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Additional file 1: Figure S1: Longitudinal temperature monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infected AGMs. Temperature was longitudinally monitored for all animals via surgically-implanted temperature loggers (see Materials and methods). Data shown for all animals begins 1 day prior to infection (− 1) and terminates in the morning of day 5 post-infection, when AGM-1, AGM-2, and AGM-3 were euthanized. Periods of elevated temperature are indicated in red. Arrows denote time of challenge.

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Additional file 2: Table S1: Clinical description and outcome of African green monkeys following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Days after SARS-CoV-2 challenge are in parentheses. All reported findings are in comparison to baseline (d0) values. Decreased appetite is defined as some food but not all food consumed from the previous day. Anorexia is defined as no food consumed from the previous day. Lymphocytopenia, monocytopenia, erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, eosinopenia, and basopenia are defined by a ≥ 35% drop in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, respectively. Lymphocytosis, monocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, and basophilia are defined by a 100% or greater increase in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils, respectively. Hyperglycemia is defined as a 100% or greater increase in levels of glucose. Hypoglycemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of glucose. Hypoalbuminemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of albumin. Hypoproteinemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of total protein. Hypoamylasemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of serum amylase. Hypocalcemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of serum calcium. Hypercapnia was defined as having a partial CO2 > 4 mmHg over d0 baseline values. (ALT) alanine aminotransferase, (AST) aspartate aminotransferase, (ALP) alkaline phosphatase, (CRE) Creatinine, (CRP) C-reactive protein, (Hct) hematocrit, (Hgb) hemoglobin.

Viral hemorrhagic fevers are associated with high rates of illness and death. Although therapeutic options are limited, early differential diagnosis has implications for containment and may aid in clinical management. We describe a diagnostic system for rapid, multiplex polymerase chain reaction identification of 10 different causes of viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Structural principles underlying the composition of protective antiviral monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails are poorly defined. Here, we exploited antibody cooperativity to develop a therapeutic mAb cocktail against Ebola virus (EBOV). Systematic analysis of antibody repertoire in the human survivors identified a pair of potently neutralizing mAbs that cooperatively bind to the ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP). High-resolution structures revealed that in a two-antibody cocktail, molecular mimicry was a major feature of mAb/GP interactions. Broadly neutralizing mAb rEBOV-520 targeted a conserved epitope on the GP base region. MAb rEBOV-548 bound to a glycan cap epitope, possessed neutralizing and Fc-mediated effector function activities, and potentiated neutralization by rEBOV-520. Remodeling of the glycan cap structures by the cocktail enabled enhanced GP binding and virus neutralization. The cocktail demonstrated high levels of effectiveness against EBOV in nonhuman primates. These data illuminate structural principles of antibody cooperativity with implications for the design and development of antiviral immunotherapeutics.

To facilitate rapid, unbiased, differential diagnosis of infectious diseases, we designed GreeneChipPm, a panmicrobial microarray comprising 29,455 sixty-mer oligonucleotide probes for vertebrate viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Methods for nucleic acid preparation, random primed PCR amplification, and labeling were optimized to allow the sensitivity required for application with nucleic acid extracted from clinical materials and cultured isolates. Analysis of nasopharyngeal aspirates, blood, urine, and tissue from persons with various infectious diseases confirmed the presence of viruses and bacteria identified by other methods, and implicated Plasmodium falciparum in an unexplained fatal case of hemorrhagic feverlike disease during the Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Angola in 2004-2005.

Additional file 2: Table S1: Clinical description and outcome of African green monkeys following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Days after SARS-CoV-2 challenge are in parentheses. All reported findings are in comparison to baseline (d0) values. Decreased appetite is defined as some food but not all food consumed from the previous day. Anorexia is defined as no food consumed from the previous day. Lymphocytopenia, monocytopenia, erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, eosinopenia, and basopenia are defined by a ≥ 35% drop in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, respectively. Lymphocytosis, monocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, and basophilia are defined by a 100% or greater increase in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils, respectively. Hyperglycemia is defined as a 100% or greater increase in levels of glucose. Hypoglycemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of glucose. Hypoalbuminemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of albumin. Hypoproteinemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of total protein. Hypoamylasemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of serum amylase. Hypocalcemia is defined by a ≥ 25% decrease in levels of serum calcium. Hypercapnia was defined as having a partial CO2 > 4 mmHg over d0 baseline values. (ALT) alanine aminotransferase, (AST) aspartate aminotransferase, (ALP) alkaline phosphatase, (CRE) Creatinine, (CRP) C-reactive protein, (Hct) hematocrit, (Hgb) hemoglobin.