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The objective was to determine the nutritional and functional characteristics of cookies with the addition of Gurguéia nut and soursop residue. Three whole-grain cookie formulations were developed from a standard (SC). Whole-grain cookies 2 (WC2) had greater acceptance and preference. Proximate composition, microbiological, and bioactive compound analyses were performed for WC2 and SC. WC2 exhibited higher levels of proteins, lipids, ash, total phenolics, condensed tannins, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity, with lower carbohydrate content and equivalent energy. In the microbiological analysis, the cookies were shown to be adequate for consumption. Cookies produced with regional raw materials proved to be a healthier option. Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-14T15:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NutritionalFunctionalCharacteristicsWholeGrainCookiesJCSTFev2022.pdf: 1580920 bytes, checksum: 2152acabf742d9cb8a56c34b66962e90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 Published online: 13 Feb 2022.

The main objective of the Working Group on Biological Parameters (WGBIOP) is to review the status, issues, developments, and quality assurance of biological parameters used in assessment and management. WGBIOP (1) plans workshops, exchanges, and validation studies on a range of biological varia-bles to review the quality of information supplied for stock assessment and improve quality as-surance and training; (2) investigates data availability and develops documentation and methods to improve communication between data collectors and end-users; (3) delivers new and im-proved functionality for the SmartDots platform. Four otolith exchanges and two workshops were completed in 2020–2021 using SmartDots— eight further exchanges are ongoing. Proposed future exchanges and workshops were reviewed and approved. The development of the SmartDots platform proceeded with the inclusion of the maturity, eggs, atresia, fecundity, and larval identification modules into the software version. A live SmartDots tutorial for event coordinators was conducted. Work to further develop quality assurance guidelines—and review national applications of these—progressed. Age and maturity validation studies were reviewed and a new method for prioritizing future validation work was proposed. Progress with the Stock Identification Database (SID) was reviewed, and the potential for creating a WGBIOP library collection and active involvement of WGBIOP in updating FishBase.org data were evaluated. The importance of identifying and documenting links be-tween all relevant databases and document repositories was identified, and a task to address this was initiated. Work on improving the feedback loop between data collectors and stock assessors on the usage and quality of biological parameters in stock assessment continued. Moving forward, WGBIOP aims to continue collaboration with WGALES and WGSMART on the development of the SmartDots platform, encouraging cross-group sharing of skills and ex-perience to optimize results. WGBIOP aims to improve accessibility to its outputs through up-dates to SID and FishBase.org, and the potential creation of a WGBIOP library collection. WGBIOP hopes to improve two-way communication between data collectors and end-users around the quality and utility of biological parameters used in assessment. WGBIOP also aims to amalgamate all validation activities into one coherent workstream., ICES

The use of pre-harvest fire in sugarcane fields surprisingly results in an increase in the abundance of Neotropical Sigmodontinae rodents, which might carry hantavirus. By contrast, fire suspension induces a decline in rodents in the first 5 years. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of sugarcane harvest regimes on hantavirus prevalence in wild rodents. Field collections were carried out on a sugarcane production area in Northeast S˜ao Paulo, which is responsible for 30% of the ethanol production in Brazil. A few years after pre-harvest fire suspension, a high prevalence of hantavirus was found in small rodents at lower population density, but apparently higher population growth rate. Differences in life cycle between the rodents and their predators may explain such density patterns, as small rodents can breed twice or even three times each year, whereas their predators usually breed only once a year. Similarly, the temporal dynamics of the predator–prey relationship suggests that hantavirus prevalence is related to small rodent’s population growth and not density. Only Akodon montensis, Calomys tener, and Necromys lasiurus contained immunoglobulin G antibodiesagainst the recombinant nucleoprotein of Araraquara orthohantavirus, a genotype of Andes orthohantavirus, with no interspecific variation in seroprevalence among these species. However, males presented higher prevalence rate than females, possibly due to a male-biased dispersal pattern and a higher frequency of antagonistic interactions. Governance measures to mitigate the role of small wild rodents on the emergence of hantavirus in agricultural landscapes dominated by sugarcane plantations should include the use of wildlife-friendly management techniques (e.g., to mitigate the mortality of the predators of small rodents), human capacity building concerning wildlife-related conflicts, and multifunctionality of agricultural landscapes. Future studies should prioritize the possible relationship between microhabitat structure and hantavirus prevalence in small rodents in agricultural landscapes dominated by sugarcane fields.

The simulation of deep drawing processes and its quality is intrinsically dependent on the accuracy of the constitutive model in reproducing the mechanical behaviour of the sheet metal material. Today, the calibration of elastoplastic models – correspondent to the inverse identification of the material parameters – often uses full-field measurements, through Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques, to capture non-homogeneous strain fields and states, coupled with non-straightforward numerical inverse methodologies. In the last decade, new parameter identification methodologies, such as the Finite Element Model Updating (FEMU), the Constitutive Equation Gap (CEG) method, the Equilibrium Gap Method (EGM) and the Virtual Fields Method (VFM) have been developed and have proven to be effective for non-linear plasticity models. Nonetheless, the FEMU and the VFM have distinguished themselves from the others. More recently, supervised Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been also used as an inverse identification method. These artificial intelligence-based methods use large datasets of numerical tests to train an inverse model in which the input is the history of the strain field and loads during the test, and the output are directly the material parameters. The goal of this paper is to analyse, compare and discuss these inverse identification methods, with particular focus on the FEMU, VFM, and ML methodologies. A heterogeneous tensile-load test is considered to compare in detail the FEMU, VFM, and ML strategies.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-01 Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background and objective In the present study, we compared the effect of diabetic pregnancy on the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) in humans and rats. We hypothesized that our animal model could provide valuable information about alterations in the RAM of women with Gestational Diabetes (GDM). Method Newborns female rats (n = 10/group) were administered streptozotocin (100 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously and were mated on reaching adulthood, to develop the mild hyperglycemic pregnant (MHP) rat model. At the end of pregnancy, the mothers were sacrificed, and the RAM tissue was collected. Pregnant women without GDM (non-GDM group; n = 10) and those diagnosed with GDM (GDM group; n = 8) and undergoing treatment were recruited, and RAM samples were obtained at C-section. The RAM architecture and the distribution of the fast and slow fibers and collagen were studied by immunohistochemistry. Results No statistically significant differences in the maternal and fetal characters were observed between the groups in both rats and women. However, significant changes in RAM architecture were observed. Diabetes in pregnancy increased the abundance of slow fibers and decreased fast fiber number and area in both rats and women. A decrease in collagen distribution was observed in GDM women; however, a similar change was not observed in the MHP rats. Conclusion Our results indicated that pregnancy- associated diabetes- induced similar structural adaptations in the RAM of women and rats with slight alterations in fiber type number and area. These findings suggest that the MHP rat model can be used for studying the effects of pregnancy-associated diabetes on the fiber structure of RAM. Perinatal Diabetes Research Center University Hospital Botucatu Medical School Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics São Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu Medical School Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Philosophy and Sciences Department of Health Sciences Universidade Sagrado Coração Department of Anatomy São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Department of Biostatistics São Paulo State University (UNESP) Bioscience Institute Universidade Estadual Paulista Case Western Reserve University Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Imperial College London Universidade Federal de São Paulo Universidade Católica de Pernambuco Faculdade de Medicina de Marília Maastrich University Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Universidade do Sagrado Coração Faculdades Integradas de Bauru Perinatal Diabetes Research Center University Hospital Botucatu Medical School Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics São Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu Medical School Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Philosophy and Sciences Department of Anatomy São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Department of Biostatistics São Paulo State University (UNESP) Bioscience Institute Universidade Estadual Paulista FAPESP: #2014/26852-6 FAPESP: #2016/01743-5 FAPESP: #2016/09710-9

Magnetic skyrmions are mesmerizing spin textures with peculiar topological and dynamical properties, typically the product of competing interactions in ferromagnets, and with great technological potential [1-5]. Researchers have long wondered whether analogous electric skyrmions might exist in ferroelectrics, maybe featuring novel behaviors and possibilities for electric and mechanical control. The results thus far are modest, though: an electric equivalent of the most typical magnetic skyrmion (which would rely on a counterpart of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction) seems all but impossible; further, the exotic ferroelectric orders observed or predicted to date [6-8] rely on very specific nano-structures (composites, superlattices), which limits the generality and properties (e.g., mobility) of the possible associated skyrmions. Here we propose an original approach to write electric skyrmions in simple ferroelectric lattices in a customary manner. Our second-principles simulations [9] of columnar ferroelectric nano-domains, in prototype compound PbTiO3 , show that it is possible to harness the Bloch-type internal structure of the domain wall [10] and hence create a genuine skyrmion. We check that the object thus obtained displays the usual skyrmion-defining features; further, it also presents unusual ones, including a symmetry-breaking skyrmion-skyrmion transition driven by strain, various types of topological transformations induced by external fields and temperature, and potentially very small sizes. Our results suggest countless possibilities for creating and manipulating electric textures with non-trivial topologies, using standard experimental tools and materials, effectively inaugurating the field of electric skyrmions., Comment: 5 pages and 3 figures

In this paper, we propose a globally convergent method for solving constrained nonlinear systems. The method combines an efficient Newton conditional gradient method with a derivative-free and nonmonotone linesearch strategy. The global convergence analysis of the proposed method is established under suitable conditions, and some preliminary numerical experiments are given to illustrate its performance.

Características geográficas do estado do Paraná frente aos desastres naturais. Este estudo surgiu da necessidade de análise qualitativa dos componentes do espaço geográfico do Estado do Paraná frente aos desastres naturais, especificamente os alagamentos, inundações, enxurradas e deslizamentos. Para isso aplicou-se o conceito GTP em três tempos na tentativa de compreender como se dá à atuação da natureza e suas forças como fonte de eventos naturais perigosos. Como a sociedade se comporta diante destes eventos, entendendo a maneira como a dinâmica social, econômica e cultural pode ser suporte para barrar, ou ao menos amenizar, a intensidade destes eventos, se tornando o recurso diante da fonte e ressurgimento por meio da cultura, símbolos e tradições. Os componentes do Geossistema levados em consideração neste estudo foram: geologia; relevo; solos; clima; hidrografia. Já os componentes do território estão expressos no Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social, grau de urbanização, densidade populacional e análise de redes de transporte e comunicação. Os componentes da paisagem foram materializados em patrimônio histórico, documental, natural, arqueológico e diferentes comunidades tradicionais. Cada componente do GTP forneceu elementos capazes de expressar os fenômenos presentes na análise do espaço, gerando subsídios para um minucioso entendimento do risco de ocorrência de desastres naturais no Estado do Paraná. Le but principal de cet article est d'avoir une compréhension du risque de catastrophes naturelles dues à des phénomènes d'inondation dans le Paraná en relation entre le risque et la vulnérabilité, suivant le modèle conceptuel de risque. Pour analyser le risque et la vulnérabilité de l'État du Paraná face à la survenue d'inondations, la cartographie des événements, de leur probabilité de sensibilité spatiale et temporelle de la vulnérabilité de la population exposée sont devenus indispensables. Ce travail a été élaboré, sur le plan méthodologique, en deux étapes : la première, avec l'analyse du danger dans l'État du Paraná à partir d'études de probabilité des inondations et la susceptibilité à la survenue de ces événements ; la deuxième, à l'analyse de la vulnérabilité, constitué d'études de la population exposée et les actifs exposés à des événements et de la vulnérabilité sociale des municipalités de l'État. Toutes les variables du modèle de risque conceptuel utilisé dans cette étude ont été élaborées grâce à des indicateurs et des indices qui ont servi à différencier les communes en fonction de leur sensibilité, de la probabilité, de la population exposée, des biens exposés et de la vulnérabilité sociale. Ces valeurs ont été utilisées pour former d'autres indices pour l'analyse des risques et de la vulnérabilité et, enfin, l'indice de risque à la survenance de catastrophes naturelles liées aux inondations dans l'État du Paraná. This study arose from the need for qualitative analysis of the geographical area components of the Paraná front of natural disasters, especially the urban floods, floods, mudslides and landslides. For this it applied the GTP concept in three times in trying to understand how is the role of nature and its forces as a source of natural hazardous events. As society behaves on these events, understanding how social dynamics, economic and cultural can be supported to stop, or at least mitigate, the intensity of these events, making the front of the source resource and revival through culture, symbols and traditions. The geosystem components considered in this study were: geology; relief; soils; climate; hydrography. As for the components of the territory are expressed in the Social Vulnerability Index, degree of urbanization, population density and analysis of transport and communication networks. The landscape components were materialized in historical, documentary, natural, archaeological and different traditional communities. Each GTP component provided elements capable of expressing the present phenomena in the analysis of space, generating subsidies for a thorough understanding of the risk of natural disasters in the State of Paraná.

Caracteristicas geograficas do estado do Parana frente aos desastres naturais. Este estudo surgiu da necessidade de analise qualitativa dos componentes do espaco geografico do Estado do Parana frente aos desastres naturais, especificamente os alagamentos, inundacoes, enxurradas e deslizamentos. Para isso aplicou-se o conceito GTP em tres tempos na tentativa de compreender como se da a atuacao da natureza e suas forcas como fonte de eventos naturais perigosos. Como a sociedade se comporta diante destes eventos, entendendo a maneira como a dinâmica social, economica e cultural pode ser suporte para barrar, ou ao menos amenizar, a intensidade destes eventos, se tornando o recurso diante da fonte e ressurgimento por meio da cultura, simbolos e tradicoes. Os componentes do Geossistema levados em consideracao neste estudo foram: geologia; relevo; solos; clima; hidrografia. Ja os componentes do territorio estao expressos no Indice de Vulnerabilidade Social, grau de urbanizacao, densidade populacional e analise de redes de transporte e comunicacao. Os componentes da paisagem foram materializados em patrimonio historico, documental, natural, arqueologico e diferentes comunidades tradicionais. Cada componente do GTP forneceu elementos capazes de expressar os fenomenos presentes na analise do espaco, gerando subsidios para um minucioso entendimento do risco de ocorrencia de desastres naturais no Estado do Parana.

Uniform standards for the recording and scoring of respiratory events during sleep are lacking in Europe, although many centres follow the published recommendations of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The aim of this study was to assess the practice for the diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing throughout Europe. A specially developed questionnaire was sent to representatives of the 31 national sleep societies in the Assembly of National Sleep Societies of the European Sleep Research Society, and a total of 29 countries completed the questionnaire. Polysomnography was considered the primary diagnostic method for sleep apnea diagnosis in 10 (34.5%), whereas polygraphy was used primarily in six (20.7%) European countries. In the remaining 13 countries (44.8%), no preferred methodology was used. Fifteen countries (51.7%) had developed some type of national uniform standards, but these standards varied significantly in terms of scoring criteria, device specifications and quality assurance procedures between countries. Only five countries (17.2%) had published these standards. Most respondents supported the development of uniform recording and scoring criteria for Europe, which might be based partly on the existing American Academy of Sleep Medicine rules, but also take into account differences in European practice when compared to North America. This survey highlights the current varying approaches to the assessment of patients with sleep-disordered breathing throughout Europe and supports the need for the development of practice parameters in the assessment of such patients that would be suited to European clinical practice.

Every great invention, innovative design or visionary art piece ever created started in the same way: with a blank canvas. However, you never begin a new project with a completely clean slate: besides memories, past experiences and general knowledge, all of us are constantly surrounded by information, which can have a profound influence in our daily lives. Designers, just like other problem solvers, often find inspiration for their solutions in the myriad of stimuli they encounter. Nevertheless, these random encounters with inspiration are unpredictable. When they are required to consistently deliver creative solutions, designers can become stuck or fixated, unable to continue generating ideas. And because inspiration is not understood as a step-wise process that can be neatly followed by a method, nobody knows whether a stimulus found by chance may lead to an insight and, subsequently, to the development of a novel and practical solution. Although this is a process that designers naturally, and often unconsciously experience in practice, research on design inspiration has not gained much traction so far. This thesis aimed to address that, to better support the inspiration process of designers and thereby promote the development of creative solutions. This thesis is composed by a theoretical and empirical investigation, which culminates in the conclusions chapter, with implications and recommendations for design education and practice. In the theoretical investigation, chapters 1 and 2 introduce the topic of inspiration in design. More specifically, chapter 1 describes the main phenomenon explored in this thesis and the research methodology adopted for each study. Chapter 2 reviews meaningful theoretical streams of literature, relevant for the study of inspiration in design, by including concrete definitions of inspiration in relation to information, inspiration sources and stimuli. The empirical investigation section of this thesis is composed by four studies, ranging from quantitative (such as questionnaire and empirical studies) to qualitative methods (case studies and interviews). Thus, chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6 offer a multi-faceted exploration of the inspiration process: whilst chapter 3 (Study I) explores what designers search for, chapter 4 (Study II) investigates the influence of stimuli in design ideation and, finally, chapters 5 and 6 (Studies III and IV) zoom in the inspiration process of designers. The outcome of this thesis is in-depth knowledge on the inspiration process of designers within the field of design creativity. Furthermore, I present a model of designers’ inspiration process, which accounts for the specific steps involved in the use of external stimuli for inspirational purposes in design. These findings contributed to the development of recommendations for design practice and education, which can be used to support designers in their inspiration process to enhance creativity.

Portugal e Espanha partilham uma extensa área de fronteira o que por um lado pode causar conflitos, nomeadamente pela necessidade de partilhar recursos hídricos em bacias hidrográficas internacionais, mas por outro, é uma base sólida para a criação de políticas de cooperação transfronteiriça, para planeamento e desenvolvimento de projetos de interesse comum. Entre diversos convénios inseridos numa política de cooperação transfronteiriça, surgiu a Convenção Sobre a Cooperação para a Proteção e o Aproveitamento Sustentável das Águas das Bacias Hidrográficas Luso- Espanholas (Convenção de Albufeira), assinada por Portugal e Espanha, em 1998. Para garantir a aplicabilidade desta convenção foi criada a Comissão para a Aplicação e o Desenvolvimento da Convenção de Albufeira (CADC) composta por vários Grupos de Trabalho (GT). Em particular, o GT de “Segurança de Infraestruturas Hidráulicas e Cheias” dá resposta ao art.º12 da Convenção de Albufeira, que define que Espanha e Portugal devem “…desenvolver conjuntamente programas específicos sobre a segurança das infraestruturas hidráulicas e a avaliação dos riscos que, em caso de rotura ou de acidente grave, possam originar efeitos adversos significativos sobre qualquer das Partes, assim como a avaliação dos riscos potenciais…”. Neste artigo apresenta-se a experiência na identificação das barragens portuguesas cuja rotura poderia originar efeitos adversos também em Espanha. Esta experiência foi adquirida na sequência da análise realizada pelo GT de “Segurança de Infraestruturas Hidráulicas e Cheias”. Assim, são apresentadas metodologias para o estudo de cheias induzidas por roturas de barragens que permitem identificar aquelas que ainda originam efeitos adversos na zona transfronteiriça luso-espanhola. Dá-se ênfase aos métodos simplificados mas também se apresenta, para um caso de estudo, uma abordagem baseada na utilização de um modelo hidrodinâmico de simulação de cheias - o software de utilização livre HEC-RAS. Trata-se do estudo da cheia induzida pela rotura da barragem de Pedrógão, localizada na bacia hidrográfica internacional do rio Guadiana. DHA/NRE 2013 maio

The CALIOPE-EU high-resolution air quality modeling system, namely WRF-ARW/HERMES-EMEP/CMAQ/BSC-DREAM8b, is developed and applied to Europe (12 km × 12 km, 1 h). The model performances are tested in terms of air quality levels and dynamics reproducibility on a yearly basis. The present work describes a quantitative evaluation of gas phase species (O3, NO2 and SO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) against ground-based measurements from the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) network for the year 2004. The evaluation is based on statistics. Simulated O3 achieves satisfactory performances for both daily mean and daily maximum concentrations, especially in summer, with annual mean correlations of 0.66 and 0.69, respectively. Mean normalized errors are comprised within the recommendations proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA). The general trends and daily variations of primary pollutants (NO2 and SO2) are satisfactory. Daily mean concentrations of NO2 correlate well with observations (annual correlation r = 0.67) but tend to be underestimated. For SO2, mean concentrations are well simulated (mean bias = 0.5 μg m−3) with relatively high annual mean correlation (r = 0.60), although peaks are generally overestimated. The dynamics of PM2.5 and PM10 is well reproduced (0.49 < r < 0.62), but mean concentrations remain systematically underestimated. Deficiencies in particulate matter source characterization are discussed. Also, the spatially distributed statistics and the general patterns for each pollutant over Europe are examined. The model performances are compared with other European studies. While O3 statistics generally remain lower than those obtained by the other considered studies, statistics for NO2, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 present higher scores than most models.

Este artigo descreve uma metodologia para documentação de barreiras encontradas em interfaces. A partir de uma avaliação realizada em qualquer interface é possível documentar estas barreiras utilizando o conceito de anti-patterns, gerando uma base de conhecimento para evitar re-trabalhos futuros e auxiliar no design de interfaces 32 62 189 196 This paper describes a methodology for documentation of barriers found in interfaces. From an evaluation carried out in any interface you can record these barriers using the concept of anti-patterns, creating a knowledge base to avoid future re-work, and assist in designing interfaces.

Turra, A., Gonçalves, M. A. O., Denadai, M. R. (2005): Spatial distribution of the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata in low-energy tide-dominated sandy beaches. Journal of Natural History 39 (23): 2163-2177, DOI: 10.1080/00222930500060165, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500060165

A 22-year-old woman who presented with a tumour of the upper eyelid with clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a Merkel cell carcinoma is reported. This is a unique case of Merkel cell carcinoma in such a young patient. This neuroendocrine tumour is typically found in the elderly. It can grow rapidly, has the potential for local recurrence and early metastatic spread. The authors recommend wide resection of the primary site, which proved effective in this case.

Most of current interest in Heavy Metal Fluoride Glasses is due to their transmission properties in the infrared, which make them good candidates for long haul fiberoptics, lenses, windows and lasers. Some physical properties of ZBLAN glasses were studied. Vickers microhardness tests were performed with different loads and the region where microhardness was independent on the load was determined. The elastic constants of glasses heat treated or not were determined by ultrasonic method and no substancial change was observed after treatment.

Trypsin is a widely used enzyme for protein hydrolysis and can be used to improve functional and nutritional properties of foods. This work compares different carriers obtained from spent grains as potential candidates for trypsin immobilisation. Covalent attachment to the carriers was tested using glutaraldehyde. The efficiency of immobilisation and activity, operation and storage stability of free and immobilised enzyme on supports were determined. The amount of immobilised protein achieved was high (up to 70 %) but there was a significant loss of enzyme activity with the immobilisation of trypsin. However, when a more purified enzyme from bovine pancreas was used, activity retention was almost 50 %. Trypsin was most successfully immobilised on the supports by covalent attachment using glyoxyl-derivatives. The stability of these immobilized enzymes was close to 100%., This work was co-financed by Social European Fund (public call 1/5.3/PRODEP/2003, financial application 1012.012, of measure 5/action 5.3 – Post-graduate training for academic staff submitted by Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The purpose of this study was to identify the Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold (EMGFT) of the biceps brachii muscle bilaterally during the elbow flexion in tests performed in different times. 30 second test, 1 minute test and fatiguing test, in concentric (CC) and eccentric (EC) phases. Nine healthy young men performed the elbow flexion with loads corresponding at 25%, 35% and 45% of the one repetition maximum (1-RM) in separate days. The results indicated that the test applied for the biceps brachii muscle during elbow flexion induced a progressive increment of EMG activity with time indicating muscle fatigue and allowed the identification of the EMGFT. The three tests presented no difference of EMGFT between CC and EC phases bilaterally.

L'objectif global du projet SUDOE Interreg IV B « Aguaflash » est le développement d'une méthode d'évaluation des risques de dégradation de la qualité des eaux dans les bassins versants agricoles au cours de crues, transposable aux bassins versants de Sudoe. Il répond ainsi à la priorité européenne du renforcement de la protection et de la conservation durable de l'environnement et des milieux naturels dans les régions du SUDOE, plus particulièrement dans le cadre d'une problématique de préservation de la qualité de la ressource en eau potable, en période de crue. Le groupe de tâches GT3 a pour objectifs dans une première phase (GT3.1) de mettre au point la méthode de détermination des zones à risque potentiel de contamination des eaux de surface sur le BV la Save, puis le test de cette méthode. La seconde phase (GT 3.2) prévoit l'application de cette démarche sur les trois autres bassins versants étudiés dans ce projet : Flumen et Alegria en Espagne ; Enxoé au Portugal. Ce délivrable GT3.2 indique les éléments méthodologiques et les résultats finaux obtenus par bassin versant, la démarche générale ayant été déjà exposée en détails dans les délivrables GT3.1a et b. Le bassin versant du Flumen présente une surface de 1430 km2 ce qui permet de le comparer d'un point de vue de sa dimension à celui de la Save (1150 km2). Alors que les deux autres BV sont de tailles nettement inférieures : 94 km2 pour le BV d'Alegria et 60 km2 pour l'Enxoé. Ces quatre BV se distinguent également par les conditions climatiques différentes : Le BV Save est sous influence océanique (700-800 mm pluviométrie annuelle) mais avec un déficit hydrique de l'ordre de 200mm. Le Flumen est sous climat continental semi aride : la pluviométrie annuelle y est de l'ordre de 400 mm avec une évapotranspiration de même niveau. Le BV Alegria est sous influence continentale: la pluviométrie est de l'ordre de 600 mm/an. Le BV Enxoé est de type méditerranéen sec : la pluviométrie annuelle y est d'environ 450 mm mais essentiellement d'octobre à avril. L'évapotranspiration est très forte (environ 1250 mm /an). Ces conditions climatiques conditionnent directement la nature des cultures et occupation du sol ainsi que les pratiques culturales. De plus, les conditions arides ou semi aride engendrent des orages parfois très violents qui expliquent des crues importantes. Aussi dans l'étude des risques potentiels, il convient alors de modéliser de façon la plus fine possible le réseau hydrographique susceptible de recueillir les contaminants provenant des pratiques culturales.

An exchange perspective of the relationship customer-grocery recognizes the important role that both the seller and the shopper assume in their relationships. Today consumers are increasingly considering green consumption, which has led to a situation where retailers expend substantial resources in response to this challenge. However, this consumption has remained lackluster justifying the need for greater knowledge about consumers’ behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to characterize groups of customers based on their perceptions of value, satisfaction with retailers as well as on risk perceived associated with their environmentally consumption practices. As a result of cluster analysis, we obtained a consumers’ typology differing in their relational benefits, satisfaction and risks perceptions. Some suggestions are given to retailers and also recommendations about the need to closely consider their product offerings to ascertain what aspects contribute to the value considered by shoppers. Uma perspetiva social ou comportamental do relacionamento entre clientes e retalhistas de produtos de mercearia reconhece a importância que as interações entre vendedor e comprador assumem ao longo do tempo. Esta interdependência aposta no desenvolvimento de relacionamentos e ganha relevância em mercados em que existe envolvimento entre os diversos atores presentes. Embora tradicionalmente em mercearias esta dinâmica seja diminuta, os retalhistas nesta área têm vindo a envolver substanciais recursos na proximidade e contacto com o cliente particularmente em produtos onde o risco psicológico percebido é maior como é o caso dos chamados “produtos verdes”. O objetivo deste artigo é obter tipologias de consumidores e caracterizar estes grupos neste contexto e numa ótica relacional com base nas suas perceções de valor, satisfação e risco percebidos. São ainda apresentadas algumas sugestões e recomendações para os retalhistas com base nas conclusões obtidas.

We present the R package bild for the parametric and graphical analysis of binary longitudinal data. The package performs logistic regression for binary longitudinal data, allowing for serial dependence among observations from a given individual and a random intercept term. Estimation is via maximization of the exact likelihood of a suitably defined model. Missing values and unbalanced data are allowed, with some restrictions. The code of bild is written partly in R language, partly in Fortran 77, interfaced through R. The package is built following the S4 formulation of R methods.