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Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated or antigen-mediated oe-sophageal disease. Therapeutic first-line options currently available for EoE are elimina-tion diets, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and steroids. The ultimate goal of the therapy is to avoid irreversible stricturing disease. Despite the rising prevalence of EoE, there has been little therapeutic advancement until recently. Dupilumab is one of the potential disease-modifying biologics used in various stages of clinical trials. The paper describes the case of a 10-year-old boy presenting with sub-oesophageal stricture in eosinophilic oesophagitis and steroid-dependence for disease control who was successfully treated with dupilumab.

In a retrospective study conducted on a population of Japanese children with a weight ≥ 25 kg and with Kawasaki disease, no significant difference has been observed for the onset of coronary aneurysms, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) resistance, duration of the hospitalisation and adverse treatment effects among the groups treated with 2 g/kg and 1 g/kg doses of IVIg. New randomised controlled studies are desirable to check the most appropriate IVIg dose for old children, also considering the cortisone treatment in association with the IVIg treatment firstly.