80 results on '"Giovanni Cavallo"'
Search Results
2. Microstratigraphic Research of Altered Medieval Painted Plaster Fragments from the St John Monastery in Müstair (Grison Canton, Switzerland)
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Anna Lazzarini, Giovanni Cavallo, and Patrick Cassitti
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Conservation - Published
- 2022
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3. Distribution of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions: systematic review and classification
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Letizia Nitro, Carlotta Pipolo, Gian Luca Fadda, Fabiana Allevi, Mario Borgione, Giovanni Cavallo, Giovanni Felisati, and Alberto Maria Saibene
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Cocaine-Related Disorders ,Cocaine ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Nose Diseases ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,General Medicine ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Purpose Intranasal cocaine is known to potentially lead to midline destructive lesions. The present systematic review was undertaken to systematically define the localization of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions and their prevalence and to propose a practical classification of these lesions. Methods A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed in multiple databases with criteria designed to include all studies published until March 2021 providing a precise definition of cocaine-induced midline lesions in humans. We selected all original studies except case reports. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for lesion localization, patients’ demographics, exposure to cocaine, and relationship with external nose destruction. Results Among 2593 unique citations, 17 studies were deemed eligible (127 patients). All studies were retrospective case series. The destructive process determined a septal perforation in 99.2% of patients. The distribution prevalence decreased from the inferior third of the sinonasal complex (nasal floor and inferolateral nasal wall, respectively, 59% and 29.9% of patients) to the middle third (middle turbinate and ethmoid, 22.8% of patients), and ultimately to neurocranial structures (7.9% of patients). Nasal deformities were inconsistently reported across reviewed studies. Cocaine use duration, frequency, and status were reported only occasionally. Conclusion Based on the distribution prevalence observed, we propose a four-grade destruction location-based classification. Future prospective studies following the evolution of cocaine-induced lesions are needed to validate our classification, its relationship with lesion evolution, and whether it represents a reliable tool for homogeneous research results reporting.
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- 2022
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4. First Evidence of Roman Mosaic Glass Tesserae in Tessin Canton, Southern Switzerland
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Giovanni Cavallo, Ilaria Verga, and Mariapia Riccardi
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- 2023
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5. Intimate Female Partner Homicide Suicide: demographic and psychopathology aspects of perpetrators and a potential not yet classified diagnostic entityAnalyses of data taken from newspapers in Italy from 2009 to 2019
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Giuseppe, Bersani, Raffaella, Rinaldi, Francesca, Pacitti, Alessio, Bonucci, Giovanni, Cavallo, Flora, Delli Carpini, Giulia, Riccobono, and Angela, Iannitelli
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Male ,Aggression ,Suicide ,Psychopathology ,Humans ,Female ,Homicide ,Personality Disorders - Abstract
The homicide of the female partner followed by suicide of the perpetrator (Intimate Female Partner Homicide Suicide - IFPHS) has been a growing phenomenon over last years, but its psychosocial and psychopathological aspects have not been analyzed in-depth yet.The aim of this study was to investigate common psychopathological elements in different IFPHS and a specific risk profile for both the couple and the male partner, with the possibility to define a new serial mental condition not classified to date.A series of 50 cases of greater media coverage was reconstructed from the Italian newspapers in the period from 2009 to 2019 and information was collected through a predefined form. The characteristics of the perpetrators and the modalities through which the events occurred have been considered.No definite mental disorder is present in the history of almost all cases. A more common psychological profile is found for the homicide/suicide male partner, mainly characterized by jealousy, possessiveness, mood reactivity, rage, and impulsiveness.It can be hypothesized that such a severe act may express a form of mental disorder not yet classified, with main features of an acute state of mixed depressive mood, emotional discontrol and aggressive impulsiveness, on a personality basis of jealousy and possessiveness, possibly reinforced by previous dependent traits of the female partner. But the methodological limitations of gathering information from the press make it necessary the study in depth, based on more direct and objective methodologies, of such a highly dramatic and heterogeneous phenomenon.
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- 2022
6. Type 1 Tympanoplasty Outcomes between Cartilage and Temporal Fascia Grafts: A Long-Term Retrospective Study
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Salvatore Ferlito, Gianluca Fadda, Jerome Rene Lechien, Giovanni Cammaroto, Ricardo Bartel, Andrea Borello, Giovanni Cavallo, Francesca Piccinini, Ignazio La Mantia, Salvatore Cocuzza, Federico Merlino, Andrea Achena, Cristina Brucale, Quentin Mat, Stéphane Gargula, Nicolas Fakhry, and Antonino Maniaci
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tympanoplasty ,myringoplasty ,graft ,perforation ,cartilage ,fascia ,General Medicine - Abstract
Background: To compare the functional and anatomical results of two different types of grafts in type 1 tympanoplasty (TPL I). Methods: A retrospective comparative bicentric study was conducted on patients treated with TPL I using temporal fascia or tragal cartilage. We evaluated the functional and anatomical results with intergroup and intragroup analyses. Variables predicting long-term success were also evaluated. Results: A total of 142 patients (98 fascia graft vs. 44 cartilage) were initially assessed, with a mean follow-up of 67.1 ± 3.2 months. No significant differences were observed between the two groups on the intergroup analysis of age, gender, ear side, or pre-operative hearing data (all p > 0.05). At the intragroup analysis of auditory outcomes, both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in post-operative air conduction, with greater gain for the fascia group at 6 months follow-up (p < 0.001 for both); however, at long-term follow-up, cartilage demonstrated better stability results (p < 0.001). When comparing the pre-and post-operative air-bone-gap (ABG), both groups showed a significant gain (p < 0.001); the fascia group showed that at 6 months, a greater ABG increase was found, but the difference was not statistically significant (4.9 ± 0.9 dB vs. 5.3 ± 1.2 dB; p = 0.04). On the contrary, the cartilage group at long-term follow-up at 5 years maintained greater outcomes (10 ± 1.6 dB vs. 6.4 ± 2 dB; p < 0.001). Lower age (F = 4.591; p = 0.036) and higher size of perforation (F = 4.820; p = 0.030) were predictors of long-term functional success. Conclusions: The graft material selection should consider several factors influencing the surgical outcome. At long-term follow-up, the use of a cartilage graft could result in more stable audiological outcomes, especially in younger patients or in case of wider perforations.
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- 2022
7. Treating Smalt: A Preliminary SEM-EDX Study of the Effects of Aqueous-based Alkaline Conservation Treatments on Smalt in Wall Paintings
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Giovanni Cavallo, Maria Pia Riccardi, Elisabeth Manship, and Jacopo Gilardi
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Painting ,Aqueous solution ,060102 archaeology ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ,The Renaissance ,06 humanities and the arts ,Conservation ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Barium hydroxide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0601 history and archaeology ,Nuclear chemistry ,Conservation treatment - Abstract
Smalt is a blue cobalt-coloured glass pigment used in European wall paintings from the early Renaissance period that became a popular choice for artists due to its unique tone, availability, and ve...
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- 2021
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8. A Rare Case of Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Maxillary Sinus
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Federico Itri, Francesca Testi, Andrea Manca, Paolo Nicoli, Gian Luca Fadda, Angelo Guerrasio, Giovanni Cavallo, and Giuseppe Moratti
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Maxillary sinus ,business.industry ,Rare entity ,Malignant disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Paranasal sinuses ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Rare case ,medicine ,Hodgkin lymphoma ,Radiology ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,business ,Lymph node - Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B-cell malignant disease. It usually presents with mediastinal and/or laterocervical lymph node localization, while primary extranodal HL is a rare entity giving rise to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. It rarely presents as just extranodal localization, so its presence within the maxillary sinus without any lymphadenopathy is exceptional. Given the rarity of this localization, there is no standard treatment for maxillary sinus HL. We present a case of a patient with extranodal HL of the right maxillary sinus treated with primary surgery followed by adjuvant sequential chemoradiation therapy.
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- 2021
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9. Risky anatomical variations of sphenoid sinus and surrounding structures in endoscopic sinus surgery
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Gian Luca Fadda, Alessio Petrelli, Anastasia Urbanelli, Paolo Castelnuovo, Maurizio Bignami, Erika Crosetti, Giovanni Succo, and Giovanni Cavallo
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Sphenoid Sinus ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Sphenoid Bone ,Humans ,Endoscopy ,Optic Nerve ,Neurology (clinical) ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,General Dentistry - Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine the relationship between the sphenoid sinus (SS) and surrounding vital structures such as the internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic nerve canal (ONC) as well as the types of attachment of the sphenoidal septa onto these structures. Methods In total, 230 computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed to study the type of sphenoid sinus pneumatization (SSP), the protrusion and dehiscence of the ICA and ONC, the relationship between the sphenoidal septa and surrounding vital structures as well as pterygoid recess pneumatization (PRP). Results The most common SSP was sellar type (58.7%). The rates of protrusion and dehiscence of the ICA were 26.3 and 0.4%, and for the ONC, they were 13 and 1.5%, respectively. The ICA and ONC were most protruded and dehiscent in more extensive SSP. In 21.6% of patients, the intersphenoidal septa (IS) were attached to the wall of the ICA and in 8.6% they were attached to the wall of the ONC. The attachment of IS to the ICA correlated statistically significantly (p Conclusion To reduce the risk of injury and complications during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), surgeons should consider using CT to identify possible bulging and dehiscence of the ICA/ONC and their relationship to the extent of SSP and also to establish the presence of deviation of the sphenoid septum, and the presence of accessory septa.
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- 2022
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10. Diagnostic Criteria for Odontogenic Sinusitis: A Systematic Review
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Gian Luca Fadda, Fabiana Allevi, Federica Martino, Cecilia Rosso, Giovanni Felisati, Carlotta Pipolo, Alberto Maria Saibene, and Giovanni Cavallo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cone beam computed tomography ,dental disease ,Maxillary sinus ,Computed tomography ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,paranasal sinus ,dental implants ,Paranasal Sinuses ,Oral and maxillofacial pathology ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,guidelines ,computed tomography ,cone beam computed tomography ,endoscopy ,maxillary sinus ,rhinosinusitis grafting maxillary sinus ,Endoscopy ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Retrospective Studies ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Maxillary Sinusitis ,Sinusitis ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Tomography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,030206 dentistry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,X-Ray Computed ,Odontogenic ,Sinus Infections ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Background Odontogenic sinusitis affects a significant proportion of patients with paranasal sinus infections. Nevertheless, no shared diagnostic criteria for this condition have yet been implemented and published studies differ in their definition of the disease. Objective The present systematic review of the literature was undertaken to characterize and analyze the different diagnostic criteria currently employed for odontogenic sinusitis. Methods Systematic searches for studies published between 2009 and 2019 were performed in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Search criteria were designed to identify all studies focusing, even partially, on odontogenic sinusitis. Human original studies except single case reports published in the English, French, German, Spanish, or Italian language were included. We removed duplicate abstracts and conducted full-text reads, data extraction, and quality assessment procedures (using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine levels of evidence and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tools). We reviewed articles for diagnostic criteria, both in terms of definition and etiology identification. Results Among 1,000 unique citations, 63 studies were deemed eligible. Most articles (n = 45) were retrospective case series; a single randomized clinical trial was available. Only 49 studies reported diagnostic criteria, yet relied marginally on published guidelines (n = 10 articles) for identifying sinusitis, often choosing instead to develop their own clinical (n = 15 articles), endoscopic (n = 12 articles), and/or radiologic (n = 30 articles) criteria. For odontogenic focus identification, 14 papers required a multidisciplinary evaluation, 11 papers required a time relationship between dental procedures and sinusitis, 24 papers required oroscopy and/or dental evaluation, and 53 papers required computed tomography. Conclusions Current diagnostic criteria for odontogenic sinusitis are extremely heterogeneous. Establishing shared diagnostic criteria aimed at defining both sinusitis and related odontogenic foci would spur collaboration between investigators and support more comprehensive outcomes evaluations together with a better understanding of treatment options.
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- 2020
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11. Characterization and sources of Paleolithic–Mesolithic ochre from Coves de Santa Maira (Valencian Region, Spain)
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Giovanni Cavallo, Sonia Murcia-Mascarós, J. Emili Aura Tortosa, Clodoaldo Roldán, Agustín Pastor, and Gianni Gallello
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Archeology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,language ,Cove ,Archaeology ,Valencian ,language.human_language ,Mesolithic - Published
- 2020
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12. Oligo-Miocene sea-level variations of a karstic coastal system in the Venetian Prealps (Torricelle di Verona, NE Italy): new data
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Michele Sommaruga, Giovanni Cavallo, Fabio Tottola, Aldo Parlato, and Roberto Zorzin
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geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Geology ,Late Miocene ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Direct communication ,Karst ,01 natural sciences ,Natural (archaeology) ,Paleontology ,Cave ,YELLOW OCHRE ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Cenozoic ,Sea level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
One of the most important European palaeokarstic complexes lies on the southern edge of the Lessini Veronesi Mountains and in particular in the locality of Torricelle di Verona (Veneto region, NE Italy). This 20 kilometre-long network of ancient karstic caves has only recently been made accessible thanks to the exploitation and use of the sediments sealing it, known as coloring earths (yellow and red). It is an intricate system of dendritic natural tunnels that were hydrologically active in the late Miocene and located near the coastline or in direct communication with the sea. Currently few cavities are accessible. The analysis and comparison of the topographic and geomorphic data of the palaeokarstic cavities of the Torricelle allowed the reconstruction of the coastline of the ancient sea of Tethys just before its disappearance.
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- 2020
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13. Treatment of Sinusitis Following Dental Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Fabiana Allevi, Gian Luca Fadda, Cecilia Rosso, Federica Martino, Carlotta Pipolo, Giovanni Cavallo, Giovanni Felisati, and Alberto Maria Saibene
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Otorhinolaryngology ,Immunology and Allergy ,General Medicine - Abstract
Background Implantological procedures aimed at rehabilitating upper jaw edentulous patients (dental implant placement and/or maxillary sinus grafting) can sporadically result in sinusitis. In these patients, endoscopic sinus surgery is the most commonly employed treatment, but clinical scenarios and comprehensive management strategies are extremely heterogeneous across studies. Objective We sought to systematically define treatment strategies and related success rates for sinusitis following dental implantation, detailing different current treatment choices and concepts. Methods Adopting a PRISMA–compliant review framework, systematic searches were performed in multiple databases using criteria designed to include all studies published until November 2020 focusing on the treatment of human sinusitis following dental implantation. We selected all original studies, excluding case reports, specifying treatment modalities with objective treatment success definitions. Following duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for treatment modalities and success rates, which were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results Among 581 unique citations, eight studies (181 patients) were selected. Seven studies were retrospective case series. All studies relied on endoscopic sinus surgery, often coupled with intraoral accesses, and assessed therapeutic success endoscopically. The pooled treatment success rate was 94.7% (95% confidence interval, 91.5%–98%). Failures were treated in seven of 15 cases with further antibiotic therapies and in another seven cases with surgical revision. A single patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusions Endoscopic sinus surgery appears to be the most frequent treatment of choice for sinusitis following dental implantation, with excellent success rates. The protean clinical picture drawn from the selected studies calls for the standardization of diagnostics and definitions in this field to enable direct comparisons between the results of different studies. The role of postoperative antibiotic therapies, which have been employed unevenly across studies, should also be prospectively investigated.
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- 2022
14. Glass-based pigments in painting: smalt blue and lead–tin yellow type II
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Maria Pia Riccardi and Giovanni Cavallo
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Archeology ,Painting ,Anthropology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Metallurgy ,Context (language use) ,Art ,media_common - Abstract
Glass-based pigments have an important role in the panorama of artistic production due to the fact that their manufacturing processes involve a combination of different skills and understanding, and they have a role in disciplines ranging from glass technology to metallurgy, from glazed ceramic to stone imitation and from vitreous mosaic tesserae to painting materials. The main goal of this manuscript is to present a critical review of the literature relating to blue smalt and “yellow glass” (lead–tin yellow type II) pigments: presenting their historical background, the analytical protocol, the processes of alteration and decay and finally tracing issues. Several case studies analyzed by the authors will be presented. Particular attention was devoted to the correlation between micro-textural features and decay processes affecting the studied pigments, though the widespread heterogeneity of the analyzed materials and the variability of the artistic techniques in which the pigments were used as well as the effect of the relevant (micro-)environmental conditions dictate a cautious approach. These studies are presented in the context of information about the chain of production, the selection of the raw materials and relevant provenance studies.
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- 2021
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15. Gypsum in Ticinese stucco artworks of the 16–17th century: Use, characterization, provenance and induced decay phenomena
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Giovanni Nicoli, Marta Caroselli, Alberto Felici, Stefania Luppichini, Giacinta Jean, Lucia Aliverti, and Giovanni Cavallo
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Archeology ,Brick ,Provenance ,Aggregate (composite) ,Gypsum ,010401 analytical chemistry ,engineering.material ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,Mining engineering ,engineering ,Stucco ,Mortar ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime - Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of gypsum as a binder in stucco artworks made between the 16th and 17th centuries in canton Ticino (Switzerland). As far as the artistic technique is concerned, a stucco statue is made of composite materials: metal, brick or wood for the supporting structure, lime and/or gypsum mortar with aggregate for the ground and finishing layers. The gypsum addition to the lime binder, found mainly in the ground layer, helps accelerate the setting of the three-dimensional stucco elements and prevents cracks from shrinkage, but a real understanding of the technology of its preparation, as well as the proportion of the mix for the stucco production, has yet to be established. The samples of stucco (167) taken from artworks in the region were analysed in stratigraphy, identifying their chemical and mineralogical composition. The results from these investigations were compared with the information provided by the historical sources and archival documents recording the artistic technique. Results showed that the quantity of gypsum varies greatly depending on the requirements of the stucco masters and that it was a fundamental addition to attain the effects desired by the different artists.
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- 2019
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16. Treatment of Paranasal Sinus Fungus Ball: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Giovanni Felisati, Gian Luca Fadda, Carlotta Pipolo, Fabiana Allevi, Federica Martino, Cecilia Rosso, Alberto Maria Saibene, and Giovanni Cavallo
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Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Maxillary sinus ,Computed tomography ,antibiotics ,Perioperative Care ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Paranasal Sinus Diseases ,Medicine ,Humans ,endoscopy ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Surgical treatment ,Mycosis ,Sinus (anatomy) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,mycosis ,computed tomography ,General Medicine ,Maxillary Sinus ,medicine.disease ,Endoscopy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Treatment Outcome ,Otorhinolaryngology ,maxillary sinus ,Mycoses ,Meta-analysis ,Radiology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objectives: Paranasal sinus fungus ball is a common non-invasive mycosis with excellent long-term surgical treatment results. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to define current treatment concepts and success rates in paranasal sinus fungus ball treatment. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in multiple databases with criteria designed to include all studies published until May 2020 focusing on paranasal sinuses fungus ball treatment in humans. We selected studies including at least 10 patients, specifying treatment modalities, providing a minimum 6-month follow-up, and objectivating treatment success. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for treatment modalities and success rates. Success rates were pooled in a random effect meta-analysis and compared according to the use of intraoperative sinus lavages and postoperative antibiotics. Results: Among 740 unique citations, 14 studies were deemed eligible. Most (n = 11) were retrospective case series. All studies relied on endoscopic sinus surgery. Intraoperative lavages were proposed in 10 studies and postoperative antibiotics in 7 (for all patients in 5 studies and for selected patients in 2). No significant heterogeneity was observed between results (Cochran’s Q P = .639, I2 test = 0). Treatment success rate was 98.4% (95% confidence interval 97.4%-99.3%). Intraoperative sinus toilette and postoperative antibiotics didn’t significantly improve the success rate. Conclusion: Endoscopic sinus surgery shows excellent results in fungus ball treatment. Further prospective studies might help further reducing antibiotics prescriptions in these patients and improve their management.
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- 2021
17. Definition and management of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis: a single-centre retrospective study
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Giovanni Succo, Gian Luca Fadda, Federica Martino, Giacomo Andreani, Stefano Di Girolamo, Maurizio Catalani, and Giovanni Cavallo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,rinosinusite fungina invasiva ,Aspergillus ,Mucormycosis ,invasive fungal rhinosinusitis ,isavuconazole ,liposomal amphotericin B ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Settore MED/31 ,medicine ,Humans ,Isavuconazolo ,Sinusitis ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Retrospective Studies ,Rhinitis ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,amfotericina B liposomiale ,Fungi ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Retrospective cohort study ,Rhinology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Fungal sinusitis ,General Energy ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Mycoses ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Radiological weapon ,Aspergillus Mucormycosis ,Etiology ,business - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to correlate acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) and chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis with underlying diseases, aetiological microorganisms, clinical symptoms, radiological findings, and surgical and medical treatment to determine the subset of patients who require more accurate diagnostic investigation and to prevent irreversible complications.This retrospective monocentric study included 17 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery evaluated by paranasal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Age, sex and symptoms, and location of the invasive fungal infection and the causative fungus were analysed.In total, 4 patients were affected by the AIFRS form, and 13 by the chronic form. Diabetes mellitus was reported in 41.17% of cases, and haematological diseases in 23.52%. The maxillary sinuses were involved in 47.05% of cases and sphenoidal sinuses in 52.94%; Aspergillus fumigatus was the fungus in 76.47% of cases, and Zygomycetes in 23.53%.An understanding of the different types of fungal sinusitis and knowledge of their features play a crucial role in reaching prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapy, which is essential to avoid a protracted or fatal outcome.Definizione e gestione della rinosinusite fungina invasiva: uno studio retrospettivo monocentrico.Nonostante i progressi in termini di trattamento, la mortalità nei casi di rinosinusite fungina invasiva rimane elevata, pertanto, scopo dello studio è stato correlare le forme acute invasive e quelle croniche con patologie concomitanti, agenti eziologici, i sintomi clinici, radiologia e trattamento, al fine di identificare e trattare i pazienti con prognosi peggiore.Il seguente studio retrospettivo monocentrico ha incluso 17 pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia endoscopica sinusale, valutati mediante TC e RM e analizzati per età, sesso, sintomi, sede dell’infezione fungina invasiva e microrganismi eziologici.4 pazienti sono risultati affetti dalla forma invasiva acuta,13 pazienti dalla forma cronica. Il diabete mellito è stato riscontrato nel 41,17% dei casi, malattie ematologiche nel 23,52%. I seni mascellari sono risultati coinvolti nel 47,05% dei pazienti e seni sfenoidali nel 52,94%; Aspergillus ha provocato il 76,47% dei casi, Zigomiceti il 23,53%.Un’adeguata comprensione dei diversi tipi di sinusite fungina e la conoscenza delle loro caratteristiche svolgono un ruolo cruciale ai fini di una diagnosi precoce e l’avvio di una terapia appropriata con lo scopo di ridurne la mortalità.
- Published
- 2020
18. Preliminary non-invasive study of Carolingian pigments in the churches of St. John at Müstair and St. Benedict at Malles
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Luca Villa, Patrick Cassitti, Giovanni Cavallo, Rufino Emmenegger, Roland Lenz, Annette T. Keller, Maurizio Aceto, and Stefan Wörz
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Archeology ,Painting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fluorescence spectrometry ,Mural ,Art ,engineering.material ,Ancient history ,Pigment ,Egyptian blue ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Palette (painting) ,chemistry ,Anthropology ,Early modern period ,visual_art ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Lapis lazuli ,media_common - Abstract
The monastery church of Mustair (Val Mustair, Switzerland) and the church of St. Benedict in Malles (Obervinschgau, Italy) contain painting cycles dating to the late eighth/early ninth century which are considered among the best preserved in Europe. Located inside a region of strategic importance at least since Roman times, during the medieval era both areas formed part of the diocese of Chur and were politically and culturally closely linked; the present border, in fact, developed in the course of the early modern period. The two painting cycles have been studied with a non-invasive approach using spectral multiband imaging, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry with fiber optics (FORS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The combined application of these techniques gave important insights into the painting techniques used in the two cycles. Clear similarities in the palette of pigments appeared; the colour palette included mainly materials typically used in medieval mural paintings, such as red and yellow ochres, carbon black, Bianco di San Giovanni and green earth, but lead pigments, such as red lead and massicot, which are less suited for use on plaster surfaces, were used as well. Of particular interest is the use of Egyptian blue and ultramarine blue that makes these paintings among the first in which the precious lapis lazuli pigment had been used in Europe. The occurrence of Egyptian blue and ultramarine blue puts the paintings closer to the ancient Roman than to the Romanesque tradition. A surprising result was the identification of As, which might indicate the use of orpiment for the creation of the wall paintings.
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- 2020
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19. X-ray powder diffraction of mineral pigments and medicines from the 17th century pharmacy (Spezieria) Santa Maria della Scala in Rome, Italy
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María Pascual and Giovanni Cavallo
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Radiation ,Mineral ,media_common.quotation_subject ,02 engineering and technology ,Art ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Mineralogical composition ,Archaeology ,0104 chemical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Inorganic materials ,0210 nano-technology ,Instrumentation ,Powder diffraction ,media_common - Abstract
The pharmacy (spezieria) Santa Maria della Scala was founded in Rome by the Discalced Carmelites Order in the 17th century, and during the 18th and 19th centuries it became the official supplier of medicines for Vatican Popes. The laboratory and the cases of this spezieria still preserve glass jars with organic and inorganic materials, which were presumably used for medicine and artistic material preparation, whose composition is unknown to date. A research project was initiated with the aim to study the stored materials and the role that the pharmacy played in regional, national and international contexts. In this manuscript, the compounds were analysed through X-ray powder diffraction with the scope to derive the quantitative mineralogical composition of the inorganic fraction, their possible use in pharmacopoeias and as mineral pigments. Most of the analysed samples are salts (sulphates, chlorides, carbonates, phosphates, borates, sulphides), sulphates being the predominant class; oxides were also detected.
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- 2018
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20. Heat Treatment of Mineral Pigment During the Upper Palaeolithic in North-East Italy
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Federica Gonzato, Roberto Zorzin, Giovanni Cavallo, Maria Pia Riccardi, Federica Fontana, Stefano Gialanella, and Marco Peresani
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010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,History ,Mineral ,Goethite ,060102 archaeology ,Geochemistry ,06 humanities and the arts ,North east ,01 natural sciences ,Pigment ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0601 history and archaeology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2018
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21. On the measurement uncertainties of THz imaging systems based on compressive sampling
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Leopoldo Angrisani, Giovanni Cavallo, Annalisa Liccardo, Rosario Schiano Lo Moriello, Francesco Bonavolonta, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Bonavolontà, Francesco, Cavallo, Giovanni, Liccardo, Annalisa, and Schiano Lo Moriello, Rosario
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Compressive sampling ,Experimental assessment ,Terahertz radiation ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,Design of experiments ,Uncertainty analysi ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,Reduction (complexity) ,Quality (physics) ,Compressed sensing ,THz imaging ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,non-invasive test ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Raster scan ,Instrumentation ,Uncertainty analysis - Abstract
The paper deals with the experimental performance assessment of Compressive Sampling (CS) based Terahertz (THz) Imaging systems, an emerging approach for carrying out non-destructive tests of materials with the aim of detecting defects and flaws. Differently from traditional methods based on raster scan, CS approach allows to reconstruct the image of interest through a reduced number of measurements, with a notable reduction of the time of investigation. Although both simulated and experimental results concerning the performance assessment of THz Imaging technique are available in literature, the additional uncertainty due to the application of CS approach has never been in-depth taken into account, since the step of CS processing has been considered as ideal. Due to the success of CS-based Imaging THz technique and the promising performance of its exploitation also in industrial applications, the considered assumption is no more acceptable. Therefore, the authors focused their attention on the uncertainty sources associated with the experimental application of CS to THz Imaging systems and on their impact on the overall quality of the reconstructed image. Several numerical tests, conducted by means of an optimized design of experiments, allow to (i) assess the sensitivity to relevant uncertainty sources of the reconstructed image quality and (ii) define a suitable performance factor capable of driving experimenters towards a proper configuration of the measurement station. In particular, misalignment of the CS masks turns out to be the most impacting uncertainty source, as confirmed by experimental tests carried out through an actual THz Imaging system. Nevertheless, the performance factor estimated on the reconstructed image of a reference target is capable of highlighting the presence of an incorrect configured Imaging system, thus making it possible to remedy and provide accurate and reliable THz images.
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- 2018
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22. Microscopic Analysis of Wall Painting Techniques: Laboratory Replicas and Romanesque Case Studies in Southern Switzerland
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Giovanni Cavallo, Lucia Regazzoni, Danilo Biondelli, and Jacopo Gilardi
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Painting ,060102 archaeology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Art history ,06 humanities and the arts ,Conservation ,Art ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Heritage studies ,0601 history and archaeology ,Identification (biology) ,media_common - Abstract
The identification of painting techniques is an important aspect of any research related to historical, artistic, and conservation issues in the field of wall paintings conservation. There are a va...
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- 2018
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23. Textural, microstructural, and compositional characteristics of Fe-based geomaterials and Upper Paleolithic ocher in the Lessini Mountains, Northeast Italy: Implications for provenance studies
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Roberto Zorzin, Federica Gonzato, Maria Pia Riccardi, Giovanni Cavallo, Marco Peresani, and Federica Fontana
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010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,geography ,Provenance ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,060102 archaeology ,Socio-culturale ,Lessini Mountains ,06 humanities and the arts ,PLM ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Archaeological ocher, Palaeolithic, Lessini Mountains, PLM, SEM/EDS ,Prehistory ,Cave ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Upper Paleolithic ,0601 history and archaeology ,Fe based ,Archaeological ocher ,SEM/EDS ,Geology ,Palaeolithic ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Provenance research of archaeological ocher contributes to understanding the capabilities of prehistoric humans to select, process, and treat suitable raw materials for symbolic and utilitarian purposes. The western part of the Lessini Mountains in the Veneto region of northeast Italy is an ideal location for this type of study as it features several different Fe-rich deposits, and many examples of archaeological ocher have been found in the nearby Fumane Cave and Tagliente Rockshelter Upper Paleolithic sites. Sourcing areas are often identified through the use of geochemical studies; however, microscopic techniques can also be used with the benefit of providing more detailed information about accessory minerals and textural characteristics of the material. One of the goals of our study was to demonstrate the potential in using polarizing light microscopy supported by scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer in research of this type. We studied geological source samples and archaeological materials from the sites, the results of which are very promising in terms of shedding light on the sourcing of prehistoric ocher in this region.
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- 2017
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24. Experimental analysis on natural heated goethite from ponte di Veja (Mt Lessini, NE Italy)
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Roberto Zorzin, Giovanni Cavallo, Stefano Gialanella, and Gloria Ischia
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010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,geography ,Goethite ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Materials science ,060102 archaeology ,Mineralogy ,06 humanities and the arts ,Hematite ,01 natural sciences ,Natural (archaeology) ,Cave ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0601 history and archaeology ,Quartz ,Powder diffraction ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The use of fire technology for transforming yellow goethite into red hematite was common, intentional and consolidated practice in Prehistoric settlements. Mineralogical structural analyses using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been successfully employed for studying artificial hematite and for the estimation of the relevant transformation temperatures. Thermal treatments, over a temperature range of 250 up to 1000 °C, have been carried out on natural goethite (associated with quartz) collected from the palaeokarst caves at Ponte di Veja in North-Eastern Italy (Western sector of the Lessini Mountains) with the scope to compare the effects of heat treatment on natural goethite with synthetic goethite. This site provided extensively Fe-rich raw materials to the Upper Palaeolithic site Tagliente rockshelter. The mineralogical analysis demonstrated that selective broadening of some diffraction peaks occurs during the transformation for temperatures between 250 and 800 °C, confirmed by TEM analyses, in accordance with experiments executed on synthetic goethite samples.
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- 2021
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25. Natural yellow and red Fe-based geomaterials from the Lessini mountains in Veneto, Italy: A review
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Roberto Zorzin, Maria Pia Riccardi, and Giovanni Cavallo
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General Chemical Engineering ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Geochemistry ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,General Chemistry ,Fe based ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Psychology ,01 natural sciences ,Natural (archaeology) ,0104 chemical sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2016
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26. Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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Antonio Ponzetto, Natale Figura, and Giovanni Cavallo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Helicobacter pylori ,business.industry ,Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ,MEDLINE ,Hearing Loss, Sudden ,Audiology ,Helicobacter Infections ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Sudden sensorineural hearing loss ,Humans ,Medicine ,Surgery ,business - Published
- 2020
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27. Compositions for treating Helicobacter pylori infection
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Santucci, Annalisa, Figura, Natale, Adriano, Spreafico, Giovanni, Cavallo, Roberto Filippo Marcolongo, and Marcolongo, Paola
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- 2018
28. Experimental performance assessment of compressive sampling-based THz imaging systems
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Annalisa Liccardo, Giovanni Cavallo, Rosario Schiano Lo Moriello, Leopoldo Angrisani, Francesco Bonavolonta, Gian Paolo Papari, Antonello Andreone, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Bonavolonta, Francesco, Cavallo, Giovanni, Liccardo, Annalisa, Schiano Lo Moriello, Rosario, Andreone, Antonello, and Papari, Gianpaolo
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Engineering ,Signal processing ,Compressive sampling ,Experimental assessment ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Noninvasive test ,02 engineering and technology ,Iterative reconstruction ,01 natural sciences ,Metrology ,Characterization (materials science) ,010309 optics ,Compressed sensing ,THz imaging ,Signal Processing ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Instrumentation (computer programming) ,business ,Raster scan ,Focus (optics) ,Instrumentation - Abstract
The paper aims at experimentally assessing the metrological performance of a compressive sampling (CS)-based terahertz (THz) imaging system, an emerging technology for carrying out non-destructive tests of materials in order to detect defects and flaws. Differently from systems based on traditional raster scan, the exploitation of CS allows, in fact, obtaining images of interest in a reduced observation interval to the detriment of accuracy. In literature, several studies have faced the topic at hand showing results obtained in simulated and real conditions. On the same way, the authors have decided to focus their attention on the experimental investigation of the impact of some uncertainty sources on the final image reconstruction realizing a metrological characterization that could be used in different fields as for example aerospace. It is so possible to provide a preliminary roadmap capable of driving experimenters in the definition of the main features of the measurement setup to achieve a defined goal in term of reconstruction quality.
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- 2017
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29. Is Sudden Sensori-neural Hearing Loss an Additional Extra Digestive Disease Associated with HP Infection?
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Antonio Ponzetto, Giovanni Cavallo, Natale Figura, Brunilda Alushi, and Elena Moretti
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biology ,Hearing loss ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Stomach ,Autoantibody ,Helicobacter pylori ,biology.organism_classification ,Proton pump ,Cytokine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Helicobacter ,Antibody ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background: Sudden Sensori-neural Hearing Loss (SSHL) is an abrupt failure of the cochlear function of unknown etiology. Possible causes include chronic infections leading to increased systemic levels of cytokines, which could damage the cochlear pumps H+, K+- and Na+, K+- ATPases. Helicobacter pylori infection stimulates systemic cytokine production. Proton pumps in cochlea and stomach are almost identical. Methods: We examined 18 consecutive SSHL patients, 18 matched controls for serum antibodies to Helicobacter pylori, and to the H+, K+-ATPase, and “blasted” the human proton pump against Helicobacter epitopes in the protein database at NCBI. Results: Seventeen SSHL patients (94.4%) and ten controls (55.5%) were Helicobacter pylori positive (P=0.008, OR=13.6). Anti-H+, K+-ATPase autoantibodies were present in six SSHL patients (33.3%) and one control (5.5%) (P=0.043, OR=8.5). Significant homologies were found between human proton pump and various bacterial ionic pumps. Notably, up to one fourth of Helicobacter pylori infected patients produce autoantibodies to the gastric proton pump, i.e., H+, K+- ATPase. Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection may be related to an increased risk of SSHL.
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- 2017
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30. Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Isavuconazole Therapeutic Drug Monitoring during Intestinal Graft versus Host Disease
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Giacomo Andreani, Valentina Monticone, Daniela Cilloni, Gian Luca Fadda, Antonio D'Avolio, Marco De Gobbi, Alessandro Morotti, Angelo Guerrasio, Dario Gned, Anna Maria Barbui, Giovanni Cavallo, and Matteo Dragani
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030106 microbiology ,Liposomal amphotericin B ,Case Report ,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ,Therapeutic drug monitoring ,Gastroenterology ,Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, Isavuconazole, Liposomal amphotericin B, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Deferasirox ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Medicine ,Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Deferasirox ,Isavuconazole ,Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,lcsh:RC633-647.5 ,business.industry ,Mucormycosis ,lcsh:Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,Hematology ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Intestinal Graft Versus Host Disease ,business ,Intestinal GVHD ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A diagnosis of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis was made in a 59-year-old man with a secondary acute myeloid leukemia a few days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Prompt treatment with combined antifungal therapy (liposomal amphotericin B and isavuconazole) followed by a procedure of endoscopic sinus surgery resulted in the resolution of the infection. Therapeutic drug monitoring of isavuconazole was performed during the year of treatment showing an increment of plasma concentrations in correspondence with the improvement of intestinal GvHD, thus suggesting that in this or similar conditions TDM for isavuconazole can be of value. A literature review of cases of rhino-orbital-cerebral and rhino-cerebral mucormycosis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients was performed.
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- 2019
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31. Protective effects of polydeoxyribonucleotides on cartilage degradation in experimental cultures
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Luisa Gennero, Vercelli Carlo, Silvia Mioletti, Antonio Melcarne, Enrico De Vivo, Rocco De Siena, Andrea Vercelli, Gian Franco Calisti, Carola Juenemann, Enrico Parino, Alessandro Longo, Giovanni Cavallo, Stefano Amedeo, Tetyana Denysenko, and Manuela Gessica Montanaro
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Chemistry ,Cartilage ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Type II collagen ,Connective tissue ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Osteoarthritis ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Cell biology ,Glycosaminoglycan ,Extracellular matrix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,medicine ,Aggrecan - Abstract
The capacity of cartilage self-regeneration is considered to be limited. Joint injuries often evolve in the development of chronic wounds on the cartilage surface. Such lesions are associated with articular cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis. Re-establishing a correct micro/macro-environment into damaged joints could stop or prevent the degenerative processes. This study investigated the effect of polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) on cartilage degradation in vitro and on cartilage extracted cells. The activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 were measured in PDRN-treated cells and in controls at days 0 and 30 of culture. Human nasal cartilage explants were cultured, and the degree of proteoglycan degradation was assessed by measuring the amount of glycosaminoglycans released into the culture medium. The PDRN properties compared with controls were tested on cartilage tissues to evaluate deposition of extracellular matrix. Chondrocytes treated with PDRNs showed a physiological deposition of extracellular matrix (aggrecan and type II collagen: Western blot, IFA, fluorescence activated cell sorting, Alcian blue and safranin O staining). PDRNs were able to inhibit proteoglycan degradation in cartilage explants. The activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 were reduced in all PDRN-treated samples. Our results indicate that PDRNs are suitable for a long-term cultivation of in vitro cartilage and have therapeutic effects on chondrocytes by protecting cartilage.
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- 2012
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32. A novel composition for in vitro and in vivo regeneration of skin and connective tissues
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Gian Franco Calisti, M. Panzone, Stefano Reguzzi, Elia Ricci, Giovanni Cavallo, Tetyana Denysenko, Maria Augusta Roos, Gianpiero Pescarmona, Manuela Martano, Rocco De Siena, Andrea Vercelli, Simona Fiobellot, Luisa Gabetti, and Luisa Gennero
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Regeneration (biology) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Proteolytic enzymes ,Connective tissue ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Cytokeratin ,Tissue culture ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In vivo ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Wound healing - Abstract
The particular combination of polydeoxyribonucleotides, l-carnitine, calcium ions, proteolytic enzyme and other ingredients acts in a synergetic way in the regeneration of skin and connective tissues. This new formulation of active principles was tested in vitro as a cell and tissue culture medium and in vivo for various preparations in support of tissue regeneration. In vitro, the new blend allowed the maintenance of skin biopsies for more than 1 year in eutrophic conditions. Immunocytochemical analyses of fibroblasts isolated from these biopsies confirmed a significant increase of the epidermal and connective wound-healing markers such as collagen type I, collagen type IV, cytokeratin 1 (CK1), CK5, CK10 and CK14 versus controls. To examine the effects of the new compound in vivo, we studied impaired wound healing in genetically diabetic db/db mice. At day 18, diabetic mice treated with the new composition showed 100% closure of wounds and faster healing than mice treated with the other solutions. This complex of vital continuity factors or life-keeping factors could be used as a tissue-preserving solution or a cosmetic/drug/medical device to accelerate wound healing in the treatment of patients with deficient wound repair to promote the regeneration of cutaneous and connective tissues (injuries-wound, dermatitis) and prevent the recurrent relapses.
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- 2011
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33. Glioblastoma cancer stem cells: heterogeneity, microenvironment and related therapeutic strategies
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Tetyana Denysenko, Stefano Reguzzi, Giovanni Cavallo, Gianpiero Pescarmona, Luisa Gennero, Antonio Melcarne, Carola Juenemann, Antonio Ponzetto, Maria Augusta Roos, Isabella Morra, and Giuliano Faccani
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Cell type ,cancer stem cells (CSCs) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,stem cells ,glioblastoma ,glioma heterogeneity ,CSCs niche ,microenvironment ,Immune system ,Antigen ,Antigens, CD ,Cancer stem cell ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm ,AC133 Antigen ,Glycoproteins ,Cancer ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Neural stem cell ,Cell biology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Neoplastic Stem Cells ,Cancer research ,Stem cell ,Peptides - Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an incurable malignancy. GBM patients have a short life expectancy despite aggressive therapeutic approaches based on surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy. Glioblastoma growth is characterized by a high motility of tumour cells, their resistance to both chemo/radio-therapy, apoptosis inhibition leading to failure of conventional therapy. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), identified in GBM as well as in many other cancer types, express the membrane antigen prominin-1 (namely CD133). These cells and normal Neural Stem Cells (NSC) share surface markers and properties, i.e. are able to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types. Stem cell self-renewal depends on microenvironmental cues, including Extracellular Matrix (ECM) composition and cell types. Therefore, the role of microenvironment needs to be evaluated to clarify its importance in tumour initiation and progression through CSCs. The specific microenvironment of CSCs was found to mimic in part the vascular niche of normal stem cells. The targeting of GMB CSCs may represent a powerful treatment approach. Lastly, in GBM patients cancer-initiating cells contribute to the profound immune suppression that in turn correlated with CSCs STAT3 (CD133 + ). Further studies of microenvironment are needed to better understand the origin of GMB/GBM CSCs and its immunosuppressive properties.
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- 2010
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34. Evaluation of antioxiodant drugs for the treatment of ochronotic alkaptonuria in an in vitro human cell model
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Giulia Bernardini, Roberto Marcolongo, Giovanni Cavallo, Laura Tinti, Federico Chellini, Enrico Selvi, Daniela Braconi, Adriano Spreafico, Lia Millucci, James A. Gallagher, Mauro Galeazzi, and Annalisa Santucci
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Cartilage, Articular ,Cell Survival ,Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Apoptosis ,Ascorbic Acid ,Pharmacology ,Alkaptonuria ,Antioxidants ,Chondrocyte ,Protein Carbonylation ,Acetylcysteine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chondrocytes ,medicine ,Humans ,Homogentisic acid ,Homogentisic Acid ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation ,Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase ,Homogentisate 1,2-Dioxygenase ,Ochronosis ,Cell Biology ,Ascorbic acid ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, associated with deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity in the liver. This leads to an accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) and its oxidized derivatives in polymerized form in connective tissues especially in joints. Currently, AKU lacks an appropriate therapy. Hence, we propose a new treatment for AKU using the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administered in combinations with ascorbic acid (ASC) since it has been proven that NAC counteracts the side-effects of ASC. We established an in vitro cell model using human articular primary chondrocytes challenged with an excess of HGA (0.33 mM). We used this experimental model to undertake pre-clinical testing of potential antioxidative therapies for AKU, evaluating apoptosis, viability, proliferation, and metabolism of chondrocytes exposed to HGA and treated with NAC and ASC administered alone or in combination addition of both. NAC decreased apoptosis induced in chondrocytes by HGA, increased chondrocyte growth reduced by HGA, and partially restored proteoglycan release inhibited by HGA. A significantly improvement in efficacy was found with combined addition of the two antioxidants in comparison with NAC and ASC alone. Our novel in vitro AKU model allowed us to demonstrate the efficacy of the co-administration of NAC and ASC to counteract the negative effects of HGA for the treatment of ochronotic arthropathy.
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- 2010
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35. Gilding on wall paintings from a period
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Giovanni Cavallo and Marcel Verda
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Archeology ,Painting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Inorganic pigments ,Gilding ,Period (geology) ,Context (language use) ,Art ,Gold foil ,Archaeology ,media_common - Abstract
The use of gildings on wall paintings enjoyed its largest development in Italy between the 13th and 14th centuries AD. This work covers a few important artefacts from the Lombard lake region, dating from a period between 1360 and 1520, and painted by the Seregnesi, Da Tradate and De Passeri studios. Its purpose is to understand the gilding techniques by means of scientific examinations (OM, SEM/EDS, FTIR), integrated with information from ancient treatises.Two main gilding techniques have been used in this context: the composite foil (tin and gold), and the single gold foil, in both cases fixed on the wall by a type of oil-based adhesive with the addition of inorganic pigments, mostly lead white and ochres, called missione. The scientific results are in agreement with the recipes contained in the ancient treatises, particularly in the Libro dell’Arte by Cennino Cennini.Extending the research to other case studies in Tessin and Italy, it is clear that the gilding technique was not influenced by the geographical and historical context, but by the final appearance required by the decoration on the wall surface. The use of tin in the composite foil permitted the gold foil to be burnished and engraved.
- Published
- 2009
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36. Thermal Design of the Mercury Transfer Module
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Sean Tuttle and Giovanni Cavallo
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South carolina ,Hydrology ,chemistry ,Aerospace Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Environmental science ,Environmental systems ,Mercury (element) - Abstract
The 47th International Conference on Environmental Systems was held in Charleston, South Carolina, USA on 16 July 2017 through 20 July 2017.
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- 2009
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37. The Blue Pigment Used in Vallemaggia (Switzerland) in the Half of 19th Century by Painters Vanoni and Pedrazzi
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Giovanni Cavallo
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Painting ,Pigment ,Polymer science ,visual_art ,media_common.quotation_subject ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Mineralogy ,Blue cobalt ,Art ,Analytical Chemistry ,media_common - Abstract
The paper presents the results obtained by means of ESEM–EDS analysis on layers of wall paintings produced by painters Pedrazzi and Vanoni in Vallemaggia (Ticino, Switzerland) between 1850 and 1860, integrated by observations under the optical microscope. The interest for this study stems from the lack of information on the chemical nature of blue pigments used by the two painters. Below the layer of artificial Blue Ultramarine applied during later restoration interventions, the microanalysis of the painting by Vanoni showed a pigment obtained by grinding a potassium silicate (potassium glass) coloured by cobalt oxide. The blue pigment used by Pedrazzi is the same as that probably used by Vanoni. The element percentages obtained by microanalysis techniques are typical of the blue pigment known as smalt (smaltino). The use of this pigment ended or decreased at the beginning of 1800 when Blue Cobalt, discovered in 1802, was then being used. It is possible that the two painters ordered the blue pigment smaltino from glass manufactures of their living area. So we can say that the use of smaltino continued well over the mid-19th century.
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- 2006
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38. Improved survival with perilymphatic interleukin 2 in patients with resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx
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Riccardo Ragona, Antonio Usai, Fausto Badellino, Giovanni Cavallo, Giorgio Cortesina, Mario Bussi, Antonella De Stefani, Guido Forni, De Stefani, A, Forni, G, Ragona, R, Cavallo, G, Bussi, Mario, Usai, A, Badellino, F, and Cortesina, G.
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Adult ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Route of administration ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Medicine ,Survival rate ,Lymph node ,Aged ,business.industry ,Cancer ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Recombinant Proteins ,Surgery ,Survival Rate ,Clinical trial ,Radiation therapy ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Epidermoid carcinoma ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Interleukin-2 ,Mouth Neoplasms ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND The current randomized, multicenter, Phase III trial was conducted to determine whether the disease free interval and overall survival of patients with T2–T4,N0–N3,M0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity or oropharynx could be extended through the combination of surgery (and radiotherapy, if required) with perilymphatic recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). METHODS Patients with a resectable T2–T4,N0–N3,M0 SCC of the oral cavity and oropharynx were assigned randomly to receive surgery and radiotherapy or to receive IL-2, surgery, and radiotherapy. Five thousand units of rIL-2 were injected around the ipsilateral cervical lymph node chain daily for 10 days before surgery. After surgery, contralateral 5-day rIL-2 courses were administered monthly for 1 year. The differences in disease free and overall survival between the two groups of patients were evaluated statistically. RESULTS Two hundred two patients finished the study. No significant complications related to rIL-2 were encountered, and surgery and radiotherapy were not hampered by its prior administration. Multivariate analysis conducted to determine the extent to which survival was influenced by rIL-2 and the other variables showed that rIL-2 significantly lengthened disease free survival (P < 0.01) and that this resulted in longer overall survival (P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The data emerging from this trial indicate that perilymphatic administration of low, nontoxic doses of rIL-2 is a simple and manageable way to delay recurrences of SCC. Cancer 2002;95:90–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10654
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- 2002
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39. Comparison Between Traditional, Lime Based, and Industrial, Dry Mortars
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Albert Jornet, Giovanni Cavallo, Guido Corredig, and Cristina Mosca
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Materials science ,Capillary porosity ,Hydraulic lime ,Metallurgy ,engineering ,engineering.material ,Mortar ,Lime - Abstract
This contribution faces the problem of choosing, preparing and applying render mortars to be used in restoration and repair of historic buildings. The results obtained in this work clearly show that some industrial “dry mortar” products, even if they are not based on slaked lime binders, can be compatible with traditional, lime based ones, with regard to mechanical and physical properties and, therefore, should have a comparable behaviour.
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- 2012
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40. COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION
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Santucci, Annalisa, Figura, Natale, Adriano, Spreafico, Giovanni, Cavallo, and Roberto Filippo Marcolongo
- Published
- 2011
41. Microparticles in physiological and in pathological conditions
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Gianpiero Pescarmona, Antonio Ponzetto, Tetyana Denysenko, Maria Augusta Roos, Stefano Reguzzi, Giovanni Cavallo, and Luisa Gennero
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medicine.medical_specialty ,tissue Factor (TF) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,microparticles (MPs) ,exosomes ,endothelial-derived MPs (EDMPs) ,platelet-derived MPs (PDMPs) ,syncytiotrophoblast-derived MPs (STBMPs) ,extracellular matrix (ECM) ,Arthritis ,Biochemistry ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Cell-Derived Microparticles ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Stroke ,Pathological ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Transplantation ,Biological Therapy ,Eukaryotic Cells ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Immunology ,Chronic Disease ,Etiology ,business ,Rheumatism ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Chronic diseases pose a severe burden to modern National Health Systems. Individuals nowadays have a far more extended lifespan than in the past, but healthy living was only scantily extended. As much as longer life is desirable, it is saddened by chronic diseases and organ malfunctions. One contributor to these problems was recognized to be represented by microparticles (MPs). Our purpose is to better understand MPs, to contrast their ominous threat and possible clinical importance. For this intent we correlated MPs with thrombotic pathologies, hemophilia, malaria, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunctions, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic stroke, pre-eclampsia, rheumatologic diseases-rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis-dermatomyositis, angiogenesis and tumor progression-cancer; we listed the possibilities of using them to improve transfusion methods, as a marker for acute allograft rejection, in stem cell transplantation, as neuronal biomarkers, to understand gender-specific susceptibility for diseases and to improve vaccination methods and we presented some methods for the detection of MPs.
- Published
- 2010
42. Demonstration of the Formation of Hydroxyl Radicals in Acute Myocardial Infarction in Man Using Salicylate as Probe
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Enrico Natale, Valter Pensa, Giovanni Cavallo, Maria A. Chessa, Marco Tubaro, Ezio Tubaro, Roberto Ricci, and Filippo Milazzotto
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Free Radicals ,Gentisates ,Radical ,Myocardial Infarction ,Isosorbide Dinitrate ,Gastroenterology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,In vivo ,Internal medicine ,Healthy volunteers ,Hydroxides ,Hydroxybenzoates ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Myocardial infarction ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,First episode ,Aspirin ,Hydroxyl Radical ,business.industry ,Mean age ,Venous blood ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,chemistry ,Tissue Plasminogen Activator ,Female ,Hydroxyl radical ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) derivatives of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) are formed in vivo by the action of the hydroxyl radical (OH.). In order to evaluate the possible formation of OH(.) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in man, 9 consecutive patients with a first episode of AMI (8 males, 1 female, mean age 50.3 years), treated with rt-PA, and 8 healthy volunteers (7 males, 1 female, mean age 29.8 years) were studied. All subjects received 100 mg ASA p.o. daily; venous blood samples were taken 30 min after the first dose (time 0) and then at 3-, 6-, 12-, 24- and 48 h and 5 days. Serum was analyzed by HPLC and electrochemical detection for 2,3- and 2,5-DHBA contents. 2,3-DHBA was present in all subjects with AMI and undetectable in healthy volunteers at all time points studied. Serum levels of 2,5-DHBA did not show statistically significant differences between AMI patients and healthy volunteers. These data support the hypothesis that hydroxyl radicals are formed during AMI in man.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
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43. Augmentation of Mouse Natural Killer (NK) Activity by GM-1/P, A Processed form of Monosialoganglioside GM-1
- Author
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Anna Giuffrida, Angela Gismondi, Mario Piccoli, Giovanni Cavallo, Luigi Frati, Giorgio Santoni, Ezio Tubaro, Maria Cristina Galli, and Angela Santoni
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Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lymphocyte ,Immunology ,G(M1) Ganglioside ,In Vitro Techniques ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Natural killer cell ,Mice ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,In vivo ,Internal medicine ,Splenocyte ,medicine ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Incubation ,Pharmacology ,Biological activity ,General Medicine ,Molecular biology ,In vitro ,Killer Cells, Natural ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Interleukin-2 ,Percoll - Abstract
We describe the immunomodulatory activity of GM-1/P a processed form of GM-1 (monosialoganglioside) extracted from ox brain, purified and physically modified. We examined the effect of in vivo and in vitro treatment of GM-1/P on natural (NK) activity and its ability to induce the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the mouse. In vivo treatment with GM-1/P (1 mg/Kg, i.v., day-1) resulted in a marked increase and in a change of distribution of NK activity, which was associated with lower density Percoll fractions. Marked increase was already observed at 18 hrs and then declined by day 4. In vitro treatment with GM-1/P (2 micrograms/ml) enhanced NK activity of B6 spleen cells, already after 6 hours of incubation, remaining at plateau levels within 18 hours. A role of IL-2 in this enhancement was suggested by the ability of an anti-IL-2 rabbit antiserum to abolish in vitro increased cytotoxicity. The presence of IL-2 in the supernatants of splenocytes from GM-1/P (1mg/Kg, i.v., ,day-1) treated mice stimulated with Con A or Con A plus TPA for 48 hrs was evaluated by proliferation of an IL-2 dependent CTLL cell line. GM-1/P by itself was unable to stimulate IL-2 production; however it markedly increased IL-2 production induced by Con A or Con A plus TPA.
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- 1990
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44. Unveiling ancestral practices in the procurement and treatment of raw materials through mineralogical analysis
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Giovanni Cavallo
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,Procurement ,Waste management ,Structural Biology ,General Materials Science ,Business ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Raw material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2015
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45. Proposal for an analytical sequence aimed at establishing sutcco's composition and technique used: research on samples collected in southern Switzerland
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Marco Moresi and Giovanni Cavallo
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Petrography ,Materials science ,Section (archaeology) ,Sample (material) ,Microscopy ,Sampling (statistics) ,Mineralogy ,Stucco ,Microanalysis ,Characterization (materials science) - Abstract
The paper presents the results of experiments obtained using different analytical techniques (optical and electronic microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, microanalysis) performed on stucco's samples collected in churches and historical buildings in Canton Ticino and Canton Grigioni (Southern Switzerland). The research is principally oriented towards establishing the better analytical sequence for an efficacious characterization of materials and techniques used in making stuccos, in order to satisfy restoration requests. Plastic decorations (stuccoes of 17th and 18th century), imitation marble vertical surfaces - stucco lustro - (19th century) and decorative elements as stucco lustro (17th century) were studied. The experimental data showed the same bottom layer for all the samples; different categories of stucco are distinguishable observing finishing layer characteristics. Petrographic examinations and spectroscopic infrared analyses represent a suitable survey sequence, working on samples of millimetric size (low invasive and high representative criteria for sampling), considering that it is an usual necessity to divide mechanically the different parts of the same material, as for example bottom layer and finishing one, to detect the presence of organic compounds in each layer. More significant results should be obtained employing electron microscope and microanalysis, using the same thin polished section of optical examinations. Mineralogical and chemical analyses performed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence require a greater sample availability but in this way it is possible to obtain more complete and representative information specifying compounds bound to alteration processes and/or to previous restoration interventions.
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- 2005
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46. Decrease of specific and total IgE levels in allergic patients after BCG vaccination: preliminary report
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Mariateresa Elia, Raffaella Cammarota, Daniela Giordano, Cristina Baldi, and Giovanni Cavallo
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Adult ,Male ,Allergy ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ,Time Factors ,Tuberculin ,medicine.disease_cause ,Immunoglobulin E ,Radioimmunosorbent Test ,Immune system ,Radioallergosorbent Test ,medicine ,Humans ,Asthma ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,Radioallergosorbent test ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Vaccination ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Allergic response ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,BCG Vaccine ,Surgery ,Female ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background A systemic reaction to mycobacteria biases the balance of T helper cell types 1 and 2 toward T helper cell type 1. BCG vaccination mimics some characteristics of mycobacterial infection. Children who have undergone tuberculin conversion after BCG vaccination seem to be more likely to lose their atopic symptoms. Inhibition of both allergic response and airway hyperreactivity after vaccination for mycobacteria has been observed in animal experiments. Objective To evaluate the effects that BCG vaccination has on the serological status of allergic people. Participants and Methods This study included 20 volunteers with a history of allergic rhinitis who were required to undergo BCG vaccination by Italian law. Epicutaneous allergy testing with a panel of common seasonal and perennial inhalational allergens and 2 blood withdrawals were performed. The serum total IgE levels and the serum allergen-specific IgE levels of each individual were measured just before BCG vaccination and again 4 months later. Total IgE levels were determined using the paper radioimmunosorbent test, and allergen-specific IgE levels were determined using the radioallergosorbent test. Results Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE levels were significantly decreased after BCG vaccination (P= .004 andP Conclusion BCG, an effective stimulus for cell-mediated immunity, deserves further study to evaluate its ability to modulate the immune response associated with allergic rhinitis.
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- 2002
47. Lack of detection of lymphotropic polyomavirus DNA in different clinical specimens
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Massimiliano Bergallo, Cristina Costa, Paola Cavalla, Maria Elena Terlizzi, Rossana Cavallo, and Giovanni Cavallo
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Virology ,Lymphotropic polyomavirus ,Biology ,DNA - Published
- 2011
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48. Nitric oxide synthesis in peripheral blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells from patients with systemic sclerosis
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Renzo Marcolongo, L. Rollo, Sauro Lorenzini, M Catenaccio, L Sabadini, Giovanni Cavallo, and N Pipitone
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Nitric oxide synthesis ,Systemic blood ,Scleroderma, Systemic ,omega-N-Methylarginine ,business.industry ,Neutrophils ,Pharmacology ,Middle Aged ,Nitric oxide metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Nitric Oxide ,Scleroderma ,Peripheral blood ,Rheumatology ,Polymorphonuclear cells ,medicine ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Female ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Nitric Oxide Synthase ,business - Published
- 1999
49. The dissolution of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals: formulation of a biocompatible buffer solution with potential use in the treatment of gouty arthropathies
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Roberto Marcolongo, Michele Gregorkiewitz, Giovanni Cavallo, Gabriella Tamasi, Sauro Lorenzini, and Renzo Cini
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arhritis ,Tris ,lcsh:R5-920 ,crystallization ,Sodium ,Immunology ,dissolution ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Mineralogy ,Buffer solution ,biomineralization ,arthritis, urate, TRIS buffer, crystallinity, biomineralization ,Adduct ,Crystallinity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Microcrystalline ,urate ,Rheumatology ,chemistry ,Hydroxymethyl ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Dissolution ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The dissolving abilities (DAs) of several aqueous media for microcrystalline monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU, NaC5N4O3H3·H2O) have been investigated using UV spectrophotometry for quantitative analytical determinations and X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and polarized light optical microscopy to assess structural aspects. High DAs were found for a buffer labeled TMT which contains tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (TRIS·HCl), D-mannitol (MAN) and taurine (TAU) and gave DA30=1298(5) mg/L for synthetic MSU after 30 min incubation at 37°C and pH 7.4, most of the dissolution taking place within the first 5-10 min. Semiempirical molecular modelling techniques (ZINDO/1) show a favorable energy balance for the formation of a TRIS-urate-TRIS adduct which might explain the high DA values. Buffers containing linear or dendrimeric polyamines gave DA values which suggest that complex formation toward sodium cations is less important. An ex vivo MSU sample was found to have a significantly lower DA value (DA30=1124(5) mg/L in TMT) as well as a lower crystallinity than its synthetic counterpart, possibly related to the presence of a non-crystalline impurity such as endogenous proteins. Cytotoxicity tests based on the MTT assay were used to check the biocompatibility of the TMT buffer and showed only moderate cell mortality after 24 h contact with the buffer solution.
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- 2013
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50. Effect of a new de-N-acetyl-lysoglycosphingolipid on some tumour models
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Fabrizio Mainiero, Angela Santoni, Giorgio Borelli, Ezio Tubaro, Luisella Belogi, and Giovanni Cavallo
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Interleukin 2 ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cell ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Biology ,Peritoneal cavity ,Mice ,In vivo ,Gangliosides ,medicine ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Humans ,Doxorubicin ,Pharmacology ,Cisplatin ,Neoplasms, Experimental ,In vitro ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Carbohydrate Sequence ,Cell culture ,Cancer research ,Cell Division ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A new de-N-acetylated glycosphingolipid termed WILD20, a breakdown product of GM1 obtained through alkaline hydrolysis, and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and elementary analysis, was found to inhibit phospholipase A2 via phosphokinase C translocation blockade. The substance inhibited various tumour cell lines in vitro, in synergy with doxorubicin and cisplatin. In vivo, it showed an antitumoral effect when both the tumour cells and WILD20 were injected at the same site (peritoneal cavity). Tumour cells, incubated with WILD20, showed a dose-dependent decrease of oncogenicity without impairment of viability. WILD20 also down-regulated tumour cell adherence to laminin and fibronectin. When peritumorally administered, WILD20 impaired tumour growth and potentiated the peritumoral effects of recombinant interleukin 2. The results obtained merit exploration of the therapeutical possibilities of this agent in human cancer patients.
- Published
- 1995
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