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In this study, we present an approach to train a single speech enhancement network that can perform both personalized and non-personalized speech enhancement. This is achieved by incorporating a frame-wise conditioning input that specifies the type of enhancement output. To improve the quality of the enhanced output and mitigate oversuppression, we experiment with re-weighting frames by the presence or absence of speech activity and applying augmentations to speaker embeddings. By training under a multi-task learning setting, we empirically show that the proposed unified model obtains promising results on both personalized and non-personalized speech enhancement benchmarks and reaches similar performance to models that are trained specialized for either task. The strong performance of the proposed method demonstrates that the unified model is a more economical alternative compared to keeping separate task-specific models during inference., Comment: Accepted by ICASSP 2023

Additional file1: Table S1. County specific lithium prevalences. All BD patients. Table S2. County specific lithium prevalences for BD I, BD II, and BD NOS. Table S3. Logistic regression analyses for patients with BD I, BD II, or BD NOS only year 2015. OR estimating differences for patients in counties with high lithium prevalence compared to counties with low lithium prevalence. Adjusted for age, sex and psychiatric comorbidity. Table S4. Logistic regression analyses for patients with BD I only year 2015. OR estimating differences for patients in counties with high lithium prevalence compared to counties with low lithium prevalence. Adjusted for age, sex and psychiatric comorbidity. Figure S1. Inclusion and exclusion flow chart.

Additional file 1. Supplementary Tables and Figures.

Shoulder pain and pathology are extremely common for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) who use manual wheelchairs (MWC). Although risky humeral kinematics have been measured during wheelchair-based activities performed in the lab, little is known about arm motion in the free-living environment. The purpose of this study was to measure the humeral elevation workspace throughout a typical day for individuals with SCI and able-bodied matched controls. Thirty-four individuals with SCI who use a MWC (42.7 +/- 12.7 years of age, 28 males/6 females, C6-L1) and 34 age-and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Participants wore three inertial measurement units (IMU) on their upper arms and torso for one to two days. Humeral elevation angles were estimated and the percentage of time individuals spent in five elevation bins (0-30 degrees, 30-60 degrees, 60-90 degrees, 90-120 degrees, and 120-180 degrees) were calculated. For both arms, the SCI cohort spent a significantly lower percentage of the day in 0-30 degrees of humeral elevation (Dominant: SCI= 15.7 +/- 12.6%, Control= 32.1 +/- 15.6%, p

Supplemental material, Appendix_B_online_supp for How Do Subjective Health Literacy Measures Work in Young Adults?: Specifying “Online” or “Paper-Based” Forms Impacts Results by Mary C. Politi, Courtney M. Goodwin, Kimberly A. Kaphingst, Xuechen Wang, Angela Fagerlin, Lindsay N. Fuzzell and Sydney E. Philpott-Streiff in MDM Policy & Practice

Current management of bipolar disorder relies on self-reported questionnaires and interviews with clinicians. The development of objective measures of deteriorating mood may also allow for early interventions to take place to avoid transitions into depressive states. The objective of this study was to use acceleration data recorded from smartphones to predict levels of depression in a population of participants diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Data were collected from 52 participants, with a mean of 37 weeks of acceleration data with a corresponding depression score recorded per participant. Time varying hidden Markov models were used to extract weekly features of activity, sleep and circadian rhythms. Personalised regression achieved mean absolute errors of 1.00(0.57) from a possible scale of 0 to 27 and was able to classify depression with an accuracy of 0.84(0.16). The results demonstrate features derived from smartphone accelerometers are able to provide objective markers of depression. Low barriers for uptake exist due to the widespread use of smartphones, with personalised models able to account for differences in the behaviour of individuals and provide accurate predictions of depression., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Insomnia is common in people experiencing psychosis. It has been identified as a contributory cause of paranoia, but any causal relationship with hallucinations has yet to be established. We tested the hypotheses that insomnia i) has a cross-sectional association with hallucinations ii) predicts new inceptions of hallucinations and iii) that these associations remain after controlling for depression, anxiety, and paranoia. Data from the second (2000, N=8580) and third (2007, N=7403) British Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys were used to assess cross-sectional associations between insomnia and hallucinations. The 2000 dataset included an 18 month follow up of a subsample (N=2406) used to test whether insomnia predicted new inceptions of hallucinations. Insomnia was associated with hallucinations in both cross-sectional datasets. Mild sleep problems were associated with 2–3 times greater odds of reporting hallucinations, whilst chronic insomnia was associated with four times greater odds. Insomnia was also associated with increased odds of hallucinations occurring de novo over the next 18 months. These associations remained significant, although with smaller odds ratios, after controlling for depression, anxiety and paranoia. This is the first longitudinal evidence that insomnia is associated with the development of hallucinatory experiences. Effective treatment of insomnia may lessen the occurrence of hallucinations., Highlights • Insomnia was associated with hallucinatory experiences in both the 2000 and 2007 datasets. • Initial insomnia was associated with new hallucinatory experiences 18 months later. • The above associations remained significant after controlling for negative affect and paranoia.

Over the last decade, the isoxazoline motif has become the intense focus of crop protection and animal health companies in their search for novel pesticides and ectoparasiticides. Herein we report the discovery of sarolaner, a proprietary, optimized-for-animal health use isoxazoline, for once-a-month oral treatment of flea and tick infestation on dogs.

Let $\mathfrak g = \mathfrak{gl}_N(k)$, where $k$ is an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p > 0$, and $N \in \mathbb Z_{\ge 1}$. Let $\chi \in \mathfrak g^*$ and denote by $U_\chi(\mathfrak g)$ the corresponding reduced enveloping algebra. The Kac--Weisfeiler conjecture, which was proved by Premet, asserts that any finite dimensional $U_\chi(\mathfrak g)$-module has dimension divisible by $p^{d_\chi}$, where $d_\chi$ is half the dimension of the coadjoint orbit of $\chi$. Our main theorem gives a classification of $U_\chi(\mathfrak g)$-modules of dimension $p^{d_\chi}$. As a consequence, we deduce that they are all parabolically induced from a 1-dimensional module for $U_0(\mathfrak h)$ for a certain Levi subalgebra $\mathfrak h$ of $\mathfrak g$; we view this as a modular analogue of M{\oe}glin's theorem on completely primitive ideals in $U(\mathfrak{gl}_N(\mathbb C))$. To obtain these results, we reduce to the case $\chi$ is nilpotent, and then classify the 1-dimensional modules for the corresponding restricted $W$-algebra., Comment: 24 pages, minor changes, to appear in Compositio Mathematica

ObjectivesCognitive impairment is known to occur in bipolar disorder (BD), even in euthymic patients, with largest effect sizes often seen in Verbal Learning and Memory Tasks (VLT). However, comparisons between BD Type-I and Type-II have produced inconsistent results partly due to low sample sizes.MethodsThis study compared the performance of 183 BDI with 96 BDII out-patients on an adapted version of the Rey Verbal Learning Task. Gender, age, years of education, mood scores and age at onset were all used as covariates. Current medication and a variety of illness variables were also investigated for potential effects on VLT performance.ResultsBDI patients were significantly impaired relative to BDII patients on all five VLT outcome measures after controlling for the other variables [Effect Sizes=.13–.17]. The impairments seem to be unrelated to drug treatment and largely unrelated to illness variables, although age of onset affected performance on three outcome measures and number of episodes of mood elevation affected performance on one.LimitationsThis study used historical healthy controls. Analysis of potential drug effects was limited by insufficient participants not being drug free. Cross-sectional nature of the study limited the analysis of the potential effect of illness variables.ConclusionsThis study replicates earlier findings of increased verbal learning impairment in BDI patients relative to BDII in a substantially larger sample. Such performance cannot be wholly explained by medication effects or illness variables. Thus, the cognitive impairment is likely to reflect a phenotypic difference between bipolar sub-types.

Background: We recently described a new questionnaire to monitor mood called mood zoom (MZ). MZ comprises 6 items assessing mood symptoms on a 7-point Likert scale; we had previously used standard principal component analysis (PCA) to tentatively understand its properties, but the presence of multiple nonzero loadings obstructed the interpretation of its latent variables. Objective: The aim of this study was to rigorously investigate the internal properties and latent variables of MZ using an algorithmic approach which may lead to more interpretable results than PCA. Additionally, we explored three other widely used psychiatric questionnaires to investigate latent variable structure similarities with MZ: (1) Altman self-rating mania scale (ASRM), assessing mania; (2) quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (QIDS) self-report, assessing depression; and (3) generalized anxiety disorder (7-item) (GAD-7), assessing anxiety. Methods: We elicited responses from 131 participants: 48 bipolar disorder (BD), 32 borderline personality disorder (BPD), and 51 healthy controls (HC), collected longitudinally (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 363 [276] days). Participants were requested to complete ASRM, QIDS, and GAD-7 weekly (all 3 questionnaires were completed on the Web) and MZ daily (using a custom-based smartphone app). We applied sparse PCA (SPCA) to determine the latent variables for the four questionnaires, where a small subset of the original items contributes toward each latent variable. Results: We found that MZ had great consistency across the three cohorts studied. Three main principal components were derived using SPCA, which can be tentatively interpreted as (1) anxiety and sadness, (2) positive affect, and (3) irritability. The MZ principal component comprising anxiety and sadness explains most of the variance in BD and BPD, whereas the positive affect of MZ explains most of the variance in HC. The latent variables in ASRM were identical for the patient groups but different for HC; nevertheless, the latent variables shared common items across both the patient group and HC. On the contrary, QIDS had overall very different principal components across groups; sleep was a key element in HC and BD but was absent in BPD. In GAD-7, nervousness was the principal component explaining most of the variance in BD and HC. Conclusions: This study has important implications for understanding self-reported mood. MZ has a consistent, intuitively interpretable latent variable structure and hence may be a good instrument for generic mood assessment. Irritability appears to be the key distinguishing latent variable between BD and BPD and might be useful for differential diagnosis. Anxiety and sadness are closely interlinked, a finding that might inform treatment effects to jointly address these covarying symptoms. Anxiety and nervousness appear to be amongst the cardinal latent variable symptoms in BD and merit close attention in clinical practice.

Let $U$ be a Sylow $p$-subgroup of the finite Chevalley group of type $D_4$ over the field of $q$ elements, where $q$ is a power of a prime $p$. We describe a construction of the generic character table of $U$.

Haematobia irritans (horn fly) infestation in cattle is responsible for over a billion dollars a year in global economic loss due to decreased milk production and lower feed conversion. There is significant need for new insecticidal agents since current treatments such as organophosphates and pyrethroids suffer from field resistance. Isoxazoline oxime ethers represent a new class of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor channel blockers which show good activity (LD(90) = 1.0 μg/mL) against horn flies in an in vitro feed assay and have demonstrated efficacy (>90% reduction at 1.0mg/kg) as a topical treatment in a field study.

The kinase LKB1 is a tumor suppressor mutated in familial and sporadic human cancers, whose loss is uniquely coupled with metastatic progression. LKB1 serves as the direct upstream activating kinase for a family of 13 kinases known as the AMP-activated Protein Kinase Related kinases (AMPKRs). Although LKB1 controls growth and metabolism through phosphorylation of the well-characterized family member AMPK, the relative contribution and critical substrates of the other AMPKR members in tumor suppression remain uncharacterized. Using proteomic and bioinformatic approaches, we aimed to identify novel substrates of the MARK kinase subfamily, the human homologs of Par1 with conserved roles in cell polarity, Wnt signaling, and cytoskeletal signaling. In the presented work, we have identified two novel direct substrates of the MARK kinases, DIXDC1 and ICAT, which have critical roles in the suppression of metastasis and Wnt signaling, respectively. Additionally, we have identified the morphogens Wnt5a and Wnt5b as critical mediators of migration and invasion upregulated in genetically-defined contexts of LKB1 or DIXDC1 alteration, and also upon general metastatic progression in lung cancer. Clinically, our data suggests novel treatment strategies in metastatic lung cancer, melanoma, and colorectal carcinoma. Through further identification of MARK substrates based off the determined consensus motif profiles, and additional characterization of LKB1/DIXDC1/Wnt5a in laboratory models of tumor metastasis and patient populations, we aim to decode critical downstream effector pathways of the LKB1 tumor suppressor and novel therapeutic approaches to treat patients based on defined genetic alterations

Let $U = \mathbf U(q)$ be a Sylow $p$-subgroup of a finite Chevalley group $G = \mathbf G(q)$. In [GR}] R\"ohrle and the second author determined a parameterization of the conjugacy classes of $U$, for $\mathbf G$ of small rank when $q$ is a power of a good prime for $\mathbf G$. As a consequence they verified that the number $k(U)$ of conjugacy classes of $U$ is given by a polynomial in $q$ with integer coefficients. In the present paper, we consider the case when $p$ is a bad prime for $\mathbf G$. We obtain a parameterization of the conjugacy classes of $U$, when $\mathbf G$ has rank less than or equal to 4, and $\mathbf G$ is not of type $F_4$. In these cases we deduce that $k(U)$ is given by a polynomial in $q$ with integer coefficients; this polynomial is different from the polynomial for good primes., Comment: 13 pages

A finite $W$-algebra $U(\g,e)$ is a certain finitely generated algebra that can be viewed as the enveloping algebra of the Slodowy slice to the adjoint orbit of a nilpotent element $e$ of a complex reductive Lie algebra $\g$. It is possible to give the tensor product of a $U(\g,e)$-module with a finite dimensional $U(\g)$-module the structure of a $U(\g,e)$-module; we refer to such tensor products as translations. In this paper, we present a number of fundamental properties of these translations, which are expected to be of importance in understanding the representation theory of $U(\g,e)$., Comment: 38 pages

Let $q$ be a power of a prime $p$. Let $P$ be a parabolic subgroup of the general linear group $\GL_n(q)$ that is the stabilizer of a flag in $\FF_q^n$ of length at most 5, and let $U = O_p(P)$. In this note we prove that, as a function of $q$, the number $k(U)$ of conjugacy classes of $U$ is a polynomial in $q$ with integer coefficients., Comment: 8 pages; to appear in Pacific Journal of Mathematics

The 19 papers in this special issue were selected to represent the range of current problems in music information retrieval (MIR).

Let $\bfG$ be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over $\F_q$, where $q$ is a power of a prime $p$ that is good for $\bfG$. Let $F$ be the Frobenius morphism associated with the $\FF_q$-structure on $\bfG$ and set $G = \bfG^F$, the fixed point subgroup of $F$. Let $\bfP$ be an $F$-stable parabolic subgroup of $\bfG$ and let $\bfU$ be the unipotent radical of $\bfP$; set $P = \bfP^F$ and $U = \bfU^F$. Let $G_\uni$ be the set of unipotent elements in $G$. In this note we show that the number of conjugacy classes of $U$ in $G_\uni$ is given by a polynomial in $q$ with integer coefficients., Comment: 9 pages, Minor changes and corrections

Let q be a power of a prime and n a positive integer. Let P(q) be a parabolic subgroup of the finite general linear group GL(n,q). We show that the number of P(q)-conjugacy classes in GL(n,q) is, as a function of q, a polynomial in q with integer coefficients. This answers a question of J. Alperin., Comment: 12 pages; to appear in Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics

Let g be a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra over C and e be a nilpotent element. Elashvili and Kac have recently classified all good Z-gradings for e. We instead consider good R-gradings, which are naturally parameterized by an open convex polytope in a Euclidean space arising from the reductive part of the centralizer of e in g. As an application, we prove that the isomorphism type of the finite W-algebra attached to a good R-grading for e is independent of the particular choice of good grading., Comment: 27 pages

The focus of acquisition reform is to obtain better products for the Department of Defense (DoD) and motivate the actual contracting process of acquiring those produces for defense systems. The motivation comes from acquisition reform. The Alpha Contracting Process is one of several innovative contracting concepts of acquisition reform that has been implemented by several commands. The purpose of this thesis will be to determine the effectiveness of the Alpha Contracting Process. Data gathered from field research interviews, case studies, and survey data are employed to support the effectiveness of Alpha Contracting. Advantages and disadvantages and potential inhibitors to Alpha Contracting are discussed, as well as mechanisms to overcome the inhibitors. This thesis will provide a model of the traditional contracting process versus the alpha contracting process. The thesis concludes that alpha contracting can innovate the contracting process and provides recommendations for future research. http://archive.org/details/acquisitionrefor109453882 Civilian, United States Army Aviation and Missile Command Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition associated with mood instability, where patients present significant sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities. Currently, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder remains elusive, but treatment with lithium continues as the benchmark pharmacotherapy, functioning as a potent mood stabilizer in most, but not all patients. Lithium is well documented to induce period lengthening and amplitude enhancement of the circadian clock. Based on this, we sought to investigate whether lithium differentially impacts circadian rhythms in bipolar patient cell lines and crucially if lithium's effect on the clock is fundamental to its mood-stabilizing effects. We analyzed the circadian rhythms of bipolar patient-derived fibroblasts (n = 39) and their responses to lithium and three further chronomodulators. Here we show, relative to controls (n = 23), patients exhibited a wider distribution of circadian period (p < 0.05), and that patients with longer periods were medicated with a wider range of drugs, suggesting lower effectiveness of lithium. In agreement, patient fibroblasts with longer periods displayed muted circadian responses to lithium as well as to other chronomodulators that phenocopy lithium. These results show that lithium differentially impacts the circadian system in a patient-specific manner and its effect is dependent on the patient's circadian phenotype. We also found that lithium-induced behavioral changes in mice were phenocopied by modulation of the circadian system with drugs that target the clock, and that a dysfunctional clock ablates this response. Thus, chronomodulatory compounds offer a promising route to a novel treatment paradigm. These findings, upon larger-scale validation, could facilitate the implementation of a personalized approach for mood stabilization.

Adaptive changes in lysosomal capacity are driven by the transcription factors TFEB and TFE3 in response to increased autophagic flux and endolysosomal stress, yet the molecular details of their activation are unclear. LC3 and GABARAP members of the ATG8 protein family are required for selective autophagy and sensing perturbation within the endolysosomal system. Here, we show that during the conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM), Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and Salmonella-induced xenophagy, the membrane conjugation of GABARAP, but not LC3, is required for activation of TFEB/TFE3 to control lysosomal capacity. GABARAP directly binds to a previously unidentified LC3-interacting motif (LIR) in the FLCN/FNIP tumor suppressor complex and mediates sequestration to GABARAP-conjugated membrane compartments. This disrupts FLCN/FNIP GAP function toward RagC/D, resulting in impaired substrate-specific mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of TFEB. Thus, the GABARAP-FLCN/FNIP-TFEB axis serves as a molecular sensor that coordinates lysosomal homeostasis with perturbations and cargo flux within the autophagy-lysosomal network.