18 results on '"Glauco Battagliarin"'
Search Results
2. Effect of Polymer Properties on the Biodegradation of Polyurethane Microplastics
- Author
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Patrizia Pfohl, Daniel Bahl, Markus Rückel, Marion Wagner, Lars Meyer, Patrick Bolduan, Glauco Battagliarin, Thorsten Hüffer, Michael Zumstein, Thilo Hofmann, and Wendel Wohlleben
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Biodegradation, Environmental ,Suppuration ,Polymers ,Microplastics ,Polyurethanes ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Plastics - Abstract
The release of fragments from plastic products, that is, secondary microplastics, is a major concern in the context of the global plastic pollution. Currently available (thermoplastic) polyurethanes [(T)PU] are not biodegradable and therefore should be recycled. However, the ester bond in (T)PUs might be sufficiently hydrolysable to enable at least partial biodegradation of polyurethane particles. Here, we investigated biodegradation in compost of different types of (T)PU to gain insights into their fragmentation and biodegradation mechanisms. The studied (T)PUs varied regarding the chemistry of their polymer backbone (aromatic/aliphatic), hard phase content, cross-linking degree, and presence of a hydrolysis-stabilizing additive. We developed and validated an efficient and non-destructive polymer particle extraction process for partially biodegraded (T)PUs based on ultrasonication and density separation. Our results showed that biodegradation rates and extents decreased with increasing cross-linking density and hard-segment content. We found that the presence of a hydrolysis stabilizer reduced (T)PU fragmentation while not affecting the conversion of (T)PU carbon into CO
- Published
- 2022
3. Nachhaltiges Design von Struktur‐ und Funktionspolymeren für die Kreislaufwirtschaft
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Bernhard von Vacano, Hannah Mangold, Guido W. M. Vandermeulen, Glauco Battagliarin, Maximilian Hofmann, Jessica Bean, and Andreas Künkel
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General Medicine - Published
- 2023
4. Sustainable Design of Structural and Functional Polymers for a Circular Economy
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Bernhard von Vacano, Hannah Mangold, Guido W. M. Vandermeulen, Glauco Battagliarin, Maximilian Hofmann, Jessica Bean, and Andreas Künkel
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General Chemistry ,Catalysis - Abstract
To achieve a sustainable circular economy, polymers need to start transitioning to recycled and biobased feedstock and accomplish CO2 emission neutrality. This is not only true for structural polymers, such as in packaging or engineering applications, but also for functional polymers in liquid formulations, such as adhesives, lubricants, thickeners or dispersants. At their end of life, polymers need to be either collected and recycled via a technical pathway, or be biodegradable if they are not collectable. Advances in polymer chemistry and applications, aided by computational material science, open the way to addressing these issues comprehensively by designing for recyclability and biodegradability. This review explores how scientific advances, together with emerging regulatory frameworks, societal expectations and economic boundary conditions, paint pathways for the transformation towards a circular economy of polymers.
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- 2022
5. Environmental Biodegradation of Water-Soluble Polymers: Key Considerations and Ways Forward
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Michael Zumstein, Glauco Battagliarin, Andreas Kuenkel, and Michael Sander
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Biodegradation, Environmental ,Polymers ,Biodegradation ,Testing and assessment ,Water ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Adsorption ,Peptides and proteins ,Wastewater - Abstract
Water-soluble polymers (WSPs) have unique properties that are valuable in diverse applications ranging from home and personal care products to agricultural formulations. For applications that result in the release of WSPs into natural environments or engineered systems, such as agricultural soils and wastewater streams, biodegradable as opposed to nonbiodegradable WSPs have the advantage of breaking down and, thereby, eliminating the risk of persistence and accumulation. In this Commentary, we emphasize central steps in WSP biodegradation, discuss how these steps depend on both WSP properties and characteristics of the receiving environment, and highlight critical requirements for testing WSP biodegradability.
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- 2022
6. Biodegradation of poly(butylene succinate) in soil laboratory incubations assessed by stable carbon isotope labelling
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Taylor F, Nelson, Rebekka, Baumgartner, Madalina, Jaggi, Stefano M, Bernasconi, Glauco, Battagliarin, Carsten, Sinkel, Andreas, Künkel, Hans-Peter E, Kohler, Kristopher, McNeill, and Michael, Sander
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Carbon Isotopes ,Soil ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Polymers ,Isotope Labeling ,Polyesters ,Succinates ,Carbon Dioxide ,Butylene Glycols ,Plastics ,Carbon - Abstract
Using biodegradable instead of conventional plastics in agricultural applications promises to help overcome plastic pollution of agricultural soils. However, analytical limitations impede our understanding of plastic biodegradation in soils. Utilizing stable carbon isotope (
- Published
- 2021
7. Field and mesocosm methods to test biodegradable plastic film under marine conditions
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Christian Lott, Boris Unger, Katharina Schlegel, Markus T. Lasut, Dorothée Makarow, Glauco Battagliarin, Andreas Eich, and Miriam Weber
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Geologic Sediments ,Research Facilities ,Polymers ,Applied Microbiology ,Marine and Aquatic Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Mesocosm ,Oceans ,Materials ,Sedimentary Geology ,Multidisciplinary ,Aquatic ecosystem ,Temperature ,Geology ,Environment, Controlled ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Mesocosms ,Chemistry ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Macromolecules ,Research Design ,Benthic zone ,Physical Sciences ,Biodegradation ,Medicine ,Engineering and Technology ,Biodegradable plastic ,0210 nano-technology ,Plastics ,Research Article ,Biotechnology ,Food Chain ,Science ,Oceans and Seas ,Materials Science ,Bioengineering ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Environmental Biotechnology ,Sea Water ,Bodies of water ,Mediterranean Sea ,Seawater ,Ecosystem ,Petrology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Field Tests ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Environmental engineering ,Aquatic Environments ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Pelagic zone ,Polymer Chemistry ,Marine Environments ,Earth Sciences ,Environmental science ,Sediment - Abstract
The pollution of the natural environment, especially the world’s oceans, with conventional plastic is of major concern. Biodegradable plastics are an emerging market bringing along potential chances and risks. The fate of these materials in the environment and their possible effects on organisms and ecosystems has rarely been studied systematically and is not well understood. For the marine environment, reliable field test methods and standards for assessing and certifying biodegradation to bridge laboratory respirometric data are lacking. In this work we present newly developed field tests to assess the performance of (biodegradable) plastics under natural marine conditions. These methods were successfully applied and validated in three coastal habitats (eulittoral, benthic and pelagic) and two climate zones (Mediterranean Sea and tropical Southeast Asia). Additionally, a stand-alone mesocosm test system which integrated all three habitats in one technical system at 400-L scale independent from running seawater is presented as a methodological bridge. Films of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer (PHA) and low density polyethylene (LD-PE) were used to validate the tests. While LD-PE remained intact, PHA disintegrated to a varying degree depending on the habitat and the climate zone. Together with the existing laboratory standard test methods, the field and mesocosm test systems presented in this work provide a 3-tier testing scheme for the reliable assessment of the biodegradation of (biodegradable) plastic in the marine environment. This toolset of tests can be adapted to other aquatic ecosystems.
- Published
- 2020
8. Ortho- vsBay-Functionalization: A Comparative Study on Tetracyano-Terrylenediimides
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Wojciech Zajaczkowski, Glauco Battagliarin, Sebastian Stappert, Wojciech Pisula, Klaus Müllen, Suhao Wang, Chen Li, and Sreenivasa Reddy Puniredd
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Diffusion ,Intermolecular force ,Cyanation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Biomaterials ,Semiconductor ,Electrochemistry ,Surface modification ,Physical chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,Charge carrier ,Grain boundary ,Self-assembly ,business - Abstract
In this paper n-type semiconductors synthesized via selective fourfold cyanation of the ortho- and bay-positions (2,5,10,13- and 1,6,9,14-positions respectively) of teyrrylenediimides are reported. A detailed study about the impact of the diverse functionalization topologies on the optoelectronic properties, self-organization from solution, solid-state packing, and charge carrier transport in field-effect transistors is presented. The ortho-substitution preserves the planarity of the core and favors high order in solution processed films. However, the strong intermolecular interactions lead to a microstructure with large aggregates and pronounced grain boundaries which lower the charge carrier transport in transistors. In contrast, the well-soluble bay-functionalized terrylenediimide forms only disordered films which surprisingly result in n-type average mobilities of 0.17 cm2/Vs after drop-casting with similar values in air. Processing by solvent vapor diffusion enhances the transport to 0.65 cm2/Vs by slight improvement of the order and surface arrangement of the molecules. This mobility is comparable to highest n-type conductivities measured for solution processed PDI derivatives demonstrating the high potential of TDI-based semiconductors.
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- 2014
9. Functional Layers for ZnII Ion Detection: From Molecular Design to Optical Fiber Sensors
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Radu A. Gropeanu, Klaus Müllen, David Beljonne, Zhihong Liu, Chen Li, Glauco Battagliarin, Mathieu Surin, Roberto Lazzaroni, Claire Tonnelé, Tanja Weil, Marc Debliquy, and Jean-Michel Renoirt
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Ions ,Aqueous solution ,Molecular Structure ,Inorganic chemistry ,Isothermal titration calorimetry ,Imides ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Ion ,Zinc ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Proton NMR ,Fiber Optic Technology ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Selectivity ,Perylene ,Derivative (chemistry) - Abstract
We report on the synthesis of a novel perylene monoimide derivative that shows high response and selectivity for zinc ion detection. The complexation of Zn(2+) by the dye is followed by FD-MS, (1)H NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Quantum chemical calculations are performed to gain further insight into the electronic processes responsible for the spectroscopic changes observed upon complexation. Finally, the perylene dye is incorporated in a sol-gel silica layer coated on optical fibers that are then used for Zn(2+) detection in aqueous solution.
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- 2013
10. Biocompatible Polylactide-block-Polypeptide-block-Polylactide Nanocarrier
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Manfred Wagner, Nils Billecke, Mischa Bonn, Ruben Ragg, Markus Klapper, Kalina Peneva, Robert Dorresteijn, Klaus Müllen, Sapun H. Parekh, Glauco Battagliarin, and Gianluca Rago
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Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Drug Compounding ,Polyesters ,Nanoparticle ,Bioengineering ,Polymerization ,Biomaterials ,symbols.namesake ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Copolymer ,Humans ,Particle Size ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Drug Carriers ,Endocytosis ,Polyester ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Emulsion ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,symbols ,Nanoparticles ,Nanocarriers ,Peptides ,Raman spectroscopy ,Drug carrier ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
Polypeptides are successfully incorporated into poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) chains in a ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide by using them as initiators. The resulting ABA triblock copolymers possess molecular weights up to 11000 g·mol(-1) and polydispersities as low as 1.13, indicating the living character of the polymerization process. In a nonaqueous emulsion, peptide-initiated polymerization of l-lactide leads to well-defined nanoparticles, consisting of PLLA-block-peptide-block-PLLA copolymer. These nanoparticles are easily loaded by dye-encapsulation and transferred into aqueous media without aggregation (average diameter of 100 nm) or significant dye leakage. Finally, internalization of PLLA-block-peptide-block-PLLA nanoparticles by HeLa cells is demonstrated by a combination of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) and fluorescence microscopy. This demonstrates the promise of their utilization as cargo delivery vehicles.
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- 2013
11. Ortho-Functionalized Perylenediimides for Highly Fluorescent Water-Soluble Dyes
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Klaus Müllen, Melari Davies, Glauco Battagliarin, Stephan A. Mackowiak, and Chen Li
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Microscopy, Confocal ,Alkylation ,Chemistry ,Cell Membrane ,Water ,Imides ,Photochemistry ,Fluorescence ,Phosphonate ,Catalysis ,Ruthenium ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Single Molecule Spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Water soluble ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Perylene ,Fluorescent Dyes ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
Clearly visible: A water-soluble and highly fluorescent perylenediimide is synthesized via ruthenium-catalyzed alkylation with outstanding yields. For the first time, the possibility to use phosphonate derivatives in a Murai-type reaction is demonstrated.
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- 2012
12. 2,5,8,11-Tetraboronic Ester Perylenediimides: A Next Generation Building Block for Dye-Stuff Synthesis
- Author
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Volker Enkelmann, Chen Li, Klaus Müllen, and Glauco Battagliarin
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Reaction mechanism ,chemistry ,Block (telecommunications) ,Organic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Organic chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Catalysis ,Ruthenium - Abstract
Via an unprecedentedly reported ruthenium catalyzed reaction, an efficient and straightforward method was developed for the synthesis of 2,5,8,11-tetraboronate perylenediimide derivatives. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed. The synthesis of 2,5,8,11-tetra-iodo and tetra-amino perylenediimides derivatives is also reported.
- Published
- 2011
13. Polythiophene:Perylene Diimide Solar Cells - the Impact of Alkyl-Substitution on the Photovoltaic Performance
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Klaus Müllen, Glauco Battagliarin, Valentin Kamm, Ian A. Howard, Wojciech Pisula, Alexey Mavrinskiy, Chen Li, and Frédéric Laquai
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Photoluminescence ,Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Photochemistry ,Polymer solar cell ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Diimide ,Solar cell ,Polythiophene ,General Materials Science ,Perylene - Abstract
The photovoltaic parameters, i.e., the short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and device fill factor, of bulk heterojunction solar cells that use perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives as electron acceptors are often far below the theoretically expected values for reasons still not entirely understood. This article demonstrates that the photovoltaic characteristics of blend films of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT) and PDI molecules are improved upon using a core-alkylated PDI derivative instead of the often used N-alkylated PDI molecules. A doubling of the power conversion efficiency of P3HT:PDI solar cells by using the core-alkylated PDI derivative is observed leading to an unprecedented power conversion efficiency of 0.5% for a P3HT:PDI solar cell under AM1.5 solar illumination. Furthermore, the optical properties of the novel PDI derivative are compared to two standard exclusively N-alkylated PDI derivatives by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in solution and solid state. The experiments reveal that aggregation in the solid state determines the photophysics of all PDI derivatives. However, the emission energy and excited state lifetime of the aggregates are clearly influenced by the alkyl-substitution pattern through its effect on the packing of the PDI molecules. X-ray diffraction experiments before and after thermal annealing of PDI:polystyrene and PDI:P3HT blends reveal subtle differences in the packing characteristics of the different PDI derivatives and, problematically, that P3HT ordering is suppressed by all of the PDI derivatives.
- Published
- 2011
14. Orthogonal self-assembly and selective solvent vapour annealing: simplified processing of a photovoltaic blend
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Andrea Liscio, Luigi Monsù Scolaro, Giovanna De Luca, Glauco Battagliarin, Paolo Samorì, Vincenzo Palermo, Klaus Müllen, and Long Chen
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Materials science ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Analytical chemistry ,Electron donor ,Electrons ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Microscopy, Atomic Force ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Catalysis ,supramolecular chemistry ,Polyethylene Glycols ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Microscopy ,Materials Chemistry ,Solar Energy ,Thin film ,Perylene ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Kelvin probe force microscope ,Metals and Alloys ,General Chemistry ,Electron acceptor ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,self-assembling ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Solvent ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Ceramics and Composites ,Solvents ,Self-assembly ,Gases ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Selective solvent vapour annealing is used on a photovoltaic blend to enhance the interaction between the electron acceptor and the electron donor, simplifying thin films post-processing for photovoltaic applications. A remarkable improvement in the interfacial charge transfer in the bulk hetero-junction is attained, as measured by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy.
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- 2013
15. Wetting on the microscale: shape of a liquid drop on a microstructured surface at different length scales
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Doris Vollmer, Aránzazu del Campo, Chen Li, Lena Mammen, Hans-Jürgen Butt, Periklis Papadopoulos, Klaus Müllen, Xu Deng, Katharina Landfester, Dirk-Michael Drotlef, and Glauco Battagliarin
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Length scale ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,business.industry ,Drop (liquid) ,Water ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Contact angle ,Optics ,Principal curvature ,Nano ,Electrochemistry ,Wettability ,Microtechnology ,General Materials Science ,Wetting ,Dimethylpolysiloxanes ,business ,Order of magnitude ,Microscale chemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Fluorescent Dyes - Abstract
Describing wetting of a liquid on a rough or structured surface is a challenge because of the wide range of involved length scales. Nano- and micrometer-sized textures cause pinning of the contact line, reflected in a hysteresis of the contact angle. To investigate contact angles at different length scales, we imaged water drops on arrays of 5 μm high poly(dimethylsiloxane) micropillars. The drops were imaged by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), which allowed us to quantitatively analyze the local and large-scale drop profile simultaneously. Deviations of the shape of drops from a sphere decay at two different length scales. Close to the pillars, the amplitude of deviations decays exponentially within 1-2 μm. The drop profile approached a sphere at a length scale 1 order of magnitude larger than the pillars' height. The height and position dependence of the contact angles can be understood from the interplay of pinning of the contact line, the principal curvatures set by the topography of the substrate, and the minimization of the air-water interfaces.
- Published
- 2012
16. Efficient tuning of LUMO levels of 2,5,8,11-substituted perylenediimides via copper catalyzed reactions
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Chen Li, Yanfei Zhao, Klaus Müllen, and Glauco Battagliarin
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010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Characterization (materials science) ,Electron affinity (data page) ,Computational chemistry ,Copper catalyzed ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,HOMO/LUMO - Abstract
Via one-step copper catalyzed procedures it was possible to synthesize 2,5,8,11-tetrabromo, tetrachloro, and tetracyano derivatives of perylenediimides. Characterization of optical and electrochemical properties of these materials proves substantial enhancement of the electron affinity, with a LUMO level as low as -4.4 eV in the case of the tetracyano perylenediimide.
- Published
- 2011
17. UV Absorbing Zwitterionic Pyridinium-Tetrazolate. Exceptional Transparency/Optical Nonlinearity Tradeoff
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Renato Ugo, Glauco Battagliarin, Giorgio A. Pagani, Alessandro Sanguineti, Stefania Righetto, Riccardo Ruffo, Luca Beverina, Raffaella Soave, Leonardo Lo Presti, Dominique Roberto, Beverina, L, Sanguineti, A, Battagliarin, G, Ruffo, R, Roberto, D, Righetto, S, Soave, R, Lo Presti, L, Ugo, R, and Pagani, G
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Models, Molecular ,Pyridines ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Tetrazoles ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Optics ,Electric field ,Thermal ,Materials Chemistry ,tetrazole ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Solvatochromism ,Metals and Alloys ,General Chemistry ,Chromophore ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Chemical physics ,Transparency (graphic) ,Zwitterion ,Ceramics and Composites ,Pyridinium ,business ,Single crystal - Abstract
We present relevant results dealing with the transparency/optical nonlinearity trade-off in high-frequency electro-optic applications. The very simple, stable and high optical gap chromophore, the zwitterion 1-methyl-4-(tetrazol-5-ate)pyridinium, represents the best transparency/optical nonlinearity trade-off so far described in the literature. We rationalize this remarkable performance in the framework of the Bond Length Alternation theory by means of a multidisciplinary approach including: single crystal X-ray structure, Electric Field Induced Second-Harmonic Generation, solvatochromism, electrochemistry and thermal analyses. © 2010 Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Published
- 2011
18. Organic Solar Cells: Polythiophene: Perylene Diimide Solar Cells - the Impact of Alkyl-Substitution on the Photovoltaic Performance (Adv. Energy Mater. 2/2011)
- Author
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Frédéric Laquai, Glauco Battagliarin, Klaus Müllen, Chen Li, Wojciech Pisula, Valentin Kamm, Alexey Mavrinskiy, and Ian A. Howard
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Organic solar cell ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Diimide ,Photovoltaic system ,Alkyl substitution ,Polythiophene ,General Materials Science ,Photochemistry ,Perylene ,Polymer solar cell - Published
- 2011
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