Conclusion. A single intraosseous injection of BMAC has an advantage at all control periods of observation in comparison with a similar injection of PRP. Both treatments do not cause serious complications.

Purpose: To study the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the correlations of left ventricle global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) in patients 3 months after proven COVID-19 pneumonia.Material and methods. 369 patients with proven COVID-19 pneumonia underwent a comprehensive clinical examination and echocardiography (EchoCG) after 3 months ± 3 weeks after their discharge from the hospital. Mean age of the patients was 54 [46; 61]; 50.9% of them were women. LV GLS was studied in 284 (77%) of patients with optimal visualization quality during echocardiography. LV GLS was considered reduced in the limit of > –18%. Study Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04501822.Results. 3 months after discharge, obesity was noted in 46.5% of patients, cardiovascular diseases were diagnosed in 73.4%, including de novo in 8.4%. Arterial hypertension occurred in 71.5% of patients, coronary artery disease — in 22.5%. The average left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction was 67.8 ± 5.0%, the average LV GLS was –19.5 ± 2.3%. LV GLS was reduced in 24.4% of the patients. LV GLS showed no correlation with the patient age, NYHA functional class and LV ejection fraction. Reduced LV GLS was independently associated with male sex (OR 1.399; 95% CI 1.239–1.580; p < 0.001), obesity (OR 1.268; 95% CI 1.132–1.421; p < 0.0001), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.204; 95 % CI 1.017–1.425; p = 0.031) and hypertension (OR 1.120; 95% CI 1.002–1.252; p = 0.046). LV GLS showed moderate positive correlations with echocardiographic parameters of right ventricle (RV): the length (r = 0.346), diastolic (r = 0.333) and systolic area (r = 0.326), width at the basal (r = 0.358) and midlevel (r = 0.321), as well as with the dimension of the proximal RV outfl ow tract (r = 0.302, all p < 0.001). LV GLS showed a weak correlation with the severity of lung lesions during hospitalization (r = 0.184; p = 0.002).Conclusions. 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia, cardiovascular diseases were diagnosed in 73.4%. Reduced LV GLS was observed in 24.4% of survivors and was associated with male sex, obesity, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and linear and planimetric RV dimensions.

Introduction. The currently used ionizing or invasive instrumental methods are considered to be unsuitable for haemodymanics monitoring. Contrast Enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can provide better images of renal blood flow. Objective. To assess the renal haemodynamics changes in patients with different course of type 2 diabetes on the CEUS evidences. Materials and methods. From 2019 to 2022 118 patients 62 women (52.5 %), 56 men (47.5 %), average age 64±5.2) were examined. The control group was (n=48). The same study design used for all patients included case history, physical examination, SR-36 and DEBQ questionnaires, laboratory examination, multiparametric examination, CEUS. Results. When assessing BMI the 41.02 %, 52.27 % and 42.85 % of patients were found to be overweighted in the 1, 2 and 3 groups, respectively. By the ROC analysis the quantitative parameters of the CUI were obtained: on day 1 AUC=0.6544, after 6 months AUC=0.6492, after 12 months AUC=0.7418, after 24 months AUC=0.7515, after 36 months AUC=0.7529. For ΔPI according to the data, the optimal threshold for cutting off the transition of diabetic kidney disease to CKD is 76.3 dB. Conclusions. 1. The use of ultrasound contrast agents in the diagnosis of CKD enhances the importance of the ultrasound method. 2. qualitative and quantitative parameters of the CUSI allow to assess the renal haemodynamics changes in patients with different course of type 2 diabetes. 3. ΔPI corresponds to a high quality of prognostic model for the CKD dynamics (AUC=0.7418) with an optimal threshold for cutting off the transition of diabetic disease kidneys in CKD 76.3 dB.

Relevance. Currently, atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability of the population. Since diabetic angionephrosclerosis in patients with DM develops for a long time and mainly in patients of the age group of the population, a differential diagnosis between diabetic and atherosclerotic angionephrosclerosis is necessary, which is reflected in the patent for the invention (patent RU No. 2785489). Aim of the research. To evaluate the effectiveness of a new method of differential diagnosis of diabetic and atherosclerotic angionephrosclerosis based on echocontrasty of the kidneys and ultrasound examination of the vessels of the neck. Materials and methods. In the period from 2019 to 2022, 86 people were examined, who underwent a comprehensive clinical laboratory and multiparametric ultrasound examination with subsequent assessment of the diagnosis of angioedema according to the original technique (Patent No. 2785489). All patients underwent a comprehensive diagnosis, including: collection of complaints and anamnesis, lipidogram, laboratory biochemical examination (capillary blood glucose mmol / L, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %), multiparametric ultrasound examination of the kidneys in B-mode with further Doppler assessment of the state of hemodynamics in the renal vessels, ultrasound of the intima-media complex carotid artery. Results and discussions. As a result of the study, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 44) – patients with glucose levels ≥ 6.1 mmol/l; group 2 (n = 42) – patients with glucose levels ≤6.1 mmol/l. As a result of complex clinical and laboratory and multiparametric ultrasound examination, combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the kidneys, the differential diagnosis of atherosclerotic and diabetic angionephrosclerosis was evaluated according to the proposed method. Diabetic angionephrosclerosis was detected in 31.81% of group 1 patients, and atherosclerotic angionephrosclerosis was detected in 11.3% of patients. In group 2, 69.04% had atherosclerotic angionephrosclerosis, diabetic angionephrosclerosis was not detected in any of their studied group 2 patients. Conclusions. 1. Thus, using the method of differential diagnosis of diabetic and atherosclerotic angionephrosclerosis (patent RU No. 2785489), it allows to separate diabetic and atherosclerotic angionephrosclerosis, as well as to correct diagnostic and therapeutic tactics of patient management with the possibility of preventing early vascular complications. 2. The proposed method of differential diagnosis of diabetic and atherosclerotic angionephrosclerosis allows monitoring the effectiveness of treatment of most diabetic and atherosclerotic angionephropathy.

Background. Studying the impact of complicated course of new coronavirus infection on the cardiovascular system in the long term after patient discharge from hospital is of high significance.Purpose. To compare the clinical and echocardiographic parameters of persons with history of verified COVID-19 pneumonia one year after discharge from hospital depending on the value of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS).Material and Methods. A total of 116 patients (50.4% men) aged 49.0 ± 14.4 years (from 19 to 84 years) with history of verified COVID-19 pneumonia were examined one year ± three weeks after discharge. The parameters of left ventricular global and segmental longitudinal strain were studied in 80 patients with optimal quality of echocardiographic visualization. Patients were divided into groups depending on the LV GLS value: group 1 included 35 patients with normal LV GLS (p = 0.145), severity of lung injury during hospitalization (p = 0.691), duration of hospitalization (p = 0.626), and frequency of stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.420).Results. Abnormal values of LV GLS one year after discharge were found in 57.5% of patients with optimal visualization quality while the LV ejection fraction (EF) was normal in all patients. The majority of patients in group 2 were men (71.1% vs 28.6%, p < 0.001). A combination of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (AH) was more often diagnosed in this group (22% vs 6%, p = 0.040). The values of LV EF did not differ between the groups. The values of LV GLS were significantly worse in patients of group 2 (–17.6 ± 1.9% vs –21.8 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the parameters of diastolic function including the left atrial emptying volume index (1.3 ± 0.3 mL/m2 vs 1.4 ± 0.3 mL/m2, р = 0.052) and velocity of the lateral part of the mitral valve fibrous ring e’ (10.8 ± 4 .4 cm/s vs 12.8 ± 4.0 cm/s, p = 0.045) were also lower in this group.Conclusions. The LV GLS was impaired in 57.5% patients with normal LV EF one year after COVID-19 pneumonia. In the group with impaired LV GLS, men predominated; coronary artery disease was more often detected in combination with AH; and parameters of LV diastolic function were worse compared with the corresponding parameters in the group of patients with normal LV GLS.

Aim. To study the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) as a predictor of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombosisin patients (pts) with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and different risk levels of thromboembolic complications (TEC) according to the CHA2DS2-VASc score.Methods. The study included 250 pts with non-valvular AF hospitalized for radiofrequency ablation, divided into 2 groups: group (gr.) 1 - with 0-1 points (n=79) and gr.2 - with ≥2 points on the CHA2DS2-VASc scale (n=171). According to the results of transesophageal echocardiography, pts of each group were divided into subgroups depending on the presence of LAA thrombosis, which was found in 19 pts of gr.1 and 72 of gr.2. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography, determination of blood biomarkers: NT-proBNP (pg/ml), GDF-15 (pg/ml), FGF-23 (pmol/l), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (mg/l), cystatin C (mg/l).Results. Pts with LAA thrombosis in both groups had in common: a longer history of arterial hypertension, a greater proportion of coronary artery disease and persistent AF, lower GFR, higher values of atrial volume indices, left ventricle myocardial mass, systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery, median NT-proBNP, FGF-23 and GDF-15. Logistic regression analysis performed separately in the groups revealed the same independent predictors of LAA thrombosis in both groups: LA volume index (LAVI) and the level of FGF-23 in the blood. At the same time, the threshold value of FGF-23, separating pts by the presence of LAA thrombosis, was higher in gr.1 (≥0.85 and ≥0.5 pmol/l, respectively), and the area under the AUC curve for FGF-23 in gr.1 was greater: 0.964 vs 0.865 in gr.2 (p=0.026).Conclusion. The serum level of FGF-23, along with the LAVI, is an independent predictor of LAA thrombosis in pts with AF and various risk of TEC according to CHA2DS2-VASc; the threshold level of FGF-23 for pts at low risk of TEC is significantly higher than for high risk pts, and allows more accurate prediction of the presence of LAA thrombosis.

Aim. To estimate the 10-year survival, clinical and biochemical status of responders and nonprogressors to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using biomarkers of fibrogenesis, neuro-humoral, immune, sympatho-adrenal activation.Methods. Eighty CRT patients (mean age 58.9±10.1 years; 90% men; 72.5% with coronary artery disease) with the best CRT response timing («best» timing), assessed by maximum decrease in left ventricle end-systolic volume (LVESV), were divided into groups: Gr.1 (n=42): non-progressors (decrease in LVESV by >015Results. In Gr.1, greater heart failure functional class was revealed (p=0.042). In Gr.1, there was less reverse cardiac remodeling in the «best» timing and greater pulmonary artery systolic pressure (p=0.029), NT-proBNP (p=0.020) in the «end» timing. Immune activation and imbalance of fibrogenesis were found across all time points of the study. In Gr.1, increase in NAdr level was revealed only in the «end» timing (p=0.017), but in Gr.2 it already was in the «best» timing (p=0.003). Correlations of NAdr «best» with ΔLVESV (r=-0.245; p=0.038), Δ left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (r=-0.293; p=0.013) in general group; and with IL-1β «best» (r=0.363; p=0.032), TNF-α «best» (r=0.360; p=0.034) in responders group were registered. Responder’s survival was the best only at 2 and 3 years after CRT implantation, with comparable survival between groups in subsequent years. In Gr.1, significant factors associated with 2-3-year survival were LVEDV «best» (RR 0.831 (0.713-0.967), p=0.017), LVESV «best» (RR 1.245 (1.040-1.492), p=0.017); in Gr.2, NT-proBNP «end» (RR 1.001 (1.000-1.001), p=0.024) related to 10-year survival in the absence of significant factors.Conclusion. Comparable 10-year survival rate of non-progressors and responders is probably due to immune, sympathetic-adrenal activation, fibrogenesis imbalance. In non-progressors group CRT response can be assessed as positive due to significant reverse cardiac remodeling and survival comparable to responders and associated with NT-proBNP level.

Relevance. Currently, metabolic syndrome (MS) occurs in 20–30% of the population. The main age of patients is 20–65 years. The study of this syndrome is genetically determined, which indicates that insulin resistance is genetically determined. The obtained facts allowed us to consider MS as the principle of primary prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications. MTS affects such vital organs as kidneys, pancreas, etc. Since the topic of the development of CKD in patients with metabolic syndrome is acute, a qualitative diagnosis of this complication is necessary. To date, such a method is non-ionizing contrast-enhanced ultrasound, which is not nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic and can be used in patients with reduced renal function.Objective. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the multimodal approach in the algorithm of instrumental diagnostics of examination of patients with metabolic syndrome on the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods. A study of patients with metabolic syndrome (n = 240) was conducted in 2020–2022. When collecting and analyzing clinical and laboratory data, (n = 67) had metabolically associated fatty liver disease: 22 of them were women (32.8%), 45 men (67.2%), average age 51.0 ± 4.2. All patients were examined according to a single diagnostic algorithm, which included four stages. Stage 1. Examination of patients by specialists, including clinical and laboratory data, with the resolution of the conclusion (n = 67). Stage 2. Ultrasound of the liver with quantitative ultrasound steatometry with determination of the level of the attenuation coeffcient of the ultrasonic wave (n = 67). Stage 3. Conducting dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the ‘Whole body’ mode (with an assessment of the percentage of adipose tissue, abdominal obesity index) (n = 67). Stage 4. Conducting multiparametric ultrasound of the kidneys in B-mode and colour Doppler mapping (CDC) mode in patients with CKD, followed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (n = 14). The criteria for inclusion in the study are age over 18 years, metabolic syndrome.Conclusions. 1. The algorithm of examination of patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease may include extended ultrasound examination of the kidneys, including contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the kidneys as a safe and effective method of assessing chronic kidney disease. 2. Two-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole body’ mode is a highly sensitive method in determining and monitoring the components of the metabolic syndrome. 3. A multimodal instrumental study of patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus makes it possible to identify possible complications at an early stage.

Aim. To investigate the agreement among different response criteria to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and long-term mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Methods. The study enrolled 141 patients (men 77.3%; women 22.7%) with CHF (65.2% ischemic and 34.8% non-ischemic etiology). Mean age was 58.6 [53.0;66.0] years. All patients had NYHA II-IV, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%; QRS ≥130 мs and/or left bundle branch block. Mean follow-up period was 45.0±34.2 months. Response to CRT was defined according to dynamics of NYHA functional class, LVEF, and left-ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV).Results. Moderate agreement was found among LVEF and LVESV (Cohen’s k coefficient 0.591±0.068) while we did not find the agreement among echocardiographic criteria and NYHA. Long-term mortality had moderate negative correlation with LVESV (r=-0.486; pConclusion. Agreement between different criteria to define response to CRT is poor. The strongest correlation with long-term mortality was found for LVESV. This inconsistency among different response criteria severely limits the ability to generalize results over multiple CRT studies.

Pathological resorption is diagnosed quite often in the treatment of periodontitis and is considered a prognostic adverse symptom. Increasing the effectiveness of the therapeutic treatment of destructive periodontitis is associated with the development of methods of instrumental and drug effects on root canals and depends on the correct selection of endo-sealant to achieve the predicted result. The combined pathology of root resorption is no exception in the case of a correctly chosen treatment strategy. The article reports on the successful therapeutic treatment of a tooth with destructive periodontitis and combined root resorption. Radiographically proven that there is a complete recovery of periapical tissues. Long-term results indicate the effectiveness of the treatment.

Aim. To study morphology of external resorption of apical root area of teeth with destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the acute stage.Materials and methods. Microrelief of 10 previously untreated teeth with destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the acute stage was investigated. The material was taken at the moment of dental manipulation of tooth extraction after injecting anesthesia with 2% lidocaine solution or Septanest if indicated with the information consent of the patient.Results. Damaged cement of heterogeneous structure with areas of resorption alternating with areas of undamaged cement in the area of the root tips was found. The resorbed cement looks like large lacunae with clearly outlined ribs, filled with rounded cell clusters – cementocytes.Conclusions. Resorbed tooth root cement of heterogeneous structure with different area and degree of destruction depth was found in the places of periodontal absence. In some cases the resorption of the root cement partially affected the inner area of the apical orifice.

Investigation of the relationship between inflammation and energy metabolism is important for understanding biology of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Use of metformin, a drug for treatment of diabetes, is considered as a promising direction for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other neuropathologies with an inflammatory component. Astrocytes play an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism and neuroinflammation; therefore, we studied the effect of metformin on the cellular responses of primary rat astrocytes cultured in a medium with high glucose concentration (22.5 mM, 48-h incubation). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate inflammation. The effects of metformin were assessed by monitoring changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and synthesis of oxylipins, assayed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Changes at the intracellular level were assessed by analyzing phosphorylation of ERK kinase and transcription factor STAT3, as well as enzymes mediating oxylipin synthesis, cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX). It was found that, independent on glucose concentration, metformin reduced the LPS-stimulated release of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, decreased activity of the transcription factor STAT3, ERK kinase, synthesis of the derivatives of the cyclooxygenase branch of metabolism of oxylipins and anandamide, and did not affect formation of ROS. The study of energy phenotype of the cells showed that metformin activated glycolysis and inhibited mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, independent on LPS stimulation and cell cultivation at high glucose concentration. Thus, it has been shown that metformin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, and its effect on the synthesis of cytokines, prostaglandins, and other lipid mediators could determine beneficial effects of metformin in models of neuropathology.

Стаття присвячена одвічній таємниці мистецтва – зустрічі та перетину двох світів: світу звуку та світу кольору. Здавна ця таємниця хвилювала видатних діячів науки та мистецтва. В даній статті розглядається одна зі спроб поєднання музики та кольору – «музика кольору». На відміну від більшості інших спроб, де автори намагалися знайти відповідність між нотами та кольорами і розгорнути музику кольору у часі як кольоровий супровід музичних творів, розробник «музики кольору», доцент кафедри живопису Харківської державної академії дизайну і мистецтв, Олександр Безруков запропонував створювати музичну гармонію за допомогою співзвучання кольорів у просторі. Асоціативно-образні композиції «музики кольору» будуються у відповідності до універсальних законів всесвіту. Асоціативний художній образ створюється завдяки закономірній взаємодії двох енергетичних потоків, які символізують предмет та тло на рівні підсвідомості. У статті розглянута техніка побудови асоціативно-образних кольорових композицій, історія виникнення та розвитку цього напряму в межах кращих традицій харківської художньої школи. Асоціативно-образні колірні композиції з учбових завдань з кольорознавства переросли у самостійні творчі роботи «музики кольору», що згодом оформилися в окремий напрям нефігуративного образотворчого мистецтва у роботах учнів та послідовників Олександра Безрукова. Асоціативно-образні колірні композиції можуть успішно використовуватися в різних галузях дизайну та існувати як самостійні художні твори. У результаті дослідження зроблено огляд історії виникнення «музики кольору» в українському середовищі, де колірна композиція розгортається в просторі. Розглянуто особливості побудови художнього образу в асоціативно-образних колірних композиціях «музики кольору». Показано, що твори «музики кольору» будуються згідно з універсальними принципами та законами гармонізації кольору, з урахуванням семантичного значення кольорів.

Control of blood circulation of a free vascularized graft is the most important problem in microsurgery of the musculoskeletal system in adults and children. In such transplants, ischemic and reperfusion changes in the microvasculature and cellular elements of tissues occur. The progression of these disorders, for example, due to insufficient anastomoses, can lead to partial necrosis, and in some cases to complete death of the graft, negating the results of a complex, many-hour operation. The failure rate after microvascular autotransplantation is 510%, more than half of which are pedicle thrombosis [32]. The development of optimal methods of postoperative monitoring can provide timely correction and prevention of irreversible tissue ischemia, and improve treatment results

The authors investigated the nature and kinetics of the moving fronts of localized deformation, which are formed at the elastoplastic transition in materials with dislocation and martensitic micromechanisms of plastic deformation under active tension at different velocity. Digital image correlation was used for registration and quantitative specification of front movement. Attained results were discussed under synergistic approach. A deformed subject is considered as open and far-from-equilibrium system (active medium) containing distributed potential energy source stress, which are microconcentrators. In process of external influence these concentrators relax through microslip and cause a form change of the object itself. Each microconcentrator can be considered as an active element, it has two states: metastable elastically stressed and stable relaxed. In external influence, transition is possible only from the first state to the second. Such elements are characterized as trigger elements and active medium is characterized as a bistable medium. In bistable media, switching autowaves propagate. They represent moving boundaries, which separate metastable and stable states. Within this concept considered fronts of localized deformation can be interpreted as switching autowaves. The study showed that shape and kinetic parameters of fronts of localized deformation do not depend on chemical composition, structure and micromechanisms of deformation, it confirms their autowave nature. On the other hand, the kinetics of switching autowaves should be determined by characteristics of the external influence. Genuinely, velocity of localized deformation fronts increases with deformation velocity. It is found that dependence of these fronts on deformation velocity is non-linear parabolic with index less than one and equally for all examining materials.

Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinases (IRAKs) are core effectors of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1R signaling, with no reported roles outside of innate immunity. We find that vertebrate cells exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) sequentially activate IRAK4 and IRAK1 through a phosphorylation cascade mirroring that induced by TLR/IL-1R, resulting in a potent anti-apoptotic response. However, IR-induced IRAK1 activation does not require the receptors or the IRAK4/1 adaptor protein MyD88, and instead of remaining in the cytoplasm, the activated kinase is immediately transported to the nucleus via a conserved nuclear localization signal. We identify: double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) as the biologic trigger for this pathway; the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino1 as the scaffold enabling IRAK4/1 activation in place of TLR/IL-1R-MyD88; and the pro-apoptotic PIDDosome (PIDD1-RAIDD-caspase-2) as a critical downstream target in the nucleus. The data delineate a non-canonical IRAK signaling pathway derived from, or ancestral to, TLR signaling. This DSB detection pathway, which is also activated by genotoxic chemotherapies, provides multiple actionable targets for overcoming tumor resistance to mainstay cancer treatments.

Background. The study of predictors that negatively affect the long-term prognosis of patients with an increased risk of coronary syndrome can improve the effectiveness of measures for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Aim. To determine the factors that have a negative impact on 5-year survival in patients with acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention. Material and methods. 135 patients with acute coronary syndrome enrolled in the Register of percutaneous coronary interventions in 20122013 at the Tyumen Cardiology Center, a branch of the Tomsk Research Institute of Cardiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, were included in the study. After 12 and 60 months, the clinical status of patients and ongoing drug therapy were evaluated, and an examination including echocardiography with an ultrasound scanner, daily monitoring of the electrocardiogram and standard blood pressure measuring was performed. Laboratory studies included general and biochemical blood tests. To calculate the factors associated with poor prognosis, a Cox proportional hazards regression model with stepwise inclusion was used. Survival was assessed by the KaplanMeier method using the Log-rank test (logarithmic test). Results. After 1 year, only three-quarters of patients continued the recommended drug therapy, a similar trend continued after 5 years of follow-up. The number of patients without any antiplatelet therapy increased from 19.9% after 12 months to 29.7% after 60 months. Overall survival after 1 year was 97.1%, after 5 years 86.7%. The risk of death increased in the presence of chronic kidney disease (risk ratio 15.1; 95% confidence interval 4.3052.93; p=0.001); type 2 diabetes mellitus (risk ratio 3.67; 95% confidence interval 1.1811.43; p=0.025), history of stroke (risk ratio 9.07; 95% confidence interval 1.8544.60; p=0.007), in patients with a heart rate 80 beats per minute [risk ratio 4.3; (95% confidence interval 1.5112.26; p=0.006) and at pulse pressure 60 mm Hg (risk ratio 4.68; 95% confidence interval 1.6013.72; p=0.005)]. Conclusion. The predictors that influenced the 5-year survival of patients after acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention were chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, a history of stroke, high pulse pressure, and increased heart rate of more than 80 beats per minute.

Plankton survey was conducted in the Chukchi Sea in August-September 2019 by two research vessels: RV Professor Levanidov in the western part of the sea and RV Ocean Starr in its eastern part. Parasagitta elegans dominated everywhere in zooplankton. Beside these arrowworms, species of the arctic and arctic-boreal complex were abundant in the northwestern Chukchi Sea, as Calanus glacialis and other species typical for the adjacent East-Siberian Sea. C. glacialis was numerous in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, too, together with species of the Arctic waters and the Beaufort Sea. The southern Chukchi Sea was occupied by the waters invaded from the Bering Sea, so species of the Bering Sea complex were abundant there, as Eucalanus bungii and Neocalanus plumchrus/flemingeri, at Alaska coast together with neritic species typical for the Alaska coastal water mass. The zooplankton community structure corresponded to the spring phase of seasonal succession in the northern area, whereas to the summer phase in the southern area. Total density of zooplankton was estimated as 65 t/km2 for the northwestern part of the sea, presented mostly by large-sized fraction (56 t/km2) including arrowworms (35 t/km2) and copepods (13 t/km2), and as 48 t/km2 for the southwestern part of the sea, also mostly large-sized fraction (40 t/km2). So high zooplankton density in the western Chukchi Sea is considered as result of the Bering Sea waters advection (previously such abundance was observed in 2008 — 40 and 36 t/km2, when the advection was also active). In the eastern Chukchi Sea, the total density of zooplankton was 44 t/km2 in the northeastern area (including 29 t/km2 of large-sized fraction) and 43 t/km2 in the southeastern area, that was higher than in 2017 (15 t/km2) but lower than in 2007 (49 t/km2). However, different phases of seasonal succession should be noted: summer season in 2019, spring season in 2017, and late-summer season in 2007.

Parabolicity in the sense of both Petrosky and Shilov has a scalar character. It is not able to take into account the specificity of the heterogeneity of the environment. In this regard, in the early 70-s, S.D. Eidelman proposed the so-called $\vec{2b}$-parabolicity, which is a natural generalization of the Petrovsky parabolicity for the case of an anisotropic medium. A detailed study of the Cauchy problem for equations with such parabolicity was carried out in the works of S.D. Eidelman, S.D. Ivasishena, M.I. Matiichuk and their students. An extension of parabolicity according to Shilov for the case of anisotropic media is $\{\vec{p},\vec h\}$-parabolicity. The class of equations with such parabolicity is quite broad, it includes the classes of Eidelman, Petrovskii, and Shilov and allows unifying the classical theory of the Cauchy problem for parabolic equations. In this work, for inhomogeneous $\{\vec{p},\vec h\}$-parabolic equations with vector positive genus, the conditions under which the Cauchy problem in the class of generalized initial functions of the type of Gelfand and Shilov distributions will be correctly solvable are investigated. At the same time, the inhomogeneities of the equations are continuous functions of finite smoothness with respect to the set of variables, which decrease with respect to the spatial variable, and are unbounded with the integrable feature with respect to the time variable.

The process of Rb2ZnCl4 crystal repolarization under the harmonic electric field influence in the ferroelectric phase near the Curie temperature was studied by the harmonic analysis method. The stu...

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intraosseous injection in the treatment of patients with knee OA stages II-III. Materials and Methods. The multicenter randomized study involved 40 patients (27 women, 13 men, average age 67.07.8 years, BMI 32.74.8, duration of disease 17.33.7 months) with knee OA of stages II-III according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) classification. Patients of the main (BMAC group) group (n = 19) underwent a single intraosseous injection of BMAC, in the comparison group (n = 21) a PRP injection (PRP group). The results were evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 12 months with the verbal rating scale (VRS), VAS, Leken and WOMAC scales. Results. Comparison of the results in the groups on the VRS showed that at an earlier time (3 and 6 months), the preferences of patients were in favor of the treatment of BMAC (65% and 55% positive reviews) before PRP (55% and 45% positive reviews), whereas after 12 months the differences were insignificant. Analysis of VAS indicators in patients of both groups indicated a more pronounced decrease in the severity of pain syndrome after BMAC intraosseous injection. The analysis of the Leken scale indicators showed in favor of BMAC throughout the entire observation period, the differences were most pronounced in the first 3 months of observation. The ratio of the values of the WOMAC index in both patients groups indicated statistically significant differences that persisted in all periods of follow-up, the increase in indicators occurred to a lesser extent after the introduction of BMAC compared with PRP. Conclusion. A single intraosseous BMAC injection has an advantage over a similar PRP injection in terms of pain, knee function and physical activity of patients at all follow-up periods. Both methods of treatment are equally safe.

It is shown in the work that plastic flow in solids develops always in localized manner. A macroscopic scale ~ 10-2 m characterizes the localization. The localized flow zones form the pattern of localized strain, which is the projection of the autowave processes of plastic flow, developing in the volume, on the observed surface of the tested specimen. One can observe the pattern with the help of speckle-photography method. The investigations of various materials allowed to establish that the pattern of localized deformation is the information source for a kinetics of deformation processes. A general characteristic of localized plastic flow in solids is the elastic-plastic invariant of deformation which couples the typical characteristics of localized plastic flow autowaves with the same for the elastic waves in crystal lattice. The quantity of the invariant ratio is defined for nearly forty various materials (BCC, FCC, HCP metals and alloys, alkali-halide crystals, ceramics, rocks) studied in the conditions of active elongation and compression at the temperature range 143-420 K. The physical considerations are presented to explain the invariant origination and its relation to other physical characteristics of crystal lattice, in particular, the Debye temperature. In the light of these considerations, it is possible to explain the meaning and the origin of the invariant, and to derive numerous consequences from them. In fact, the set of these consequences comprehend all the regularities of developed plastic flow processes and allows to consider the elastic-plastic invariant of deformation as the master equation for developing this day autowave approach to physical theory of plastic deformation.

Infectious process is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease. Prescription of antibacterial drugs should take into account the pharmacokinetic parameters of the medicine and the individual characteristics of the patient. Adequate antibiotic dosing is crucial for positive treatment outcome and minimisation of side effects. The aim of the study was to analyse scientific literature on factors affecting the dosing of antibacterials in patients with chronic kidney disease. Since most antibacterial medicines are eliminated by the kidneys, a decrease in glomerular filtration rate or kidney function should be followed by the dose adjustment in order to prevent the medicine accumulation and reduce the risk of side effects. Antibiotic dosing in such patients should be accompanied by kidney function assessment and be adjusted to ensure effective and safe treatment, as well as prevention of bacterial resistance. The review provides data on the dosing of some antibiotic groups (beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones) at different creatinine clearance rates. Extrarenal excretion of medicines does not usually require the dose adjustment in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The article contains materials from literary reports on the influence of minor infections, namely bovine leukemia, bovine immunodeficiency and bovine spumavirus infection on the immune status of animals, antigenic affinity of pathogens. Emphasis is placed on the biological properties of the causative agent of bovine immunodeficiency, its spread and pathogenesis, and disease diagnosis

Aim To develop a scale (score system) for predicting the individual risk of in-hospital death in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) with an account of results of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Material and methods The analysis used data of 1 649 sequential patients with STEMI included into the hospital registry of PCI from 2006 through 2017. To test the model predictability, the original sample was divided into two groups: a training group consisting of 1150 (70 %) patients and a test group consisting of 499 (30 %) patients. The training sample was used for computing an individual score. To this purpose, β-coefficients of each variable obtained at the last stage of the multivariate logistic regression model were subjected to linear transformation. The scale was verified using the test sample.Results Seven independent predictors of in-hospital death were determined: age ≥65 years, acute heart failure (Killip class III-IV), total myocardial ischemia time ≥180 min, anterior localization of myocardial infarction, failure of PCI, SYNTAX scale score ≥16, glycemia on admission ≥7.78 mmol/l for patients without a history of diabetes mellitus and ≥14.35 mmol/l for patients with a history of diabetes mellitus. The contribution of each value to the risk of in-hospital death was ranked from 0 to 7. A threshold total score of 10 was determined; a score ≥10 corresponded to a high probability of in-hospital death (18.2 %). In the training sample, the sensitivity was 81 %, the specificity was 80.6 %, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.902. In the test sample, the sensitivity was 96.2 %, the specificity was 83.3 %, and the AUC was 0.924.Conclusion The developed scale has a good predictive accuracy in identifying patients with acute STEMI who have a high risk of fatal outcome at the hospital stage.

The repolarization process of Rb2ZnCl4 crystals under the influence of a harmonic electric field in the ferroelectric phase in the vicinity of the domain structure freezing temperature T*≈150 K was...

The repolarization of Rb2ZnCl4 crystal under the influence of a harmonic electric field in the ferroelectric phase near the Curie temperature is studied via harmonic analysis. Study of the current density harmonics allows construction of the dependence of the density of electrical energy $${{W}_{{\text{c}}}}$$ on polarization $${{P}_{{\text{c}}}}$$ measured in the dynamics, and investigation of the temporal evolution of this dependence after destabilization of the domain structure by an alternating electric field. It is found that the nature of this dependence varies considerably during relaxation.

Biological properties of field isolates of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine foamy virus on homological cell cultures (fetal bovine lung and bovine coronary artery endothelial cells) were investigated. Pathogens of bovine slow infections, namely bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine foamy virus, are able to integrate into cell cultures of homologous to cattle type, which is confirmed by the results of PCR. There has been determined the presence of genetic material of pathogens of bovine immunodeficiency (BIV) and spumavirus infection (BFV) in the cultivation of lymphocytes of field isolates in the culture of bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAEC) at the level of 5th passage, and in the cell culture of fetal bovine lung (FBL) — at the level of 10th passage. In the process of integration of pathogens of immunodeficiency and spumavirus infection of cattle in continuous cell cultures FBL and BCAEC, morphological changes in the state of the monolayer by the principle of syncytiation and vacuolation are observed

The reactive component $${{J}_{c}}(t)$$ and the active component $${{J}_{g}}(t)$$ time dependences by the harmonic analysis method of the current density $${{J}_{x}}(t)$$ time dependences arising in the repolarization process in the studied samples in the ferroelectric phase under the action of an electric field $$E(t)$$, whose amplitude is higher than the coercive one, are obtained. Obtained dependences analysis showed general regularities in the dynamics of the (Rb1 – xKx)2ZnCl4 crystals domain boundaries. The regularities of the defects influence on the nonlinear physical properties associated with the domain structure dynamics are revealed.

The kinetics of deformation processes on the yield plateau is studied in aluminum alloy 1550. It is found out that in the general case, the Luders band fronts move discretely and only in the phase of specimen unloading. A continuous motion of the deformation fronts is possible if the relaxation rate of the applied stresses due to the test machine is higher than or equal to the rate of their decrease controlled by the internal processes at a lower scale level. The discrete motion of the Luders fronts in the 1550 alloy suggests that they are not purely switching autowaves.

Objective. To demonstrate the capabilities of a comprehensive instrumental multimodal differential diagnosis of viral pneumonia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Material and methods. A clinical case of a patient with complicated viral pneumonia and a detailed description of the clinical picture, laboratory information, instrumental research data using minimally invasive interventions, followed by cytological and bacteriological examination, is presented.Results. While the patient was in the hospital, a comprehensive study was performed with a targeted assessment of the state of the chest organs and using minimally invasive diagnostic methods. The signs of bilateral pneumonia (probably of viral etiology, possibly corresponding to COVID-19 infection) revealed by ultrasound and MDCT of the chest organs were the basis for patient’s hospitalization.Conclusion. The multimodal instrumental approach allows to obtain a more complete picture of the pathological process in patients with viral pneumonia in a short time and minimizing radiation and determine the further tactical position in the treatment of this category of patients.