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Additional file 1. Fig. S1. Seeding and staining controls for OHCS experiment. a, b) C57BL/6J OHCS injected with sterile PBS (a) or monomeric α-Syn (b) do not show any aggregation either at injection site (DG) or elsewhere at 7 dpi, as detected by conformation-specific MJF-14 (green) and pSer129 (11A5, red). Scale bars = 20 μm (a), 100 μm (b). c) Injection of PFF in α-Syn knockout OHCS does not result in any aggregate pathology at 7 dpi, due to the lack of endogenous α-Syn needed to template aggregation. Conformation-specific MJF-14 (green) was used to detect pathology. Scale bar = 100 μm. Fig. S2. Unilateral intramuscular injection of PFF elicits higher pSer129 insult in the ipsilateral lumbar DRG compared to the contralateral side. Threemonth-old TgM83+/− mice were injected with full-length (1-140) mouse α-Syn PFF (n=4) in the right hindlimb (ipsilateral, in red) or vehicle in the left hindlimb (PBS pH 7.4, contralateral, in blue). a) Proteins from lumbar DRG (L3-L5) homogenates were separated by SDS-PAGE and visualized by immunoblotting with anti-α-Syn antibody, anti-pSer129-α-Syn, anti-b-actin, and anti-b-III tubulin. b) Densitometry quantification of immunoblots as a ratio of pSer129/total α-Syn. Results are shown as mean ± SEM, as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *P < 0.05. Fig. S3. Immunofluorescence detection of astrogliosis in relation to pSer129-α-Syn pathology in lumbar spinal cord, midbrain periaqueductal grey and thalamus of vehicle- injected M83 mice. a) pSer129-α-Syn(in green) co-detection with neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN, in red) in vehicle-injected mice in dorsal (DH) and ventral (VH) and horn of lumbar spinal cord. b) pSer129-α-Syn (in green) and glial fibrillary acidic protein marker (GFAP, in red) immunoreactivity in DH and VH of lumbar spinal cord, c) midbrain periaqueductual grey (MB-PAG) and d) thalamus. DAPI (blue) was used to stain the nuclei. Scale bar = 100 μm; insets in merge show 63X magnified views. Fig. S4. Immunofluorescence quantification of astrogliosis in lumbar and ventral horn of the spinal cord, midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) and thalamus in vehicle and PFF- injected M83 mice. Quantification was performed on 10X views using Zen software (Zeiss). DAPI was used as a cell marker, GFAP quantitation is expressed as GFAP+ cells/mm2 in the indicated regions. Results shown as mean ± SEM as determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparison test. ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. VH, ventral horn, DH, dorsal horn, PAG, periaqueductal grey, thalamus ventroposterior. Fig. S5. Immunofluorescence for pSer129-α-Syn pathology in lumbar spinal cord of PFF- injected M83 mice. pSer129-α-Syn immunoreactivity (in green) in the dorsal (DH) and ventral (VH) horns, and the intermediate grey (IG), with 20X magnified views of grey matter (red rectangles) and white matter (yellow rectangles) as overlayimages at a) at 14 dpi and b) 21 dpi. I-X represent Rexed laminae; CC, central canal. DAPI (blue) was used to stain the nuclei.Scale bar 100 μm.

Additional file of Trans-synaptic spreading of alpha-synuclein pathology through sensory afferents leads to sensory nerve degeneration and neuropathic pain