1. Covid and Cardiovascular Diseases: Direct and Indirect Damages and Future Perspective
- Author
-
Marco Biolcati, Alessandro Maloberti, Matteo Palazzini, Valentina Giani, Laura Garatti, Iside Cartella, Claudio Rossetti, Massimiliano Monticelli, Filippo Leidi, Giacomo Ruzzenenti, Cristina Giannattasio, Nicola Ughi, Enzo Grasso, Oscar Massimiliano Epis, Ruzzenenti, G, Maloberti, A, Giani, V, Biolcati, M, Leidi, F, Monticelli, M, Grasso, E, Cartella, I, Palazzini, M, Garatti, L, Ughi, N, Rossetti, C, Epis, O, and Giannattasio, C
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Myocarditis ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Coronaviru ,Myocarditi ,Inflammation ,Disease ,Review Article ,Acute myocardial infarction ,Cardiovascular ,Cardiovascular System ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Pharmacotherapy ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Myocardial infarction ,Intensive care medicine ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Vaccination ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Telemedicine ,Pulmonary embolism ,Coronavirus ,030104 developmental biology ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Damages ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection determines a disease that predominantly affects lungs. However the cytokines storms, determined by the huge immune response to the infection, could affect also other organs and apparatus such as heart and vessels. Beyond the acute inflammation itself also hypercoagulative status has been linked to SARSCoV-2 infection and this surely relates to the increase seen in prevalence of pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction. A number of cardiac abnormalities and pathologies have been observed, with special attention to cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial involvement. Furthermore, indirect damages determined by the reduction in acute and chronic cardiovascular care, results in a strong mortality and morbidity outcomes in cardiological patients. In this review we will summarise current knowledge on both direct and indirect cardiovascular damages determined by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemia.
- Published
- 2021