Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302, West Bengal, India E-mail: ghangrekar@civil.iitkgp.ac.in Manuscript received online 30 November 2019, accepted 01 March 2020 Xenobiotics are man-made, non-biodegradable compounds present in the environment at higher concentrations than usual. Phenols, dyes, surfactants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals are some of the xenobiotics. These pollutants have an adverse effect on the environment because of their toxicity, complex structure and carcinogenic nature and are not efficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Researchers round the globe have demonstrated various physical and chemical methods for the treatment of xenobiotics. This mini-review focuses on the application of electrocoagulation for the removal of xenobiotics. Different operating parameters that affect the removal efficiency, the types of electrodes used and the treatment cost of xenobiotics are elaborated in this article.