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Las tendencias de gestión de conocimiento en emprendimientos sociales precisan la revisión sobre las formas de liderazgo en los territorios, a fin de caracterizar habilidades y aptitudes idóneas que den lugar a una cultura organizacional, las cuales relacionen el valor social con la efectiva solución de las necesidades en las comunidades. Por ende, el campo de investigación sobre emprendimientos sociales encuentra en los factores organizacionales un horizonte de compresión favorable. El objetivo del trabajo radica en evaluar el avance de la producción científica sobre la gestión del conocimiento en relación con dichas empresas híbridas durante los años 1995 y 2021. Como metodología, fueron revisadas tendencias en investigación, para lo cual se empleó un estudio bibliométrico y cienciométrico, con una muestra de 157 documentos recuperados de la base de datos Scopus. A partir de las leyes de Lotka, Pareto y De Solla Price, fueron desarrollados indicadores de cantidad, calidad e historia. Los resultados establecen como ámbitos de futuras investigaciones: la articulación de herramientas de la industria 4.0 y 5.0, la integración global de ecosistemas de emprendimiento, el incremento de inclusión y la diversidad, además del empoderamiento y posicionamiento en el entorno de las diversas comunidades identificadas como gestoras de soluciones a sus problemáticas particulares.

OBJETIVO: caracterizar los estudios de socioformación y artículos académicos orientados a la investigación científica del programa postgrado de neurociencia del Centro Universitario de Zacapa METODO: estudio descriptivo de corte retrospectivo transversal con enfoque analítico de 86 artículos realizados por los maestrandos de neurociencia con énfasis en neurocognición RESULTADOS: se realizó el análisis de 86 artículos científicos encontrando que la totalidad de estudiantes que corresponden a 97 maestrandos se formaron en investigación científica por medio de cursos de redacción de artículos científicos, análisis de base de datos, elaboración de proyectos; obteniendo asesoría personalizada por estudio y arbitraje interno por el comité de bioética. Publicando durante 18 meses 86 artículos siendo 44 ensayos y 38 estudios de investigación científica con base a las líneas de investigación del programa. CONCLUSIÓN: el programa de neurociencia con base a los artículos publicados beneficio con 86 proyectos socioformativos a centros de rehabilitación, instituciones hospitalarias y dependencias de salud, universidades del país, proyectos dirigidos a las redes sociales. instituciones educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales y pueblos indígenas.

El cuerpo femenino se ha visto permeado por diferentes ideas y discursos que han designado cómo debe ser y verse; llevando incluso a que se le destinen modelos para moverse, expresarse y comportarse. En la actualidad, el cuerpo femenino es atravesado por la influencia y la normativa de los medios de comunicación, la familia, la sociedad, la cultura, la economía, la política, y el contexto educativo no debe desconocerlo. Por esto, resulta necesario fijarse en la manera en que dichos discursos se disponen en lo educativo, llevando a un interés por conocer la interpretación de las estudiantes sobre aquello que dicen de ellas o que refieren de sus compañeras, de acuerdo con las relaciones interpersonales que establecen y como éstas en ocasiones se ven influenciadas por discursos socioculturales enfocados en el hombre y en una idea mercantil de la belleza. Lo anterior permite interrogarse como sociedad respecto a la forma en la que se han venido transmitiendo prototipos de belleza, de cuerpo femenino y diferentes modelos de movimiento, comportamiento y expresión con los que éste debe cumplir e incluso sobre aquellas atribuciones que se le han asignado como delicadeza, ternura, y sumisión; ya que estas expresiones e ideales afectan la autopercepción, la autoestima y la relación que las mujeres tienen con su propio cuerpo, y en ciertos casos no concuerda con los deseos, las aspiraciones y las posibilidades reales de las mujeres. Para esta investigación se tuvo como objetivo principal describir las percepciones que tienen del cuerpo femenino las estudiantes del grado 9 de la Institución Educativa La Piedad y sus afectaciones en el acto educativo para el año académico 2021, en la ciudad de Medellín; dejando como resultado la descripción de sentimientos de intimidación en las estudiantes por miradas y comentarios relacionados con la forma en cómo se arreglan, se comportan o se maquillan, observándose así discursos estereotipados sobre la feminidad.

Introduction: Compassionate Mindfulness (APC, according to the term in Spanish) is defined as the awareness that arises through paying attention to the present moment, without judging experiences and generating actions motivated by the aspiration to free oneself and others from suffering. Currently the effectiveness of this type of treatment has gained relevance in the context of nicotine addiction treatment. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention based on APC as a treatment for smoking cessation in the Mexican population. Method: a randomized clinical trial was implemented involving 62 people recruited from a specialized smoking cessation clinic in Mexico City. These people were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: the control group received the treatment provided regularly at the clinic, while the experimental group received an APC-based treatment. Results: at the end of the treatment, participants who received the APC-based treatment were more likely to quit smoking (OR = 4.33, p .025, IC 95% 1.2-15) and they also displayed greater benefits to their mental health in some of the variables evaluated. Discussion and conclusion: APC is an effective intervention for smoking cessation in Mexican patients, since it has important benefits to the patient’s general mental health, and it is important to continue exploring its effects on both the maintenance of abstinence and relapse of tobacco consumption.

— Physical implementations of cryptographic algorithms are vulnerable to so-called side-channel attacks, in which sensitive information can be recovered through the analysis of the leakages produced by the operating device. In the particular case of block ciphers, substitution boxes are often the target of such attacks, as they are the main nonlinear component of the cipher. Literature survey contains some definitions of theoretical properties to measure the resistance provided by substitution boxes with respect to the imminent threat of side-channel attacks. The fundamental questions we board in this paper are: are all these properties related? And if so, what can we tell of their relation? We pretend to bring some clarification to this subject using some well-known side-channel related properties of S-box.

Background: Many Mexican Ternstroemia species mainly inhabit the tropical montane cloud forest. These species have been misidentified in herbaria due to their morphological resemblance. Question: Are there foliar anatomical and micromorphological characters with diagnostic value that allow discriminating between the Mexican species of Ternstroemia? Study species: Ternstroemia sylvatica Schltdl. & Cham., and T. lineata DC. subsp. lineata (Pentaphylacaceae Engl.), 2018-2019. Study site and date: Tropical montane cloud forests at the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Sierra Madre Oriental. Methods: Botanical specimens were collected and removed from herbarium sheets. The leaves were prepared through cleared, dehydration and paraffin inclusion techniques to observe and describe them. Results: The Ternstroemia species showed specific features of plants in humid environments, such as thin cuticle, mesophyll with scarce parenchyma palisade, and abundant intercellular spaces in the spongy parenchyma, and specific pigments that help to capture light and serve as protection. The species share a festooned broquidodromous venation pattern, anomocytic stomata, and closed collateral vascular bundle surrounded by perivascular fibers. Both species are differentiated by leaf shape, abundance of collenchyma layers, lenght of palisade parenchyma, and number of stomata per square millimeter on the abaxial surface. Conclusions: We support and validate some features recorded for Ternstroemia species and reject some previous generalizations made worldwide to the genus. This research is the first attempt to study anatomy, architecture, and foliar micromorphology of Mexican Pentaphylacaceae.

La ausencia de maestros en la etapa de Educación Infantil sigue siendo una realidad en la mayoría de los colegios. Y es que la consabida feminización de la profesión docente es persistente y no se ve amenazada por medidas institucionales, ni propuestas académicas que promuevan la incorporación de hombres al magisterio. En este artículo se presentan datos cualitativos obtenidos a partir de entrevistas estructuradas a trece maestros. Se les preguntó por su decisión de cursar el Grado en Educación Infantil y por sus primeras vivencias en la universidad (todos ellos estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla, España). El análisis de contenido realizado muestra una elección decidida, con referencias frecuentes a su afinidad con la infancia y sus deseos de mejorar la educación. Se sintieron arropados por sus familiares y, en ocasiones, cuestionados por sus amistades. La incorporación a la universidad fue gratificante, en pocos días superaron la incomodidad de ser prácticamente los únicos chicos del grupo clase. De todas formas, ni la toma de decisiones ni los inicios estuvieron exentos de prejuicios e incertidumbres. Este trabajo propone pautas de actuación para la formación inicial con la pretensión de identificar y abordar las necesidades de este colectivo de estudiantes. Se subraya la urgencia de avanzar en esta línea de investigación a fin de conocer con más amplitud y profundidad esta situación y avanzar en las pertinentes actuaciones.

About 2022, studies on environmental conditions inside classrooms have increased because they are related to well-being, performance, and student productivity in terms of concentration, attention, and learning during school hours. Assessing the conditions of the educational space once inhabited can be fundamental to identifying environmental adjustments that could improve achievement in learning through design strategies in school facilities in the locality. The evaluation of the thermal and luminic conditions of three classrooms designed to function with natural ventilation, in two buildings of the Universidad Autónoma of Baja California, in Tijuana, Mexico, during the cold-warm transition period is presented. Physical measurements of environmental indicators were made, including temperature, relative humidity, and daylight. A total of 181 students completed the environmental survey questionnaires. This study aimed to evaluate the interior environmental space conditions and determine the influence on occupants' comfort. Results showed that more than 50% of the students were in a thermal discomfort situation when the temperature was out of the range of 19.7°C -27.7° C, consistent with the application of the ASHRAE Adaptative Comfort Zones. Daylight values were below the minimum required of 300 Lux for educational classroom specificity in [1, 2] of the three classrooms. Building's orientations, West and South registered illuminance values that could produce glare and increase thermal discomfort due to high solar radiation. The results confirmed the close relationship between environmental conditions and students' comfort in classrooms.

This study aimed to review recent evidence on conservative non-surgical options for erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. A narrative review of the literature was performed. A comprehensive search in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases was done. Papers in English language, published from May 2017 until May 2022, were included. Papers reporting basic research or animal research were excluded, as long as reviews or meta-analyses. Congress reports, clinical cases, or clinical trials protocols with no results were also excluded.We found a multitude of different treatment modalities for ED. We must take into account the type of patient, their comorbidities, the origin of their ED, and its severity in order to reproduce effective results using these therapies. Some of the treatments show good results with a good level of evidence (new IPDE5 formulations, intracavernous injections, shock wave therapy, hormonal theraphy, psycho-sexual theraphy). However, others (some new molecules, stem cell theraphy, platelet-rich plasma injections, oxygenation-based therapy, nutraceuticals), although some of them present promising results, require randomized studies with a larger number of patients and a longer follow-up time to be able to establish firm recommendations. Regarding the conservative treatment of erectile dysfunction, in recent years, some therapies have been consolidated as effective and safe for certain types of patients. On the other hand, other treatment modalities, although promising, still lack the evidence and the necessary follow-up to be recommended in daily practice.

En el presente artículo presentamos parte de las conclusiones de una investigación orientada a contrastar algunas consideraciones planteadas en fuentes históricas sobre la posible filiación cultural y/o política de los habitantes del sitio de Totolapa durante el Posclásico tardío y el periodo Colonial temprano, a partir de materiales arqueológicos. A la par de analizar el papel del sitio de Totolapa en la dinámica regional de la porción noreste de la Depresión Central y su relación con Los Altos de Chiapas.

La globalización ha provocado una competencia en el nivel económico, cultural, social y académico, que ha llevado a las instituciones educativas de nivel superior, a considerar la movilidad como parte del desarrollo del capital humano para mantenerse actualizados, obteniendo herramientas alternas como formadores de los futuros profesionistas. El objetivo del presente es conocer la importancia de la movilidad internacional para el desarrollo del capital humano docente de la Unidad Académica de Contaduría y Administración (UACyA) de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit (UAN). En la investigación se utilizó una metodología de enfoque mixto, donde se presentan los resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos de una encuesta realizada a través de formularios en línea; que permiten conocer la opinión de los docentes participantes con respecto a la importancia de la internacionalización de la educación superior. Obteniendo como resultado que la movilidad internacional de los docentes es importante para el desarrollo del capital humano por medio de la creación de redes de investigación e intercambio académico, que sirven para la inclusión de los futuros profesionistas al campo laboral y su vinculación social, viéndose beneficiada la unidad académica y la propia universidad, a través del capital social creado.

As there is now a growing interest in mHealth apps for cancer patients, we here present and test the Lalaby App to monitor lung cancer patients’ Quality of life (QoL) through mobile sensors and integrated questionnaires. The app was used in a 2-week study to register two lung cancer patients’ activity without problems or interruptions. The patients frequently reported activities, symptoms, and questionnaires, indicating their engagement with the app. They registered their experience through the UEQ-S integrated into the app. Patient 1 mainly reported a neutral experience, while Patient 2 found it highly positive. They considered the app leading-edge and helpful and would recommend it to others, while both patients valued it positively (3.72 and 4.64 on a scale of 1–5). The app’s aesthetics and its notifications helped their engagement. We found correlations between sensors’ data and patients’ QoL. We also detected QoL and functional status variations after treatment for both patients. After a “Tasks Test,” two oncologists assessed the app’s dashboard usability as excellent (SUS scores 85 and 87.5 on a 0–100 scale), easy-to-use and helpful. Their experience was positive (UEQ-S overall scale 2.81 (mean), −3 to +3 scale). The app allows monitoring the QoL of lung cancer patients remotely and in real-time while controlling patients’ experience to stop the use if necessary, avoiding overwhelm.

Background Stromal interaction molecule (STIM)/Orai calcium entry system appears to have a role in erectile dysfunction (ED) pathophysiology but its specific contribution to diabetic ED was not elucidated. Aim To evaluate STIM/Orai inhibition on functional alterations associated with diabetic ED in rat and human penile tissues and on in vivo erectile responses in diabetic rats. Methods Rat corpus cavernosum (RCC) strips from nondiabetic (No DM) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DM) rats and human penile resistance arteries (HPRA) and corpus cavernosum (HCC) from ED patients undergoing penile prosthesis insertion were functionally evaluated in organ chambers and wire myographs. Erectile function in vivo in rats was assessed by intracavernosal pressure (ICP) responses to cavernous nerve electrical stimulation (CNES). Expression of STIM/Orai elements in HCC was determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot. Main Outcome Measures Functional responses in RCC, HCC and HPRA and STIM/Orai protein expression in HCC. In vivo erectile responses to CNES. Results Inhibition of Orai channels with YM-58483 (20 µM) significantly reduced adrenergic contractions in RCC but more effectively in DM. Thromboxane-induced and neurogenic contractions were reduced by STIM/Orai inhibition while defective endothelial, neurogenic and PDE5 inhibitor-induced relaxations were enhanced by YM-58483 (10 µM) in RCC from DM rats. In vivo, YM-58483 caused erections and attenuated diabetes-related impairment of erectile responses. YM-58483 potentiated the effects of PDE5 inhibition. In human tissues, STIM/Orai inhibition depressed adrenergic and thromboxane-induced contractions in ED patients more effectively in those with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes was associated with increased expression of Orai1 and Orai3 in ED patients. Clinical Translation Targeting STIM/Orai to alleviate diabetes-related functional alterations of penile vascular tissue could improve erectile function and potentiate therapeutic effects of PDE5 inhibitors in diabetic ED. Strengths and Limitations Improving effects of STIM/Orai inhibition on diabetes-related functional impairment was evidenced in vitro and in vivo in an animal model and validated in human tissues from ED patients. Functional findings were complemented with expression results. Main limitation was low numbers of human experiments due to limited human tissue availability. Conclusions STIM/Orai inhibition alleviated alterations of functional responses in vitro and improved erectile responses in vivo in diabetic rats, potentiating the effects of PDE5 inhibition. STIM/Orai inhibition was validated as a target to modulate functional alterations of human penile vascular tissue in diabetic ED where Orai1 and Orai3 channels were upregulated. STIM/Orai inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome poor response to conventional ED therapy in diabetic patients.

Resumen La enfermedad de Kummel es una fractura-aplastamiento de un cuerpo vertebral precedida por un traumatismo menor, cuya etiologia mas aceptada es la necrosis avascular. Es mas frecuente en individuos con factores de riesgo como osteoporosis o tratamiento prolongado con corticoides. Inicialmente, suele presentar pruebas radiologicas normales y un periodo asintomatico, con aparicion progresiva del dolor junto a probable cifosis y signo del vacio o absceso liquido en las pruebas radiologicas, pudiendo llegar a crear compromiso nervioso/medular. Presentamos el caso de un varon de 76 anos que ingresa en nuestro centro para el diagnostico diferencial de una lesion unica vertebral; tras la realizacion de las pruebas de imagen y biopsia se llega al diagnostico definitivo de enfermedad de Kummel. El diagnostico de confirmacion de esta enfermedad se alcanza mediante la biopsia vertebral, pero dada su naturaleza invasiva, las tecnicas de imagen toman un papel relevante. En relacion con las pruebas de imagen metabolicas, la gammagrafia osea ha demostrado ser una de las herramientas mas sensibles para detectar isquemia en fases mas tempranas o para conocer si afecta a otras localizaciones. El rastreo corporal de cuerpo completo con difosfonatos muestra un aumento de actividad en relacion con la actividad osea remodelativa en este cuadro. El estudio de tres fases permite diferenciar si se trata de un proceso agudo/subagudo o cronico, lo que influye en la decision terapeutica. Es importante el conocimiento de esta enfermedad para realizar diagnostico diferencial con patologia tumoral o infecciosa e insistir en la realizacion de pruebas de imagen ante la persistencia del dolor con una placa inicial normal.

Background High-grade glioma (HGG) patients present with variable impairment in neurocognitive function (NCF). Based on that, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild-type HGGs are more aggressive than IDH1 mutant-type ones, we hypothesized that patients with IDH1 wild-type HGG would exhibit more severe NCF deficits than their IDH1 mutant counterparts. Methods NCF was assessed by Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span (DS), and Controlled Word Association Test (COWAT) tests in 147 HGG patients preoperatively. Results Analyses between IDH1 groups revealed a significant difference on MMSE concentration component (p ≤ .01), DS (p ≤ .01), TMTB (p ≤ .01), and COWAT (p ≤ .01) scores, with the IDH1 wild group performing worse than the IDH1 mutant one. Age and tumor volume were inversely correlated with MMSE concentration component (r = −4.78, p < .01), and with MMSE concentration (r = −.401, p < .01), TMTB (r = −.328, p < .01), and COWAT phonemic scores (r = −.599, p < .01), respectively, but only for the IDH1 wild-type group. Analyses between age-matched subsamples of IDH1 groups revealed no age effect on NCF. Tumor grade showed nonsignificance on NCF (p > .05) between the 2 IDH1 mutation subgroups of grade IV tumor patients. On the contrary, grade III group showed a significant difference in TMTB (p < .01) and DS backwards (p < .01) between IDH1 subgroups, with the mutant one outperforming the IDH1 wild one. Conclusions Our findings indicate that IDH1 wild-type HGG patients present greater NCF impairment, in executive functions particularly, compared to IDH1 mutant ones, suggesting that tumor growth kinetics may play a more profound role than other tumor and demographic parameters in clinical NCF of HGG patients.

Sometimes, contact with the natural environment is not commonly present at school. Often, students are involved in activities considering distant environments which do not correspond to the reality of the environment in which they live. The aim of this research is to find out whether kindergarten aged children who live in the Natural Park of the Albufera in Valencia (Spain), have a feeling of belonging and perceive this characteristic natural space as part of their environment. An activity was proposed to the students in which they had to draw nearby places of their liking. From the analysis of these artworks, six thematic categories were established, two of them corresponding to a perception of the natural environment. Other subcategories also emerged during the analysis process. The results obtained seem to indicate that children from the areas located in the Natural Park of the Albufera in Valencia, have difficulties in perceiving this natural space as an important part of their environment, despite the fact it is so closely linked to their lives.

Adequate measurement of the QT interval is of clinical importance in order to identify patients at higher risk for ventricular arrhythmias. Previous studies have described different methods to estimate baseline QT in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB). However, the evidence regarding the assessment of the QT in patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) is scarce.To analyze the feasibility and reliability of the different formulae described for LBBB in the estimation of the baseline QT in the presence of RBBB.We performed an observational study including patients who underwent electrophysiology study and/or ablation. Two types of RBBB were considered: 1) pacing-induced and 2) transient true RBBB. QRS, JT and QT intervals were measured during baseline and RBBB. Estimated QTc was calculated using LBBB formulae: Bogossian, Rautaharju, Tabatabaei, Tang-Rabkin, Yankelson, Wang. Linear correlation and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the reliability of these formulae for the estimation of baseline QTc.We finally included a total of 100 patients. Correlations between baseline and estimated QTc were strong (R 0.7) for all the formulae except for Tabatabaei. Yankelson and Wang showed the highest reliability (ICC = 0.775 and 0.727, respectively). Yankelson appeared to be the most accurate formula, with a mean estimated QTc closest to baseline values.Previously described formulae for LBBB exhibited marked differences regarding reliability in the estimation of the QTc interval in the presence of RBBB. According to our results, Yankelson showed the most consistent and accurate agreement in this setting.

Tomar decisões criticamente fundamentadas entre o que podemos fazer e o que devemos evitar, ou o que é melhor fazer quando surgem alguns dilemas, é crucial para o discernimento ético e político. A legitimidade das decisões humanas sobre as aplicações da ciência e da tecnologia para promover a vida, a saúde e o bem-estar dos povos é possível graças à cooperação internacional e à protecção do direito como instrumento de protecção e garantia do bem comum, da dignidade e bens fundamentais da pessoa, isto é, o que chamamos de direitos humanos. A Bioética Global propõe uma articulação adequada entre as questões bioéticas e os direitos humanos como paradigma ético universal que deve ser levado em consideração nas decisões, públicas e privadas, no campo das ciências da vida e da saúde. O desafio ético e político é saber como equilibrar o interesse legítimo da indústria por lucros e o desenvolvimento econômico com inovação científica e tecnológica prudente e para o bem das pessoas e comunidades. O reconhecimento mútuo está na base da relação que nos permite dar a cada um o que é seu e promover a convivência pacífica na nossa casa comum. Se realizada de acordo com os imperativos morais de solidariedade e justiça, atentando para a minimização das distâncias entre pobres e ricos e entre as regiões Norte e Sul Global, a ciência e a tecnologia contribuirão para o desenvolvimento humano de forma eficaz e eticamente sustentável.Palavras-chave: Bioética; Direitos Humanos; Desenvolvimento Sustentável

OBJETIVO: describir la educación superior en modalidad virtual desde una visión estratégica de la educación compleja para el constructo del conocimiento. MÉTODO: construcción teórica con base a reflexiones y revisión bibliográfica. RESULTADOS: la educación virtual ha realizado aportes significativos desde el contexto de la complejidad con base epistémica y pedagógica dando apertura al uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación siendo estas el fundamento para los procesos metodológicos en la virtualidad y la formación de diseños curriculares para la comunidad digital con el fin primordial de potencializar el conocimiento y promover la investigación en educación. CONCLUSIÓN: la educación virtual desde el contexto epistemológico integra cambios radicales en las competencias a partir de modelos integrales, brindado soluciones a problemas reales del constructo actitudinal y social para la socioformación mediante la complejidad y la investigación desde los inicios de la historia hasta la actualidad.

Since 2015, the invasive alga Rugulopteryx okamurae has explosively burst into the waters of the Strait of Gibraltar with serious repercussions on marine biodiversity, tourism and the fishing industry. Its elimination entails an enormous cost for the municipalities in the area and vermicomposting is proposed as a solution, but the anti-food secondary metabolites of the algae make it unfeasible. This work analyzed for the first time the bioremediation of this toxic algae using vermicomposting (Dendrobaena veneta and Eisenia fetida), blatticomposting (Eublaberus spp. “Ivory”), mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens). Both BSFL composting and blatticomposting are viable alternatives, as the toxics in the algae do not affect the long-term survival, growth or reproduction of these invertebrates. All other tested species do not resist consumption of R. okamurae. In parallel, a synthesis of current knowledge on marine macroalgae composting has been carried out. The results of this work will allow the use of insect farms in the upwelling areas that will eliminate algae, providing fertilizers and animal proteins that will be an economic aid to the municipalities in the affected coasts of southern Mediterranean Spain. Graphical Abstract

This paper analyzes the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social impact within the oil industry in an emerging market (Peru). Following the emerging literature on the social impact field, and using the case study methodology, the findings show that the expected positive relationship is diverse depending on several factors. Specifically, the results reveal that companies must focus on community and environmental responsibility, together with stakeholders' involvement to achieve social impact. However, when companies are weak in any of the previous factors, then the social impact is only partially accepted or even withdrawn.

Objetivo: analizar la distribución espaciotemporal de la cromoblastomicosis en Manicaragua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Método: durante el periodo 2008-2015 se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en una población de 19 muestras positivas a la enfermedad, diagnosticadas por los servicios médicos provinciales de Microbiología y Anatomía patológica. Resultados: no se detectó conglomerado espaciotemporal verdadero en Manicaragua 2008-2015, pero si un exceso de casos (19) con respecto a los esperados (1,8); una tasa de incidencia promedio anual de 1,4 por 100 000 habitantes, muy superior a la tasa provincial (0,4 por 100 000 habitantes) y riesgo de enfermar 5,4 veces más en ese periodo de tiempo y municipio que con respecto a otros años y municipios de la provincia. Discusión: se diagnosticaron las especies Fonsecaea pedrosoi y Cladophialophora carrionii en dos muestras solamente. Conclusiones: el municipio constituyó un área geográfica de alto riesgo en la provincia, y al menos dos agentes etiológicos conocidos fueron causa de la enfermedad durante el período estudiado.

Healthcare workers (HCW) have been the professional category most exposed to SARS-CoV-2. The pandemic’s impact on HCW was analyzed in terms of COVID-19-related temporary disability (TD) between February 15 2020 and May 1 2021. TDs in HCW for COVID-19 infection or quarantine were described. TD quarantine/infection ratios and TDs per 100,000 affiliated HCW were compared with the cumulative incidence (CI) of COVID-19 cases notified to the National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance. TDs rates by economic activity and occupation were computed. A total of 429,127 TDs were recorded, 36,6% for infection. Three-quarters (76%) were women. The median TD quarantine/infection ratio was 2.5 (Interquartile range [IQR] 1.5-3.9). TDs rates in HCW were always above the CI except for the last two months of the fourth wave. Hospital activities accounted for 84% of TDs and showed the highest TD rate for infection (8,279/100,000). The highest TDs rates were registered among Nursing assistants, Nursing professionals and Physicians: 7,426, 6,925 and 5,508/100,000, respectively. The results demonstrate the high impact of COVID-19 on HCW in Spain and it’s inequalities. They also confirm that TDs represent a complementary source of information for epidemiological and public health surveillance and could provide an early warning of new emerging infections.

Background Aim of the present study is to investigate whether preoperative neurocognitive status is prognostically associated with overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Methods Ninety patients with dominant-hemisphere IDH-wildtype GBM were assessed by Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B parts and Control Word Association Test (COWAT) phonemic and semantic subtests. Demographics, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), tumor parameters, type of surgery and adjuvant therapy data were available for patients. Results According to Cox proportional hazards model the neurocognitive variables of TMT B (p Conclusions Our study demonstrates that neurocognitive status at baseline -prior to treatment- is an independent prognostic factor for OS in wildtype GBM patients, adding another prognostic tool to assist physicians in selecting the best treatment plan.

Background Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and KRAS mutations have a poor prognosis, seemingly dependent on the location of the mutation. This multicenter, retrospective, cohort study assessed the frequency and prognostic value of specific KRAS mutation codon locations in mCRC patients, and survival outcomes in relation to treatment. Materials and Methods Data from mCRC patients treated in 10 Spanish hospitals between January 2011 and December 2015 were analyzed. The main objective was to investigate (1) the impact of KRAS mutation location on overall survival (OS), and (2) the effect of targeted treatment plus metastasectomy and primary tumor location on OS in patients with KRAS mutations. Results The KRAS mutation location was known for 337/2002 patients. Of these, 177 patients received chemotherapy only, 155 received bevacizumab plus chemotherapy, and 5 received anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy plus chemotherapy; 94 patients underwent surgery. The most frequent KRAS mutation locations were G12A (33.8%), G12D (21.4%), and G12V (21.4%). Compared with other locations, patients with a G12S mutation had the shortest median OS (10.3 [95% CI, 2.5-18.0] months). OS was longer in patients who underwent surgery versus those who did not, with a trend toward prolonged survival with bevacizumab (median OS 26.7 [95% CI, 21.8-31.7] months) versus chemotherapy alone (median OS 23.2 [95% CI, 19.4-27.0] months). Conclusion These findings confirm that KRAS mutation location may predict survival outcomes in patients with mCRC, and suggest that pre-/post-operative bevacizumab plus metastasectomy provides survival benefits in patients with KRAS mutations.

The limpet (Patella ferruginea), endemic to the western Mediterranean, is the most endangered intertidal mollusk listed in the Habitats Directive (EU). The translocation methodology of this species is a scientific challenge faced by those port infrastructures – where there are established breeding subpopulations - that may be subject to emergency works, restoration, or extension of breakwaters. This study presents the results of an innovative two-phase pilot project (P1A/B and P2), involving the legally authorized translocation of individuals of this species obtained in three relocation experiments in the Marina of Puerto José Banús (Málaga) in July 2021 (phase 1: P1A and B) and May 2022 (phase 2: P2) (study period: July 2021-October 2022). The specimens translocated in both phases were from the same port except for those of P1B, which came from the Marbella Marina as an exceptional case. These translocations were undertaken on concrete breakwater tetrapod units. We show that the somewhat forced, slow and unregulated extraction of specimens to be translocated during the first experiment of the P1A pilot project was the main cause of mortality, as it generated an important exhaustion of the fixation musculature, which resulted in a low survival (66%) after the first month of transfer, whereas during the same period of time. In the subsequent experiments (where the problem was methodologically corrected, a fast extraction technique -less than 5 seconds-, regulated and without injuries), in P1B was 100%, in P2 with cage was 93.3%, and, in P2 without cage it was 83.3%, which reflected an improvement in translocation methodology. The results of this research are compared according to the descriptors of success and failure of each protocol in order to observe the differences and thus enable their replicability.

El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar las dos versiones que componen el paradigma de la realpolitik, con miras a revelar cuál de ellas posee mayor oportunidad de adaptación para explicar los Conflictos Armados No Internacionales (CANI), que se han reconfigurado desde 1989. Ante ello, se sostiene la hipótesis de que la versión neo de la realpolitik de Waltz ofrece un abordaje más integral para analizar la dinámica de los CANI reconfigurados que la versión clásica de la realpolitik de Morgenthau. Ya que su implementación de los tres niveles sistémicos y sus conceptos renovados de actor, interés y poder permiten analizar con mayor apertura las causas, el desarrollo y las consecuencias de estos enfrentamientos. Para comprobar su alcance teórico se examinará desde el neorrealismo político el ejemplo particular de la Segunda Guerra Civil de la República Democrática del Congo o RDC (1998-2003). El artículo se divide en tres partes. La primera expondrá los conceptos más relevantes de la investigación. La segunda buscará construir un marco teórico necesario para analizar el objeto de estudio. Y la tercera pondrá en práctica lo aprendido en el CANI seleccionado. Todo ello permitirá exponer las virtudes y las limitaciones de la realpolitik con respecto a los cambios producidos en la dinámica armada, propondrá renovar el paradigma acorde con un análisis más abierto y flexible para estudiar las disputas actuales y, finalmente, ayudará a brindar la información necesaria sobre cómo apaciguar el conflicto que aún sufre la RDC.

En este artículo se analizó el concepto de memoria histórica en el marco de las recientes controversias entre el Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica y las medidas cautelares decretadas por la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP) sobre los archivos del Museo Nacional de la Memoria en aras de proteger su modificación o alteración. Para lograr el análisis se realizó una breve descripción de la relación memoria y conflicto; seguidamente, se acudió a una definición de memoria histórica en el marco de la justicia transicional; posterior a ello, se interpretó el papel de los Centros de Memoria bajo la óptica del derecho internacional, su concepción como patrimonio cultural e intangible de la humanidad; por último, se planteó la idea de la Cláusula general de inmutabilidad material de los Centros de Memoria.

This paper aims to understand the higher education teachers’ perspectives facing the necessity to adopt a full online learning methodology brought by COVID-19 pandemic situation. For this, we carried out a quantitative study by means of an online survey of teachers at the University of Valladolid, belonging to different categories and areas of knowledge. The aspects dealt with were, a) the tools used for teaching and evaluation, b) the perception of the teacher's previous preparation, c) the personal assessment of the work carried out, and d) the limitations observed in the development of teaching activity. The main conclusions include the high number of teachers who had never taught online, the feeling of unease when faced with an unknown scenario, the excessive stress derived from the need to transfer teaching to an unknown scenario, the excessive use of transmission of contents via virtual campus, the perception of ICT as mere assistants of the teaching-learning process or the excessive concern for plagiarism linked to the evaluation via exam.

Este trabajo presenta la investigación realizada en una universidad pública andaluza, cuyo objetivo principal era conocer las debilidades y las fortalezas que encuentra el alumnado en la formación inicial del Grado en Educación de Primaria, concretamente en el Practicum. Para lograr dicho objetivo se optó por una metodología mixta desarrollada en dos fases. En la primera fase utilizamos la metodología cuantitativa, concretamente un cuestionario de elaboración propia, que fue pasado a todo el alumnado que cursaba el Grado en Educación Primaria en dicha universidad, obteniendo una muestra de N=353. En la segunda fase empleamos una metodología cualitativa, recogiendo la información por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a 18 sujetos. Los resultados evidencian que el Practicum es considerado una fortaleza en la formación inicial docente por el aprendizaje experiencial que adquiere el alumnado durante su realización, aunque sea escasa la relación teoría-practica, falte coordinación universidad-escuela y haya aspectos mejorables en cuanto a su organización.

In the molecular era, the Laurén system is still a cost-effective and widely implemented classification for gastric cancer (GC) and it has been recently associated with clinical, histological and molecular features of these tumors. Despite recent advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of GC, there is a need to develop new prognostic tools for patient stratification in clinical practice. Thus, the identification of easily available prognostic factors in patients with intestinal and diffuse-type tumors can significantly improve risk assessment and patient stratification in GC.To identify clinicopathological differences, risk factors, and to develop cost-effective prognostic scores for patients with intestinal and diffuse-type GC.Retrospective study of all patients undergoing surgery for GC at a tertiary referral center from 2001 to 2019. 286 cases met inclusion criteria (intestinal: 190, diffuse: 96). Clinical data and gross findings were collected. All specimens were reviewed by two independent pathologists and a detailed protocol for histologic evaluation was followed. Five tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed and sections of the TMA block were immunostained for HERCEPTEST, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2. Statistical analyses were performed and prognostic scores were developed based on hazard ratios.Intestinal and diffuse-type GC showed different epidemiological, clinicopathological and prognostic features. Diffuse tumors were significantly associated with younger age, less symptomatology, flat morphology, deeper invasion, perineural infiltration, advanced stage at diagnosis, administration of adjuvant therapy and poorer prognosis. Intestinal lesions were fungoid or polypoid, showed necrosis, desmoplasia, microsatellite instability and HERCEPTEST positivity and were diagnosed at earlier stages. Tumor depth, desmoplasia, macroscopic type and lymph node involvement were independently related to the Laurén subtype. Furthermore, intestinal and diffuse GC were associated with different risk factors for progression and death. Vascular invasion, perineural infiltration and growth pattern were important prognostic factors in intestinal-type GC. On the contrary, tumor size and necrosis were significant prognosticators in diffuse-type GC. Our recurrence and cancer-specific death scores for patients with intestinal and diffuse-type GC showed an excellent patient stratification into three (diffuse GC) or four (intestinal) prognostic groups.Our findings support that Laurén subtypes represent different clinicopathological and biological entities. The development of specific prognostic scores is a useful and cost-effective strategy to improve risk assessment in GC.

Finalizada la guerra contra el rey Picrochole, Gargantúa recompensó espléndi­damente a sus victoriosos combatientes. De ellos, el auténtico héroe de la contienda había sido el ardiente fray Jean des Entommeures, quien sólo en defensa de su abadía de Seuillé había conseguido eliminar a trece mil seiscientos veintidós enemigos, sin contar las mujeres y los niños.

En este artículo se analiza la evolución del sector suroeste de la muralla malagueña, limitado a poniente por el Castillo de San Lorenzo y al este por la Puerta de los Siete Arcos. De gran importancia militar y económica hasta finales del siglo XVIII, cuando se inició su proceso de desaparición, dicho espacio comprendía cons­trucciones tan destacadas como las Puertas de Espartería y del Mar, la antigua Aduana y las Atarazanas.

En el siglo XIX, los Ayuntamientos controlaban el proceso construc­tivo por medio de las ordenanzas municipales, en las cuales que­daban minuciosamente detallados todos los trámites que un particu­lar debía seguir a la hora de construir o reparar su vivienda.