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We report a step- and atom economical approach for the meta-functionalisation of calix[4]arene macrocycles by intramolecular gold(i)-catalysed hydroarylation of alkynes.

In July 2019, severe leaf symptoms were observed on onion plants (Allium cepa L. cv. Dorata di Parma) in a commercial field located in the municipality of Medicina (Bologna, Emilia-Romagna region), in northern Italy. Diseased leaves showed yellowish-pale-brown and oval-shaped lesions, which later coalesced in larger necrotic areas, and black leaf tips. As the disease progressed, conidia developed on the necrotizing leaves, until premature desiccation of the whole plants. Disease incidence of approximately 70% was calculated in the affected field, together with yield losses that were estimated to be above 30%. Symptomatic tissue fragments excised from the leaf lesions were surface disinfested with NaOCl 1% for 2 minutes, rinsed with sterile water and transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Fungi were consistently isolated after 5 days of incubation at 27 ± 1°C in the dark. Single spore isolation was performed on PDA to obtain 7 pure cultures, whose morphological characteristics were consistent with the description of Stemphylium vesicarium (Ellis 1971). DNA from a representative single spore isolate was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified using the universal primers P-ITS1 and P-ITS4 (White et al. 1990). The PCR product was sequenced and deposited in GenBank (Accession No. OP144057). A BLAST search in CBS-KNAW collection bank (Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands) showed 100% identity for the ITS gene with the strain of S. vesicarium under accession number CBS 124749. Moreover, the PCR assay using the primer pair KES 1999 and KES 2000 (Graf et al. 2016) for the cytochrome b gene displayed the specific fragments of 420 bp for S. vesicarium. The isolate was tested for pathogenicity on onion (potted plants cv. Texas Early Gran, fourth leaf stage) by spraying 4 ml of a conidial suspension (1 × 104 conidia/ ml) per plant. Inoculated and non-inoculated (sprayed with sterile distilled water) plants were kept at 24 ± 1°C and 90% relative humidity with a 16-h photoperiod. Seven days after inoculation, disease assessment was performed. Inoculated plants showed typical Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB) symptoms, similar to those observed in the field. No symptoms developed on the water-inoculated plants. S. vesicarium was consistently reisolated from the artificially inoculated onion plants and identified using a PCR assay, according to Graf et al. (2016). The assay was repeated twice with the same results. SLB is currently reported worldwide and it is considered a re-emerging threat and a truly challenging fungal disease, which can result in yield and quality losses of up to 90% in onion crops (Hay et al. 2021). In Italy, S. vesicarium has been reported several years ago on pear (Ponti et al. 1982) and, more recently, on radish sprouts (Belisario et al. 2008), chili pepper (Vitale et al. 2017) and spinach (Gilardi et al. 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first report of S.vesicarium on onion in Italy. Our results stress that development and implementation of innovative Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies are urgently needed to ensure an effective control of SLB, since only a few moderately resistant onion varieties are available (Hay et al. 2021) and no fungicides are currently registered to specifically control SLB in Italy. Further studies are underway to elucidate the pathogen geographic distribution and assess the impact of this disease on the onion crop in Italy.

At nucleation depths of earthquakes in the continental crust (7-15 km), cataclastic processes and fluids interact in a complex way, affecting the mechanical properties, deformation mechanisms and fabric of fault rocks. In this study, we analyzed the effects of cumulative displacement, fault orientation and slip localization on the fabric of low-displacement cataclasite-pseudotachylyte-bearing faults in granodiorite and discuss the feedbacks between deformation mechanisms potentially controlling the transition to unstable slip.The samples were stem from a well-exposed outcrop of the Gole Larghe Fault Zone (Southern Alps, Italy), which was active 30 Ma ago as a dextral transpressive fault at depths of earthquake nucleation (9-11 km, 250-280°C). Faults and shear fractures were digitized from an orthorectified photomosaic over an area of about 65 m2 to quantify their spatial arrangement. Samples were stem from faults and shear fractures which accommodated increasing cumulative displacements from 0 to 4.8 m, with strikes ranging from N074 to N125. Samples were characterized by means of microstructural (field emission scanning electron microscope, optical cathodoluminescence), mineralogical (X-Ray powder diffraction), geochemical (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, EMPA) and image analysis (clast size distribution and shape parameters) investigations.Although fractures are uniformly distributed in the analyzed outcrop, 69% of the total displacement is accommodated along two main pseudotachylyte-bearing fault strands. Cataclasites consist of fragments of the wall rock (quartz, plagioclase and K-feldspar), in a matrix of K-feldspar, chlorite and epidote. With increasing displacement, the average grain size of quartz and plagioclase clasts decreases, the fractal dimension of the clast size distribution increases (from 1.6 to 2.8 in two dimensions) and the faults develop multiple domains of foliated cataclasites and non-foliated, highly comminuted ultracataclasites. If ultracataclasites or pseudotachylytes are present in the fault rocks, an increase of the displacement/thickness ratio suggests strain localization. The boundaries of quartz and plagioclase clasts in cataclasites are generally jagged, and clasts with equivalent diameters of less than 5 μm are rare, suggesting partial corrosion of the clast’s boundaries and dissolution of the smallest fragments. Elongated clasts are often oriented at an acute angle with fault boundaries, forming foliated cataclasite domains. Their iso-orientation is more intense in faults having a higher resolved normal stress (assuming a constant far-field stress tensor), i.e., the P-shears. Foliation is associated with an incipient mineral segregation of the matrix minerals, with epidote and titanite aligned along the foliation surfaces and K-feldspar and chlorite in low-strain sites.In agreement with experimental results, once slip localizes along highly comminuted horizons, slip appears to be further localized along it, suggesting slip weakening behavior associated with cataclastic flow. Diffusive mass transfer processes enhanced by comminution and fluid ingression allow a residual part of the displacement to be accommodated by frictional-viscous mechanisms (creep), especially at high driving stresses.

Few studies explored the role of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) in the sub-group of non-standard renal grafts with a biopsy-proven advanced histological impairment. This study aimed to investigate the role of HMP in grafts with a Karpinski Score 3 in terms of the need for dialysis, creatinine reduction ratio at day-7 (CRR7), and 3-year graft survival.Twenty-three perfused grafts with Karpinski Score 3 evaluated between November 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with a control group of 32 non-perfused grafts transplanted between January 2014 and October 2017.After transplantation, perfused grafts had fewer cases requiring dialysis (8.7% vs. 34.4%; p = 0.051), a better reduction in serum creatinine (median at 7 days: 2.2 vs. 4.3 mg/dl; p = 0.045), and shorter length of hospital stay (median 11 vs. 15 days; p = 0.01). Three-year death-censored graft survival was better in the perfused cases (91.3% vs. 77.0%; p = 0.16). In perfused grafts, initial renal resistance (RR) had the best predictive value for renal function recovery after the first week, as defined by CRR7 ≤ 70% (AUC = 0.83; p = 0.02). A cut-off value of 0.5 mm Hg/ml/min showed a sensitivity of 82.4%, a specificity of 83.3%, and diagnostic odds ratio = 23.4. After dividing the entire population into a Low-RR (n = 8) and a High-RR Group (n = 15), more cases with CRR7 ≤ 70% were reported in the latter group (86.7 vs. 13.3%; p = 0.03).HMP yielded promising results in kidneys with Karpinski Score 3. Initial RR should be of interest in selecting non-standard organs for single kidney transplantation even in impaired histology.

Microalgae are studied as innovative sources of a wide range of highly valuable products, including proteins for the food/feed sectors. However, protein content varies depending on algal species, culture conditions and harvesting period. The Phylum Chlorophyta includes most of the described species of green algae. Due to their remarkable peculiarities, four Chlorophyta species belonging to two distinct classes were selected for the research: Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella protothecoides as Trebouxiophyceae, and Neochloris oleoabundans and Scenedesmus acutus as Chlorophyceae. The algae were studied to obtain comparative results about their growth performance, and total protein content and profile under the same culture conditions. Since photosynthetic process directly influences biomass production, photosynthetic pigment, PSII maximum quantum yield and thylakoid protein content and profile were analysed. SDS-PAGE and 2D BN/SDS-PAGE were performed to expand information on the organization and assembly of the resolved thylakoid complexes of samples. Despite the algal species showed similar growth rates and photosynthetic efficiency, S. acutus showed the highest capability to accumulate proteins and photosynthetic pigments. Regarding the thylakoid protein profile, the two Trebouxiophyceae showed very similar pattern, whereas different amounts of LHCII occurred within the two Chlorophyceae. Finally, the separation of thylakoid protein complexes in 2D BN/SDS-PAGE revealed a more complex pattern in S. acutus as compared to the other species. Overall, it is suggested that a higher stability of the photosynthetic membranes can result in higher biomass and protein production. Altogether, results have highlighted the metabolic uniqueness of each strain, resulting in a non-obvious comparison with the other species.

Background Recently, the variability and heterogeneity of gender presentations in transgender youths have gained significant attention worldwide. Alongside this, specialized gender services have reported an increase in referrals of youths reporting non-binary identities. In Italy, studies investigating gender identity and expression in gender non-conforming youths are lacking, as are data regarding the non-binary population. Aim The present study aimed at dimensionally exploring how transgender and non-binary Italian adolescents identify and express their gender. Outcomes Gender expression in trans binary youths and non-binary youths. Methods The Gender Diversity Questionnaire (GDQ; Twist & de Graaf, 2019) was used to investigate gender identity, gender fluidity, and gender expression in a sample of 125 adolescent patients from the Gender Identity Development Service (SAIFIP) in Rome and the Gender Incongruence Unit of the Careggi Hospital in Florence, between April 2019–June 2021. Results The majority of participants (74.4%) identified as trans* binary and the remaining (25.6%) participants identified as non-binary. Trans binary participants reported a stable gender identity, whereas non-binary participants reported a more fluid gender identity across time and contexts. Almost all participants rated external appearance as important to their gender expression, yet trans binary participants attributed more importance to the body in this respect. Body discomfort and pubertal stage emerged as the most influential factors in participants’ experiences of gender. Participants who were assigned male at birth expressed significantly more desire for puberty blockers, whereas those who were assigned female at birth had a stronger desire to engage in breast/chest surgery. Non-binary participants sought different medical interventions relative to trans binary participants. Clinical Implications These results may be useful for clinicians working with transgender youths as they provide awareness regarding the features of young people who identify within and outside of binary constructions of gender. Strengths & Limitations This study provides useful data in gaining insight into understanding the variety of experiences and challenges of gender non-conforming youths. However as the sample was recruited from specialized services, it may not represent the entire gender non-conforming population in Italy. Conclusion The results describe the range of gender identities and expressions among gender non-conforming youths attending gender specialized services in Italy, thereby improving our understanding of the variety of identities experienced and the specific medical needs of both trans binary and non-binary adolescents.

We describe a new species of extinct duck, Miotadorna catrionae sp. nov. (Anatidae, Tadornini, Tadorninae), based on a right humerus from the Miocene lacustrine deposits of St Bathans, Otago, New Zealand. Principal component analysis reveals that the new taxon is distinguished by its large size and relative proportions. This is the eighth and largest species of duck described from the St Bathans fossil assemblage and further underscores the global importance of this site for understanding anatid evolution.

ObjectiveStarting from May 2022, a growing number of monkeypox cases have been identified in several countries in Europe and the United States. To date, information on social reaction to the news circulating about monkeypox is limited. Assessing psychological and social elements related to the tendency to misinterpret monkeypox information is urgent and useful in setting up tailored education and prevention programs for specific populations. The present study aims to explore the association of selected psychological and social variables to monkeypox attitudes as fake news.MethodsThree hundred and thirty-three participants (212 women, 110 men, and 11 other genders) from the general Italian population completed nine self-report measures.ResultsResults showed that people that were more likely to believe that monkeypox was a hoax were: older, heterosexual, politically conservative, and more religious. Moreoverm they were more likely to show more negative attitudes toward gay men, higher levels of sexual moralism, less knowledge and fear about monkeypox, no previous infections of COVID-19, lower number of COVID-19 vaccine doses, and being closer to no-vax theories. On the psychological side, participants that were more likely to believe that the monkeypox was a hoax were associated with lower levels of epistemic trust and order traits, with higher levels of epistemic mistrust, close-mindedness, and ability to process emotions. A full mediation model which explores the relationships between the main variables related to fake news attitudes toward monkeypox was tested, reporting good fit indices.ConclusionResults from the current study could be helpful to improve the effectiveness of health communication, design targeted education, and support people to engage in healthier behaviors.

We report a solid-state structural investigation of diametric calix[6]arene-based phosphine gold(I) cavitands which are characterised by two specific, different 1,2,3-alternate conformations in solution and in the solid state. The effect of the specific orientation of phosphines, with respect to macrocycles, was studied in intramolecular cyclopropanation of 1,6-dienynes. The general applicability of these catalysts was disclosed, delivering a family of polycycles with high yields and functional group tolerance.

This paper extends existing research on inclusive place marketing by advancing methodological reflections on how to rework research instruments toward greater inclusivity. Our methodological reflections intend to encourage the dialogue between place marketing theory and practice, as well as reflections on the role that academic researchers take on while co-creating territorial development and promotion projects with a variety of non-academic stakeholders. This is done in the form of a self-reflective account of the multi-disciplinary tourism research team engaged in “RECOLOR” (Reviving and EnhanCing artwOrks and Landscapes Of the adRiatic). This is an INTERREG project funded by the European Commission that aims to enhance the tourist potential of secondary urban and natural resources in Croatia and Italy, with a view to generating sustainable development. Academics and consultants can replicate the research methods suggested in this paper when conducting participatory audits in other destinations.

En el presente trabajo, proponemos el formato de diálogo entre lxs estudiantes adscriptxs de la cátedra de Historia de la Lengua (Letras) con su directora para reflexionar sobre el trabajo en equipo realizado durante la cursada virtual en el contexto de pandemia. Se parte de la premisa básica del “maestro ignorante” propuesta por el filósofo francés Jacques Rancière (Le maître ignorant, París, Fayard, 1987), que rompe con la enseñanza clásica basada en la idea de que un sujeto –el maestro– posee un conocimiento que es transmitido mediante una explicación a otro sujeto –el alumno– que no lo tiene, reproduciendo de algún modo las desigualdades propias de las relaciones sociales de producción capitalista. Así, si una de las misiones fundamentales de la universidad pública es lograr la igualdad social a través del acceso al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, consideramos que el diálogo horizontal, plural y transversal a la vez entre estudiantes y docentes es fundamental para reflexionar sobre los periodos más críticos, en un intento de mejorar la igualdad de oportunidades. De este modo, se ponen de manifiesto reflexiones sobre experiencias de lxs estudiantes vividas durante el primer cuatrimestre de cursada virtual que sirvieron de base para reformular la dinámica de una comisión de trabajos prácticos de Historia de la Lengua en el segundo cuatrimestre de 2020.

Recent fossil discoveries from New Zealand have revealed a remarkably diverse assemblage of Paleocene stem group penguins. Here, we add to this growing record by describing nine new penguin specimens from the late Paleocene (upper Teurian local stage; 55.5–59.5 Ma) Moeraki Formation of the South Island, New Zealand. The largest specimen is assigned to a new species, Kumimanu fordycei n. sp., which may have been the largest penguin ever to have lived. Allometric regressions based on humerus length and humerus proximal width of extant penguins yield mean estimates of a live body mass in the range of 148.0 kg (95% CI: 132.5 kg–165.3 kg) and 159.7 kg (95% CI: 142.6 kg–178.8 kg), respectively, for Kumimanu fordycei. A second new species, Petradyptes stonehousei n. gen. n. sp., is represented by five specimens and was slightly larger than the extant emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri. Two small humeri represent an additional smaller unnamed penguin species. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses recover Kumimanu and Petradyptes crownward of the early Paleocene mainland NZ taxa Waimanu and Muriwaimanu, but stemward of the Chatham Island taxon Kupoupou. These analyses differ, however, in the placement of these two taxa relative to Sequiwaimanu, Crossvallia, and Kaiika. The massive size and placement of Kumimanu fordycei close to the root of the penguin tree provide additional support for a scenario in which penguins reached the upper limit of sphenisciform body size very early in their evolutionary history, while still retaining numerous plesiomorphic features of the flipper. UUID: https://zoobank.org/15b1d5b2-a5a0-4aa5-ba0a-8ef3b8461730

We study the preferential treatment of green bonds in the Central Bank collateral framework as an environmental policy instrument within a DSGE model with environmental and financial frictions. Green and conventional entrepreneurs issue bonds to banks that use them as collateral. The associated collateral premium induce entrepreneurs to increase bond issuance, investment, leverage, and default risk. Collateral policy solves a trade-off between increasing collateral supply, adverse effects on entrepreneur risk-taking, and subsidizing green investment. Due to these adverse side effects, optimal collateral policy is characterized by modest preferential treatment, thereby increasing the green bond share and, to a smaller extent, the green investment share, which in turn reduces pollution. The limited response of green investment is directly related to higher risk-taking of green entrepreneurs. Furthermore, we show that preferential treatment is an imperfect substitute of Pigouvian taxation on pollution: only if the optimal tax can not be implemented, optimal collateral policy features preferential treatment of green bonds.

Metronomic chemotherapy (mCHT) refers to the minimum biologically effective dose of a chemotherapy agent given as a continuous dosing regimen, with no prolonged drug-free breaks, that leads to antitumor activity. Aim of the present study is to describe the use of mCHT in a retrospective cohort of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients in order to collect data regarding the different types and regimens of drugs employed, their efficacy and safety. Between January 2011 and December 2016, data of 584 metastatic breast cancer patients treated with mCHT were collected. The use of VRL-based regimens increased during the time of observation (2011: 16.8% - 2016: 29.8%), as well as CTX-based ones (2011: 17.1% - 2016: 25.6%), whereas CAPE-based and MTX-based regimens remained stable. In the 1st-line setting, the highest ORR and DCR were observed for VRL-based regimens (single agent: 44% and 88%; combination: 36.7% and 82.4%, respectively). Assuming VRL-single agent as the referee treatment (median PFS: 7.2 months, 95% CI: 5.3–10.3), the longest median PFS were observed in VRL-combination regimens (9.5, 95%CI 88.8–11.3, HR = 0.72) and in CAPE-single agent (10.7, 95%CI 8.3–15.8, HR = 0.70). The VICTOR-6 study provides new data coming from the real-life setting, by adding new information regarding the use of mCHT as an option of treatment for MBC patients.

Background Walking in water (WW) is frequently used as an aquatic exercise in rehabilitation programs for the elderly. Understanding gait characteristics of WW is of primary importance to effectively design specific water-based rehabilitation programs. Moreover, as walking speed in water is reduced with a possible effect on gait parameters, the age- and environment-related changes during WW have to be investigated considering the effects of instantaneous walking speed. Research question: how do gait kinematic characteristics differ in healthy elderly between WW and on land walking condition (LW)? Do elderly show different walking patterns compared to young adults? Can these kinematic changes be accounted only by the different environment/age or are they also related to walking speed? Methods Nine healthy elderly participants (73.5 ± 5.8 years) were acquired during walking in WW and LW at two different speeds. Kinematic parameters were assessed with waterproofed inertial magnetic sensors using a validated protocol. The influence of environment, age and walking speed on gait parameters was investigated with linear mixed models. Results Shorter stride distances and longer stride durations were observed in WW compared to LW. In the sagittal plane, hip and knee joint showed larger flexion in WW (>10deg over the whole stride and ∼28deg at foot strike, respectively). Furthermore, lower walking speeds and stride distances were observed in elderly compared to young adults. In the sagittal plane, a slightly more flexed hip joint and a less plantarflexed ankle joint (∼9 deg) were observed in the elderly. Significance: The results showed the importance of assessing the walking speed during WW, as gait parameters can vary not only for the effect environment but also due to different walking speeds.

Introduction: In today’s Italy, gender diversity has assumed a remarkable resonance and visibility in both scientific and popular literature, which has facilitated the development of studies regarding treatments and support for children and adolescents with gender-related issues. Aim: the aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of how Italian clinicians (psychologists and pediatricians) perceive gender variant children and adolescents, evaluating their approach to clinical practice. Methods: An online questionnaire directed to clinicians regarding their experience with, and perceptions of, gender variant children and adolescents was used for the first part of the research. In the second part of this study, Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methodology was applied to semi-structured interviews aimed at investigating clinicians’ approach to clinical practice. Results: Professionals reported 374 cases, including 200 children (aged 2–11 years) and 174 adolescents (aged 12–19 years); a total of 10 interviews were conducted with professionals. Conclusion: This study highlights the increase of gender variant children and adolescents seen by professionals, but also the poor awareness of Italian professionals about gender diversity and their care, as well as an absence of a network model of intervention.

OBJECTIVES Only few studies compared the surgical morbidity and mortality of thoracoscopic segmentectomy versus lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer, in particular, by relating the segmental resections with the corresponding anatomical lobes. METHODS We enrolled a total of 7487 patients who underwent VATS lobectomy (7269) or segmentectomy (218) from January 2014 to July 2019. A propensity score matching approach was used to account for potential confounding factors between the 2 groups. After matching, 349 lobectomies and 208 segmentectomies were included in the analysis. We analysed the operative and postoperative outcomes of video-assisted anatomical segmentectomy compared with video-assisted lobectomy and, in details, the results of segmentectomy with its corresponding lobectomy in a large cohort of patients from the Italian VATS Group Registry. RESULTS The overall conversion rate to thoracotomy was not statistically different between the groups (27 patients 8% vs 7 patients 3%, P = 0.1). The lobectomy group had a greater number of resected lymph nodes (median 11 vs 8, P = 0.006). No significant differences were detected in 30-day mortality (1.4%, 5 patients vs 0.9%, 2 patients), overall complications (18%, 62 patients vs 14%, 29 patients) and prolonged air leakage (31 patients, 9% vs 12 patients, 6%) between lobectomy and segmentectomy, respectively. No statistical differences were found regarding the median duration of drainage (3.2 days, P = 1) and the overall median length of hospital stay (6.4 days, P = 0.1) between the 2 groups. In the context of segmentectomy versus corresponding lobectomy, the right upper lobectomy compared with right upper segmentectomy showed a higher number of resected lymph nodes (P = 0.027). No statistical differences were reported in terms of conversion rate and postoperative complication and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Segmentectomy could be considered a safe procedure without significant differences compared to thoracoscopic lobectomy in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Objetivo: Identificar se os profissionais de enfermagem estão aptos para acolher as vítimas de violência sexual de forma humanizada. Métodos: A pesquisa se trata de revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada nos meses de setembro/2019 a agosto/2020. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de pesquisa nas bases de dados LILACS e BDENF. Como dificuldade para o estudo, encontramos a baixa quantidade de artigos sobre assunto abordado. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que os profissionais de enfermagem não estão preparados para o acolhimento de vítimas de violência sexual, em dois estudos mostrou o despreparo por fatores psicológicos, insegurança, em três estudos foi apontado falta de capacitação. Conclusão: Apesar de todos os protocolos, preparo teórico, prático e embasamento científico ao longo da formação acadêmica do profissional de saúde, o atendimento de enfermagem ainda é falho. É preciso haver uma equipe multidisciplinar alinhada e capacitada para acolher e dar continuidade ao atendimento humanizado às mulheres vítimas de violência sexual.

This is the pre-review draft of the second of two papers submitted to Journal of Lightwave Technology, where the effect on confinement loss of thickness variations along the perimeter of the tubes composing the cladding of inhibited-coupling guiding Tubular Lattice hollow-core fibers is investigated by using the Azimuthal Fourier Decomposition technique (developed in Part I) for the description of the cladding modal dynamics and their interaction with fundamental core mode. The results show that the thickness inhomogeneity affects the confinement loss spectrum through confinement loss increase and frequency red- and blue-shift of the high loss spectral regions. The magnitudes of the confinement loss increase and the high-loss region frequency shift strongly depend on the spatial distribution of the thickness inhomogeneity. The study provides insight into the loss mechanism of non-ideal tube lattice fibers, it allows quantifying the impact of such kind of structural deformations, identifying the route to make fibers more resilient to such fabrication imperfections, and highlighting once again the importance played in inhibited-coupling fibers by the interaction between core modes and the intricate set of cladding modes.

This paper proposes an iterative double-step method for the modeling of a gas turbine (GT). The approach is presented to address a specific application with a great industrial impact, however, it can be extended to different physical systems. As regards GT modeling, the first step is based on generalized maps and thermodynamic laws that allow an algebraic static estimation of flows, temperatures, and pressures of each GT section. The second step is based on a Kalman filter (KF) that corrects these static estimations exploiting all available measurements and introducing thermodynamic and mechanical equilibrium. The model has been trained and validated on a massive data set created using a numerical propulsion system simulation (NPSS)-based design tool, which contains the turbine geometrical and mechanical data. Finally, the quality of the model has also been evaluated by exploiting field data taken from existing plants.

L'articolo di Griffin Hansbury (2017a) "L'uomo vaginale: lavorare con la corporeità di uomini queer al confine del transgender" è un contributo originale, capace di stimolare la psicoanalisi a riflettere e a produrre linguaggio sui confini di genere delle identità maschili. Reinvenzione "incarnata" di concetti già noti all'elaborazione psicoanalitica (in autori come Judith Butler, Jessica Benjamin o Ken Corbett), la proposta di un "Vaginale maschile" può allargare il campo delle simbolizzazioni disponibili nel lavoro clinico con pazienti di genere maschile (cisgender e transgender, omosessuali ed eterosessuali). Tale ampliamento può essere uno strumento utile per lavorare, clinicamente e culturalmente, sia sul versante "fluido" e queer sia su quello "rigido" (di una mascolinità oggi da alcuni definita "tossica") delle identificazioni maschili.

In molti ci chiedono se in italiano esista una forma equivalente all’inglese single. Uno di loro domanda anche se sia ammissibile l’adattamento grafico singol, mentre un altro chiede se sia possibile usare il termine singletudine.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been examined from a range of theoretical perspectives, including attachment theory, with the aim of assessing psychosocial risk factors. Previous research has shown that a child’s exposure to violence in the family is a major predictor of IPV victimization later in life. Furthermore, research on abused and traumatized adult samples has shown high frequencies of unresolved/disorganized attachment styles. In particular, disorganized attachment is associated with major problems of affect regulation and deficits in mentalizing ability. The present research had three aims: (a) to assess the childhood traumatic experiences of female victims of IPV; (b) to investigate and identify the attachment patterns of female victims of IPV; and (c) to examine reflective functioning and prementalistic modes in female victims of IPV, in relation to attachment and trauma. A sample of 31 women, recruited through anti-violence centers, were administered the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire. The Complex Trauma Questionnaire and the Reflective Functioning Scale (RFS) were also applied to the AAI transcripts. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Coding was conducted by two trained coders and certified as reliable for the AAI and RFS. Clinicians completed the Modes of Mentalization Scale (MMS) to assess participants’ mentalization style. The data showed a high percentage of women with insecure attachment and lower reflective functioning. The results are discussed in terms of their clinical and theoretical implications—particularly their application to psycho-forensics, through the development of preventive programs and interventions for IPV. Efforts to understand the etiology of IPV and to intervene to prevent recidivism are fundamental in reducing this public health threat.

Laparoscopic segment 7 segmentectomy and segment 6–7 bisegmentectomy are challenging resections because of the posterior position and the lack of landmarks. The anatomy of the right posterior Glissonean pedicle and the caudal view of laparoscopy make such resections suitable for the Glissonean pedicle-first approach. The study population included all consecutive patients treated with laparoscopic liver resection from August 2019 to February 2020. The approach is based on the ultrasonographic identification of the right posterior or segmental pedicle from the dorsal side of the liver after complete mobilization. The pedicle of interest is isolated through mini-hepatotomy and clamped. The segment anatomy is defined by ischemia. The transection starts from the ventral side, close to the right hepatic vein that is exposed and followed craniocaudally. Ten patients underwent anatomical laparoscopic resection of right posterolateral segments. There were 7 colorectal liver metastases, 2 hepatocellular carcinoma, and 1 biliary cysto-adenoma. Five patients underwent Sg7 resection, one patient underwent a Sg7 subsegmentectomy, and 4 underwent Sg6-7 bisegmentectomy. The Glissonean pedicle-first approach was feasible in eight patients. The craniocaudal approach to the RHV was feasible in six patients, not indicated in three cases and was abandoned in one patient for technical difficulty. There was no operative morbidity or mortality. Median post-operative hospital stay was 5 days. The Glissonean pedicle-first approach is safe and effective for laparoscopic anatomic resections of the right posterior sector. The craniocaudal approach to right hepatic vein from the ventral side is a convenient procedure to follow the segmental anatomy deep in the parenchyma.

Background The European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommend that interval cancer rate be expressed as a proportion of background incidence rate. Aim To determine the crude and adjusted proportional incidence of interval CRC in an Italian regional two-yearly faecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening programme. Methods The programme (year of implementation, 2005) is targeted at over 1,000,000 people aged 50–69 years. The test is a one-sample OC-Sensor (Eiken Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan). The study covered one-third of the regional area. Excerpts of 434,295 eligible negative FIT records dated 2005–2012 from 193,193 subjects were retrieved from the regional CRC screening data warehouse. By 31 December 2013, the cohort accumulated 198,302 man-years and 235,370 woman-years. Interval CRCs were identified by record-linkage with the local population-based cancer registry. Their number was divided by the expected number, estimated with age-period-cohort models, to obtain the proportional incidence. Results The proportional incidence of interval CRC for men and women was, respectively, 0.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04–0.09) and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.13–0.23) in the first interval year, and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.16–0.26) and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.22–0.36) in the second year. Conclusions The results were acceptable and in line with previous studies.

Robotic systems have revolutionized the way we perform minimally invasive surgery and has facilitated the evolution of traditional laparoscopic gastric surgery. Surgeons have several advantages that can overcome some of the well-known limits of laparoscopy: three-dimensional vision, articulated instruments, the absence of tremors. These can give greater dexterity and precision in dissection and suturing movements that are key elements when performing complex and gentle reconstruction to restore digestive continuity. The present case shows the technical details and tips and tricks of a robotic surgical approach for a subtotal gastrectomy.

Alcuni lettori chiedono se si possa considerare legittimo l’uso in ambito giuridico di distonico e distonia, termini propri della medicina.

Dyke swarms intruding the mantle–continental crust transition of the Adria plate as documented by the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (IVZ, Southern Alps) represent a unique opportunity to investigate the evolution of mantle melts from Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic in the post-collisional Variscan realm. Thus, we present new petrological and geochemical data of dyke swarms cropping out in the Finero Phlogopite Peridotite mantle unit. Dykes are from a few cm to >1 m thick and cut at a high angle the mantle foliation.The dyke swarms are composed of cumulus phlogopite-bearing amphibole peridotite, hornblendite, diorite and anorthosite. Many dykes are composite, showing variable proportions of melanocratic and leucocratic layers. Volatiles overpressure during the late magmatic stage is testified by plastic flow and development of a porphyroclastic structure by deformation of early cumulates and by the widespread segregation of a fine-grained mica matrix. The dyke swarms show mineralogical and geochemical features varying between two end-member series.A dyke series is characterized by Al-rich pargasite (Al2O3 up to 18 wt.%) and phlogopite, associated with apatite, calcite, sulphides and sometimes sapphirine. The amphiboles show i) large LILE and LREE contents, ii) negative Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf anomaly and iii) isotopic oxygen composition heavier than the mantle interval, which support the occurrence of recycled continental crust components in the parent melts and impart an overall “orogenic” affinity.The second series mainly consists of Al-poorer pargasite, phlogopite and albite (An 8-10), associated with apatite, monazite, ilmenite, zircon, Nb-rich oxides and carbonates. Mineral compositions and assemblages indicate that the parent melts were strongly enriched in Fe, Na, H2O, P and C. Amphiboles are still enriched in LILE and LREE, but show extreme enrichments in Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. As a whole, the petrochemical features point to an “anorogenic” alkaline affinity. Zircons from the “anorogenic” dykes are mostly anhedral, with homogenous internal structure or sector zoning. The strongly positive εHft (average of +10) of zircons and the Sr isotopic composition of amphiboles (0.7042) point to a derivation of such “anorogenic” melts from mildly enriched mantle sources. Concordant 206Pb/238U zircon ages for “anorogenic” dykes vary from 221 ± 9 Ma to 192 ± 8 Ma. Some dykes show both “orogenic” and “anorogenic” affinities, thus recording different pulses of mantle melts and metasomatic overprinting. As a whole, the dyke swarms show a transition from “orogenic” to “anorogenic” affinity indicating re-opening of dykes’ conduits for the melt ascending, pointing to a progressive change of the mantle sources of the Mesozoic magmatism of the Southern Alps.

Background and Objectives: Liver transplantation (LT) is the best strategy for curing several primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. In recent years, growing interest has been observed in the enlargement of the transplant oncology indications. This paper aims to review the most recent developments in the setting of LT oncology, with particular attention to LT for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA). Materials and Methods: A review of the recently published literature was conducted. Results: Growing evidence exists on the efficacy of LT in curing CRLM and peri-hilar and intrahepatic CCA in well-selected patients when integrating this strategy with (neo)-adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or locoregional treatments. Conclusion: For unresectable CCA and CRLM management, several prospective protocols are forthcoming to elucidate LT’s impact relative to alternative therapies. Advances in diagnosis, treatment protocols, and donor-to-recipient matching are needed to better define the oncological indications for transplantation. Prospective, multicenter trials studying these advances and their impact on outcomes are still required.

Background: A rising number of monkeypox cases have been detected in Europe and several Western nations. Evaluating the fear associated with monkeypox is crucial to determine the necessity for tailored education and prevention programs for specific populations. This study explores the psychological and social factors linked to the fear response to monkeypox. Methods: Nine self-report measures were completed by 333 participants (212 women, 110 men, and 11 individuals identifying as other genders) from the general Italian population, investigating different psychosocial variables. Results: The findings revealed that higher levels of monkeypox fear were linked to identifying as LGB+ or having close associations with the LGBTQI+ community, being single, having lower education levels, placing greater importance on religion, receiving more COVID-19 vaccine doses, having a lower current quality of life, and attributing increased impairment to the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychologically, higher levels of monkeypox fear were associated with higher levels of epistemic credulity, close-mindedness, anxiety, difficulty expressing emotions, and difficulty processing them. Conversely, lower levels of monkeypox fear were related to the belief that the media exaggerated the risks associated with monkeypox epidemics. A partial mediation model was presented and tested. Conclusions: Collecting and utilizing this data can help design targeted education and prevention programs to overcome the fear of monkeypox and promote healthier behaviors.

Introduction: More than 2 years after the WHO declaration of a pandemic, SARS-Cov-2 still represents a public health problem The pandemic has increased the complexity of cancer treatments including breast cancer. These difficulties were highlighted in adjuvant treatments but above all in metastatic disease. Vaccination has been one of the most important public health factors that has reduced deaths, hospitalizations and the severity of symptoms related to infection. In metastatic breast cancer hormone receptor positive and HER2/neu negative currently the first line of treatment is given by the association between cyclin 4/6 inhibitors and hormone therapy (aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant) A well-known and frequent side effect of this therapy is the reduction of white blood cell values and neutrophils. The hypothesis that this study is to evaluate whether treatment with cyclin inhibitors initiated before the period of vaccinations may have influenced, due to the reduction in white blood cell values, an increased risk of infection in these patients. Materials and methods: In our study, we selected patients who had started treatment with cyclin inhibitors before starting the vaccination cycle (in Italy up to the fourth dose in cancer patients) and continue it without evidence of disease progression. All patients were offered a vaccination cycle with mRNA COVID vaccines and were followed during their cancer treatments. All patients, at least 90 days after the last dose of vaccine, have been tested for antibodies against SARS CoV-2 (trimeric spike protein) with a value expressed in binding antibodies unit (BAU) according to international standard WHO During the observation period (starting from the first dose of vaccine administered) the patients were clinically checked and in case of suspicion of infectious pathology with symptoms suggestive of SARS-COV-19 infection, they were tested with molecular swab Results: We evaluated 52 patients who started cyclin treatment before the vaccination course and who are currently without signs of disease recurrence During the study period we found 14 SARS-COV19 infections (28% of patients) and one patient with two infectious episodes. No patients needed treatment in a hospital or resuscitation setting. All patients have fully recovered from the infection and at most after 21 days have resumed the treatment still in place Statistically, a linear regression calculation was applied to evaluate a functional relationship between variables measured on the basis of sample data. We did not find a relationship between spikes or infections compared to the start date of the vaccination cycle; instead we observed a relationship between the value of the spike and the date of last immunization (considered as an active infection or fourth dose of vaccine) with a reduction in the values the further you go away Conclusion: The data of the study show that there is a correlation between the time elapsed between the last vaccination and the risk of getting sick. For this reason, the fourth recall represents a strong help to reduce this risk. We did not find any ranges we could refer to regarding the dosage of trimeric spike protein. Considering the positivity rate of infections that does not exceed the general vaccinated population and the absence of serious infectious symptoms with hospitalization, treatment with cyclin inhibitors appears to be a safe treatment even in a pandemic period. Last day immunization and spike with IA or fulvestrant Last day immunization and spike with IA or fulvestrant Citation Format: Filippo Giovanardi, Edoardo Carretto, Giancarlo Bisagni, Claudia Degli Esposti, Elisa Gasparini, Alessandra Bologna, Roberto Di Cicilia, Gabriella Moretti, Carmine Pinto. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor in advanced breast cancer during the COVID pandemic period: efficacy in relation to vaccination for SARS-COV 19 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-04.

An increasing amount of literature revealed a link between GD and ASD. Both GD and ASD are complex and heterogeneous conditions characterized by a large variety of presentations. Studies have reported that individuals with GD tend to have higher prevalence rates of autistic traits in comparison to the general population. The purpose of this commentary is to provide, through the description of a clinical case, our reading and a possible interpretation of the correlation of these two conditions in light of the several methodological limitations found in literature. We hypothesize that the traits often classified as autistic could be more accurately related to the distress and discomfort evoked by GD. The autistic traits of individuals with GD as forms of psychological defenses and coping mechanisms aimed at dealing with socio-relational and identity problems are discussed.

This paper deals with the geological mapping of the late-Variscan Sàrrabus pluton, (south-eastern Sardinia), a shallow multiple and composite igneous complex dominated by several generations of granodiorites, metaluminous and peraluminous granites and repeated pulses of mantle-derived mafic magmas. The map has been compiled based on geological surveys at 1:10,000 and 1:5,000 scales, assisted by in situ gamma-ray spectrometry and detailed petrographic investigations. Granite-related ore deposits have been also reported. The emplacement age of the pluton can be constrained by U/Pb dating on zircons of Cala Regina granodiorite, yielding an age of 286 ± 9 Ma. The resulting scenario documents a bimodal magmatism controlled by an EW trending shear zone, followed by the shallower emplacement of several pulses of independent granite magmas.

While optical fibers display excellent performances in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet ranges remain poorly addressed by them. Obtaining better fibers for the short-wavelength range has been restricted, in all fiber optics, by scattering processes. In hollow-core fibers, the scattering loss arises from the core roughness and represents the limiting factor in reducing their loss regardless of the fiber cladding confinement power. To attain fibers performing at short wavelengths, it is paramount developing means to minimize the height variations on the fiber microstructure boundaries. Here, we report on the reduction of the core surface roughness of hollow-core fibers by modifying their fabrication technique. In the novel process proposed herein, counter directional gas fluxes are applied within the fiber holes during fabrication to attain an increased shear rate on its microstructure. The effect of the process on the surface roughness has been quantified by optical profilometry and the results showed that the root-mean-square surface roughness has been reduced from 0.40 nm to 0.15 nm. The improvement in the fiber core surface quality entailed fibers with ultralow loss in the short-wavelength range. We report on fibers with record loss values as low as 50 dB/km at 290 nm, 9.7 dB/km at 369 nm, 5.0 dB/km at 480 nm, and 1.8 dB/km at 719 nm. The results reveal this new approach as a promising path for the development of hollow-core fibers guiding at short wavelengths with loss that can potentially be orders of magnitude lower than the ones achievable with their silica-core counterparts.

We report the synthesis and characterization, in low polarity solvents, of a novel class of diametric phosphine gold(I) cavitands characterized by a 1,2,3-alternate geometry. Preliminary catalytic studies were performed on a model cycloisomerization of 1,6-enynes as a function of the relative orientation of the bonded gold(I) nuclei with respect to the macrocyclic cavity.

The construct of epistemic trust has received much consideration in recent psychological literature, even though mainly from a theoretical perspective. The overall aim of this study was to validate the first self-report measure of epistemic trust–the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ)–in an Italian sample. Our primary goal was to test the factorial validity of the instrument, also exploring the influence of age, gender, and level of education on epistemic trust (Study 1, n = 843). Secondarily, we investigated the associations between epistemic trust, mistrust, credulity, and other aspects of psychological functioning, as well as with the presence of adverse childhood experiences in a smaller number of participants (Study 2, n = 445). Besides the ETMCQ, the survey included an ad hoc questionnaire investigating socio-demographic characteristics and self-report measures of reflective functioning, mentalized affectivity, traumatic experiences, attachment, and psychological symptoms. Statistical analysis showed a three-factor hierarchical structure similar to the model proposed in the original validation, with some differences that suggest an influence of cultural factors in determining individuals’ epistemic stance. Our results corroborate previous theoretical contributions regarding the association between epistemic trust and psychological wellbeing, and between epistemic disruptions and higher levels of psychological suffering. Both Mistrust and Credulity were significantly related to the presence of childhood traumatic experiences, attachment avoidance and anxiety, lower levels of mentalization, lower abilities in emotional regulation, and higher levels of psychopathological symptoms. The ETMCQ represents an easily administered and time-effective tool. Its use could pave the way for interesting clinical and theoretical findings.