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IntroductionIn China and other Asian nations, Geum japonicum (GJ) is used as functional vegetables or as a type of folk medicine. Ellagic acid (EA) is one of the main active ingredients in GJ and has been utilized in food, cosmetics, and medicinal goods worldwide. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have gradually replaced organic solvents for efficient extraction of plant-derived active compounds due to its environmental protection, low toxicity, low solubility, reusability, etc.MethodsNADES with the highest EA yield was selected and the extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), the antioxidant activity of NADES extract was determined, and finally Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to explain the mechanism for the increase of EA yield in GJ.ResultsIn this work, several NADESs were tailored for the ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of EA from GJ, among which choline chloride-oxalic acid (ChCl:Oa) was the most effective. In optimal conditions, ChCl:Oa extract produced higher EA yields than common organic solvents including methanol, ethanol, and acetone. In vitro antioxidant experiments showed that ChCl:Oa extract had stronger DPPH radical scavenging ability than other solvent extracts. Mechanically, FT-IR results indicated that ChCl:Oa could form a hydrogen bonding with EA, which enhanced the stability of EA. Meanwhile, ChCl:Oa-UAE treatment could destroy the tissue structure of GJ, thereby improving EA yield.DiscussionIn conclusion, these results imply that the ChCl:Oa-UAE method might be an environmentally friendly approach for extracting EA from GJ.

Room layout estimation is a long-existing robotic vision task that benefits both environment sensing and motion planning. However, layout estimation using point clouds (PCs) still suffers from data scarcity due to annotation difficulty. As such, we address the semi-supervised setting of this task based upon the idea of model exponential moving averaging. But adapting this scheme to the state-of-the-art (SOTA) solution for PC-based layout estimation is not straightforward. To this end, we define a quad set matching strategy and several consistency losses based upon metrics tailored for layout quads. Besides, we propose a new online pseudo-label harvesting algorithm that decomposes the distribution of a hybrid distance measure between quads and PC into two components. This technique does not need manual threshold selection and intuitively encourages quads to align with reliable layout points. Surprisingly, this framework also works for the fully-supervised setting, achieving a new SOTA on the ScanNet benchmark. Last but not least, we also push the semi-supervised setting to the realistic omni-supervised setting, demonstrating significantly promoted performance on a newly annotated ARKitScenes testing set. Our codes, data and models are released in this repository., Comment: Accepted to ICRA2023. Code: https://github.com/AIR-DISCOVER/Omni-PQ

Additional file 1.

Self-supervised depth estimation draws a lot of attention recently as it can promote the 3D sensing capabilities of self-driving vehicles. However, it intrinsically relies upon the photometric consistency assumption, which hardly holds during nighttime. Although various supervised nighttime image enhancement methods have been proposed, their generalization performance in challenging driving scenarios is not satisfactory. To this end, we propose the first method that jointly learns a nighttime image enhancer and a depth estimator, without using ground truth for either task. Our method tightly entangles two self-supervised tasks using a newly proposed uncertain pixel masking strategy. This strategy originates from the observation that nighttime images not only suffer from underexposed regions but also from overexposed regions. By fitting a bridge-shaped curve to the illumination map distribution, both regions are suppressed and two tasks are bridged naturally. We benchmark the method on two established datasets: nuScenes and RobotCar and demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on both of them. Detailed ablations also reveal the mechanism of our proposal. Last but not least, to mitigate the problem of sparse ground truth of existing datasets, we provide a new photo-realistically enhanced nighttime dataset based upon CARLA. It brings meaningful new challenges to the community. Codes, data, and models are available at https://github.com/ucaszyp/STEPS., Comment: Accepted by ICRA 2023, Code: https://github.com/ucaszyp/STEPS

In this paper, we study the problem of semi-supervised 3D object detection, which is of great importance considering the high annotation cost for cluttered 3D indoor scenes. We resort to the robust and principled framework of selfteaching, which has triggered notable progress for semisupervised learning recently. While this paradigm is natural for image-level or pixel-level prediction, adapting it to the detection problem is challenged by the issue of proposal matching. Prior methods are based upon two-stage pipelines, matching heuristically selected proposals generated in the first stage and resulting in spatially sparse training signals. In contrast, we propose the first semisupervised 3D detection algorithm that works in the singlestage manner and allows spatially dense training signals. A fundamental issue of this new design is the quantization error caused by point-to-voxel discretization, which inevitably leads to misalignment between two transformed views in the voxel domain. To this end, we derive and implement closed-form rules that compensate this misalignment onthe-fly. Our results are significant, e.g., promoting ScanNet mAP@0.5 from 35.2% to 48.5% using 20% annotation. Codes and data will be publicly available., Comment: Code: https://github.com/AIR-DISCOVER/DQS3D

G protein–coupled receptors can signal through both G proteins and ß-arrestin2. For the µ-opioid receptor (MOR), early experimental evidence from a single study suggested that G protein signaling mediates analgesia and sedation, whereas ß-arrestin signaling mediates respiratory depression and constipation. Then, receptor mutations were used to clarify which residues interact with ligands to selectively regulate signals in a ligand-specific manner. However, there is no systematic study on how to determine these residues and clarify the molecular mechanism of their influence on signal pathways. We have therefore used molecular docking to predict the amino acid sites that affect the binding of ligands and MOR. Then, the corresponding sites were mutated to determine the effect of the structural determinant of MOR on Gi/o protein and ß-arrestin pathways. The pharmacological and animal behavioral experiments in combination with molecular dynamics simulations were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of key residues governing the signaling. Without affecting ligand binding to MOR, MORY7.43A attenuated the activation of both Gi/o protein and ß-arrestin signaling pathways stimulated by fentanyl, whereas it did not change these two pathways stimulated by morphine. Likewise, the activation peak time of extracellular regulated protein kinases was significantly prolonged at MORY7.43A compared with that at MORwildtype stimulated by fentanyl, but there was no difference stimulated by morphine. In addition, MORY7.43A significantly enhanced analgesia by fentanyl but not by morphine in the mice behavioral experiment. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulations showed that H6 moves toward the cellular membrane. H6 of the fentanyl–Y7.43A system moved outward more than that in the morphine–Y7.43A system. Y7.43 mutation disrupted hydrophobic interactions between W6.48 and Y7.43 in the fentanyl–Y7.43A system but not in the morphine–Y7.43A system. Our results have disclosed novel mechanisms of Y7.43 mutation affecting MOR signaling pathways. Y7.43 mutation reduced the activation of the Gi/o protein pathway and blocked the ß-arrestin2 recruitment, increased the H6 outward movement of MOR, and disrupted hydrophobic interactions. This may be responsible for the enhanced fentanyl analgesia. These findings are conducive to designing new drugs from the perspective of ligand and receptor binding, and Y7.43 is also expected to be a key site to structure optimization of synthesized compounds.

Taking the Yellow River Delta as a typical research area, we constructed a coastal agricultural TN and TP non-point source pollution estimating model by analyzing the relationship between the surface soil pollutant loss risks and the monitored pollutant flux into the sea. On this basis, TN and TP non-point source export coefficients of paddy fields, irrigated land, and dry land were calculated, and the verification showed that the estimated export coefficients were acceptable. In the study area, the TN and TP export coefficients into the sea of arable land were 18.33 kg·(hm

BackgroundArtificial intelligence has far surpassed previous related technologies in image recognition and is increasingly used in medical image analysis. We aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of the models based on deep learning or radiomics for lung cancer staging.MethodsStudies were systematically reviewed using literature searches from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Wanfang Database, according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies about the diagnostic accuracy of radiomics and deep learning, including the identifications of lung cancer, tumor types, malignant lung nodules and lymph node metastase, were included. After identifying the articles, the methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 checklist. We extracted the characteristic of each study; the sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC for lung cancer diagnosis were summarized for subgroup analysis.ResultsThe systematic review identified 19 eligible studies, of which 14 used radiomics models and 5 used deep learning models. The pooled AUROC of 7 studies to determine whether patients had lung cancer was 0.83 (95% CI 0.78–0.88). The pooled AUROC of 9 studies to determine whether patients had NSCLC was 0.78 (95% CI 0.73–0.83). The pooled AUROC of the 6 studies that determined patients had malignant lung nodules was 0.79 (95% CI 0.77–0.82). The pooled AUROC of the other 6 studies that determined whether patients had lymph node metastases was 0.74 (95% CI 0.66–0.82).ConclusionThe models based on deep learning or radiomics have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy for lung cancer staging.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-3-0167/, identifier: INPLASY202230167.

With decentralized optimization having increased applications in various domains ranging from machine learning, control, sensor networks, to robotics, its privacy is also receiving increased attention. Existing privacy-preserving approaches for decentralized optimization achieve privacy preservation by patching decentralized optimization with information-technology privacy mechanisms such as differential privacy or homomorphic encryption, which either sacrifices optimization accuracy or incurs heavy computation/communication overhead. We propose an inherently privacy-preserving decentralized optimization algorithm by exploiting the robustness of decentralized optimization to uncertainties in optimization dynamics. More specifically, we present a general decentralized optimization framework, based on which we show that privacy can be enabled in decentralized optimization by adding randomness in optimization parameters. We further show that the added randomness has no influence on the accuracy of optimization, and prove that our inherently privacy-preserving algorithm has $R$-linear convergence when the global objective function is smooth and strongly convex. We also rigorously prove that the proposed algorithm can avoid the gradient of a node from being inferable by other nodes. Numerical simulation results confirm the theoretical predictions.

Crustacyanin has the function of binding astaxanthin which is the best antioxidant, and plays an important role in the body color variation of crustaceans. To investigate the causes of body color variation of the ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda, the present study obtained four subtypes of crustacyanin gene: C1, C2, A1, and A2. Based on fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, lipocalin-C1 is mainly expressed in the eyestalk, lipocalin-C2 is in the ventral nerve cord, and lipocalin-A1 and lipocalin-A2 are in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Under the inhibiting effect of Cd2+ stress, the expression of four subtypes first increases and then decreases within 24 h, and reaches the maximum at 6 or 12 h. RNA interference experiments showed a decrease in the expression of lipocalin genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue for each subtype, with the body color changing from transparent to red, and the dark red spots on the epidermis changing to bright red. Moreover, the blue protein in the subcutaneous adipose tissue largely disappeared, based on the light micrographs. In view of these findings, the crustacyanin gene appears to fulfill some function in the resistance to heavy metal stress and body color formation of E. carinicauda.

The performance of nighttime semantic segmentation is restricted by the poor illumination and a lack of pixel-wise annotation, which severely limit its application in autonomous driving. Existing works, e.g., using the twilight as the intermediate target domain to perform the adaptation from daytime to nighttime, may fail to cope with the inherent difference between datasets caused by the camera equipment and the urban style. Faced with these two types of domain shifts, i.e., the illumination and the inherent difference of the datasets, we propose a novel domain adaptation framework via cross-domain correlation distillation, called CCDistill. The invariance of illumination or inherent difference between two images is fully explored so as to make up for the lack of labels for nighttime images. Specifically, we extract the content and style knowledge contained in features, calculate the degree of inherent or illumination difference between two images. The domain adaptation is achieved using the invariance of the same kind of difference. Extensive experiments on Dark Zurich and ACDC demonstrate that CCDistill achieves the state-of-the-art performance for nighttime semantic segmentation. Notably, our method is a one-stage domain adaptation network which can avoid affecting the inference time. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/ghuan99/CCDistill.

BackgroundBreast cancer progression has been gradually recognized as a bidirectional interaction between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment including stroma cells, immune cells, and the dynamically altered ECM. However, there still lacks direct experimental evidences about how ECM properties modulate the activities of stroma and immune cells.MethodThe transcriptomic data and corresponding clinical information of breast cancer pawere obtained from TCGA. Patients were divided into ECM-high, ECM-median and ECM-low groups based on ssGSEA scores of C-ECM genes. The prognostic value of ECM was confirmed by univariate/multivariate Cox regression and survival analyses. GO and KEGG analyses were performed between ECM-high and -low groups. Then associations between ECM characteristics and clinical stages were verified by Masson’s trichrome and Sirius red/Fast Green staining of clinical breast cancer tissues. To evaluate the effects of ECM on CAF induction and T cell activation, the MRC-5, NIH/3T-3, primary T cells and Jurkat T cells were encapsulated in 3D collagen with different densities and organizations, and the expression levels of CAF biomarkers and secretion levels of IL-2 were assessed.ResultsECM scores showed broad variation across paracancerous and cancer samples as well as breast cancer molecular subtypes, and patients with different ECM groups showed distinct prognosis. Immunological activity and ECM associated biology processes were identified by GO and KEGG analyses across ECM-high and -low groups. According to MCP-counter algorithm, the infiltration of T cells was significantly lower in the ECM-high group, while CAF abundance was significantly higher. It is furtherly confirmed by clinical samples that collagen density and organization were associate with breast cancer progression. Finally, in vitro 3D-cultured fibroblasts and T cells validated that the density and organization of collagen showed significant effects on CAF induction and T cell activation.ConclusionOur study revealed a new mechanism of T cell immunosuppression and CAF induction, which could be of central importance for the breast cancer invasion and may constitute novel therapeutic targets to improve breast cancer outcomes.

Background: Presently, our understanding of the rumen of Gayals is still very shallow, which is recognized as the most effective and developed fiber degradation system in nature, with abundant microorganisms. Molecular biology technology is an effective means to study the microbial resources in the rumen. Methods: Rumen contents of 3 Gayals (Gayals, Bos frontalis; G) and 3 Yellow Cattle (Yunnan Yellow Cattle, Bos taurus; Y) were collected in this study. Rumen microbial proteins were extracted by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), then to analyze the bioinformatics of protein abundance was performed through the bovine rumen transcriptome database (gene.uniGeneset.fasta). Result: The results were as follows: the differences in protein abundance of Gayals rumen bacteria in Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus and Olsenella were significantly higher than Yellow cattle (P less than 0.05) and the difference in protein abundance of Chytridiomycota and Batrachochytrium in rumen fungus of Gayals was significantly less than that of Yellow cattle. Enrichment analysis by KEGG metabolism pathway of differentially expressed proteins in rumen microorganisms was performed, Gayals have higher abundance of β-glucosidase and 6-phosphate-β-glucosidase than Yellow Cattle.

Sepsis caused by infection could induce systemic inflammation and various organ damages. Bioactivities of peptides derived from eggs were proved by lots of researchers; hence they might be further developed for therapeutic use. In this study, the hydrolysate named "PEP" was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and purification. Rats were divided into control, LPS, PEP1 and PEP2 groups. The rat model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 10 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection. The results of blood counts, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), BUN and Cr levels and pathological damage in tissue or serum suggested that PEP alleviated LPS-induced injuries. Plasma metabolites of PEP were analyzed and identified using UPLC-MS/MS, which revealed that seven pathways might play critical roles in the protection process, involved in oxidative stress, energy and amino acid metabolism. Our data suggest that PEP ameliorated LPS-induced acute liver and kidney injuries, which is helpful for further development and research.

Despite a growing body of work in nickel catalysis, the potential of organo-photocatalyst serving both as an arene ligand and a sensitizer remains underexplored. Here, we describe such an organo-photocatalyst to promote arylation of alcohols. Mechanistic studies suggest that the formation of sandwich complex via weak arene/nickel interaction and the resulting dexter energy transfer be responsible for this activity. This interaction provides a mechanistically alternative strategy for challenging carbon-oxygen bond assembly, where the elementary steps in transition metal catalysis previously facilitated by intermolecular photoevents replaced by more efficient intramolecular ones. With only 0.05 mol% photocatalyst loading and 8 mol% nickel bromide, a series of alcohols, diols and triols were (mono)arylated with (hetero)aryl bromides and chlorides. Importantly, many bioactive molecules and active pharmaceutical ingredients containing multiple hydroxyl groups could be efficiently monoarylated, too. This work provides a new approach to access bioactive aryl ethers, but also lights on a highly desirable direction to manipulate the catalytic reactivity of earth abundant nickel.

The mechanisms underlying the establishment of left-right (L-R) asymmetry in bilaterians is one of the central enigmas in developmental biology. Amphioxus is an important model in studying the mechanisms of animal asymmetry specification due to its particular phylogenetic position, vertebrate-like embryogenesis and body plan. Recently, with the establishments of artificial breeding technology, high-efficiency microinjection method and gene knockout technology, researchers have successfully dissected the mechanisms of amphioxus L-R asymmetry development. In this review, we summarize the major progress in understanding L-R asymmetry specification in amphioxus and propose a model of regulation of L-R asymmetry in this species. Hh protein is transported dominantly to the right side by cilia movement, leading to RL Hh signaling andCerexpression. Cer inhibits expression of Nodal, leading to the asymmetric expression of Nodal-dependent genes. The L-R differences in the propagation of the Nodal pathway result in the correct morphological L-R asymmetry development in amphioxus embryo. BMP signaling probably does not provide the asymmetric cue, but is necessary for correct expression ofCer andNodal.两侧对称动物左右体轴建立机制研究是发育生物学领域重要的基础科学问题之一。文昌鱼(amphioxus)由于其特殊的进化地位以及与脊椎动物相似的胚胎发育模式和身体构筑方式,是研究动物左右体轴建立机制的理想模式物种。近年来随着文昌鱼室内全人工繁育技术、高效显微注射技术和基因敲除技术的建立,国内外学者在左右体轴建立机制研究上取得了丰硕的成果。本文从文昌鱼胚胎左右不对称发育特点出发,总结了近期文昌鱼左右体轴建立方面取得的研究进展,并提出了文昌鱼左右体轴调控网络图：纤毛运动导致Hh蛋白在文昌鱼中不对称分布(LR),从而导致Hh信号通路的不对称激活以及Cer的不对称表达(LR),Cer对Nodal具有抑制作用,由此导致依赖于Nodal活性的基因呈左右不对称表达并最终诱导胚胎左右体轴的正确建立;BMP信号可能并不提供左右不对称信号,但却是Cer和Nodal正确表达的必要条件。.

Russula fanjing Fang Li sp. nov., (Figs. 1���4) MycoBank: MB836774 Etymology:��� fanjing, the name of the mountain which is the holotype locality. Holotype:��� CHINA Guizhou province, Tongren county, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, 108.6572˚ E, 27.9121˚ N, alt. 1948 m, near Quercus trees, 2 August 2020, Fang Li (HGASMF01-10047, ITS: MT 928349, nrLSU: MW 201672). Diagnosis:���A species with medium-sized basidiocarps, with vivid red, red, pink to pastel red areolate pilei, spores with strongly amyloid warts and ridges interconnected by fine lines in an incomplete or complete reticulum and a suprapellis with short-celled, claw-like branched, lotus-root-like inflated hyphae, and dispersed clavate, septate, pileocystidia. Description:��� Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 3���5 cm diam, hemispheric to convex when young, plano-convex to plano-concave at maturity with the center area slightly depressed; surface vivid red (11A8, 9A8), red (11A6���7, 9A6) to pink or pastel red (11A5, 9A5), becoming lighter colored towards margin, areolate, subviscid when moist; margin slightly striate at maturity. Lamellae 3���5 mm wide, white (4A1), not discoloring, adnate, close, occasionally forked near the stipe, intervenose, with 2���3 tiers of lamellulae. Stipe 3���5 �� 0.7���1 cm, white (4A1), cylindrical, glabrous or faintly longitudinally ridged, dry, spongy inside. Context 2���3 mm thick in the center of the pileus, white (4A1). Odor absent, taste acrid. Spore print white. Basidiospores [120/4/3] 6.5���7.0���8 �� 5.5���6.0���7 ��m, Q = 1���1.15���1.25, Q m = 1.15 �� 0.07, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, occasionally sub-globose, ornamented with large, distant to moderately distant amyloid warts, spines and ridges 0.5���0.8 ��m high, occasionally fused in pairs, or triplets, often connected by fine lines in an incomplete to almost complete reticulum, suprahilar plage occasionally amyloid. Basidia 30���41 �� 8���12 ��m, clavate, 4-spored, sometimes 2-spored, sterigmata 4���8 ��m long. Pleurocystidia 33���63 �� 6.5���12 ��m, moderately numerous to numerous, with the tip projecting slightly beyond the basidia, sub-fusiform, with obtuse, sub-acute to acute apex, with strong refractive content. Cheilocystidia 28���60 �� 6.5���10 ��m, similar to pleurocystidia in shape and abundance, with less dense content. Marginal cells 8���19 �� 4���7 ��m, undifferentiated, clavate, cylindrical or irregularly clavate. Lamellar trama composed of hyphae 3���6 ��m wide, thin-walled, hyaline, white to yellowish white, divergent and with sphaerocysts 10���50 ��m in diam., thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis (between the center and margin) well-delimited from the underlying context, two-layered, slightly gelatinous; subpellis ca. 40���100 ��m thick, composed of dispersed repent pileocystidia and thinwalled hyphae 3���7 ��m wide, with pale red (9A3) to pastel red (9A4) plasmatic pigment, uniformly colored, fading to colorless quickly in 10% KOH, septate, branched, forming a mat close to the underlying trama; suprapellis ca. 30���70 ��m thick, a typical trichoderm, composed of dispersed ��erect pileocystidia, and thin-walled hyphae 2���10 ��m wide, with pastel red (10A5) to red (10A7) plasmatic pigment, uniformly colored, fading to colorless quickly in 10% KOH, short-celled, claw-like branched and inflated as lotus roots, with end cells 10���25 �� 3���9 ��m, tapering, bullet-shaped, lageniform, lanceolate, fusiform, subventricose, rarely clavate. Pileocystidia 8���65(122) �� 4���12 ��m, dispersed in base part of suprapellis and subpellis, bullet-shaped, ovoid, ellipsoid, subventricose, sphaeropedunculate, clavate to long cylindrical, with dense refractive yellowish contents, not septate or septate with 1���4 septa, with a dull lilac (16B3), violet-grey (16F2) to dark violet (16F4) reaction in SV. Acid-resistant incrustations absent. In a same pileus, the structures of the suprapellis in the center and margin are similar to that of between the center and margin; suprapellis in the pileus center with terminal hyphae a little closer and more erect, with end cells 10���25 �� 3���8 ��m, tapering, bullet-shaped, lageniform, lanceolate, fusiform, subventricose, rarely clavate; suprapellis near the pileus margin with terminal hyphae erect, sub-erect to nearly repent, with end cells 10���24 �� 3���9 ��m, tapering, bullet-shaped, lageniform, lanceolate, fusiform, subventricose, rarely clavate. Stipitipellis 30���70 ��m thick, composed of parallel thin-walled hyphae 5���10 ��m wide and with sphaerocysts 15���60 ��m in diam., thin-walled, hyaline. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections absent in all parts of basidioma. It is interesting to note that in Russula fanjing the structure of the suprapellis does not change remarkably in the same pileus however, in different basidiomata, the thickness of the suprapellis can be different, and the hyphae in them can be a little different (Fig. 6A and B). The thicker the suprapellis (Fig. 6A), the longer and a little narrower the terminal hyphae in the suprapellis. When the pileipellis loses its suprapellis, the remaining subpellis is very different: there are no claw-like branched, lotus-roots-like inflated hyphae in the subpellis, the hyphae in it are decumbent or repent, interwoven, tubular elements, and the pileocystidia are decumbent or repent, not vertically to subvertically arranged as they are in suprapellis. The cellular contents in the cystidia are dense in both pleurocystidia and pileocystidia, and less dense in cheilocystidia. They can be in the form of lumps or crystals. During our examinations, we found that the young pileocystidia (small and non-septate ones) often contained lumpy cellular contents, and crystal cellular contents often appeared in the more mature cystidia. Habitat and distribution:���Solitary or scattered on soil in forests dominated by Quercus trees, at 1700���2000 m alt.; presently only known from Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou province, China. Additional specimens examined:��� CHINA. Guizhou province, Tongren county, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, 108.7031˚ E, 27.9111˚N, alt. 1718 m, near Quercus trees, 3 July 2020, Jing Zhang, Huan Gao (HGASMF01- 10042); ibid, 108.6999˚ E, 27.9081˚N, alt. 1970 m, 3 July 2020, Jing Zhang, Huan Gao (HGASMF01-10043); ibid, 108.7011˚ E, 27.9077˚N, alt. 1950 m, 3 July 2020, Jing Zhang, Huan Gao (Paratype, HGASMF01-9239, ITS: MW 192767, nrLSU: MW 227645). Specimens of Russula chiui examined: CHINA. Guizhou province, Tongren county, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, 108.7900˚ E, 27.9070˚N, alt. 1979 m, 18 October 2020, Jing Zhang, Huan Gao (HGASMF01-10657, ITS: MW 195051, nrLSU: MW 227647)., Published as part of Li, Fang, Li, Guo-Jie, Zhang, Jing, Gao, Huan, Shi, Ru-Shu & Deng, Chun-Ying, 2021, Russula fanjing, a new species of Russula subsect. Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Guizhou province, China, pp. 139-151 in Phytotaxa 480 (2) on pages 142-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5415973

Li, Fang, Li, Guo-Jie, Zhang, Jing, Gao, Huan, Shi, Ru-Shu, Deng, Chun-Ying (2021): Russula fanjing, a new species of Russula subsect. Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Guizhou province, China. Phytotaxa 480 (2): 139-151, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.3

Active crystal facets can generate special properties for various applications. Herein, we report a (001) faceted nanosheet-constructed hierarchically porous TiO2/rGO hybrid architecture with unprecedented and highly stable lithium storage performance. Density functional theory calculations show that the (001) faceted TiO2 nanosheets enable enhanced reaction kinetics by reinforcing their contact with the electrolyte and shortening the path length of Li+ diffusion and insertion-extraction. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets in this TiO2/rGO hybrid largely improve charge transport, while the porous hierarchy at different length scales favors continuous electrolyte permeation and accommodates volume change. This hierarchically porous TiO2/rGO hybrid anode material demonstrates an excellent reversible capacity of 250 mAh g-1 at 1 C (1 C = 335 mA g-1) at a voltage window of 1.0-3.0 V. Even after 1000 cycles at 5 C and 500 cycles at 10 C, the anode retains exceptional and stable capacities of 176 and 160 mAh g-1, respectively. Moreover, the formed Li2Ti2O4 nanodots facilitate reversed Li+ insertion-extraction during the cycling process. The above results indicate the best performance of TiO2-based materials as anodes for lithium-ion batteries reported in the literature.

Chromatin accessibility is critical for tumor development, whose mechanisms remain unclear. As a crucial regulator for chromatin remodeling, BRD4 promotes tumor progression by regulating multiple genes. As a small-molecule inhibitor of BRD4, JQ1 has potent chemotherapeutic activity against various human cancers. However, whether JQ1 has potential anti-tumor effects and how JQ1 regulates global transcription in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. In this research, we found BRD4 was highly expressed in GC tissues and was significantly associated with poor prognosis. JQ1 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of GC cells in vitro. Besides, JQ1 suppressed the migration and invasion of cancer cells by inducing MET. Notably, an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) data showed that JQ1 obviously downregulated the chromatin accessibility of GC cells and differentially accessible regions were highly enriched for RUNX2-binding motifs. Combinational analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data discovered NID1 as the downstream target of JQ1 and JQ1 reduced NID1 expression in GC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter gene assay, and rescue experiments all confirmed that RUNX2/NID1 axis was responsible for JQ1-inhibiting metastasis of GC cells. What’s more, high expression of NID1 in GC tissues also predicted poor survival outcome of cancer patients and NID1 knockdown prohibited migration and invasion of cancer cells via partially inducing MET. Finally, in vivo models showed that JQ1 prevented GC growth and suppressed cancer metastasis. In conclusion, JQ1 inhibits the malignant progression of GC by downregulating chromatin accessibility and inactivating RUNX2/NID1 signaling. In addition, NID1 is also a novel therapeutic target for progressive GC patients.

Freeze-thaw (FT) cycles in cold regions have a huge effect on the stability of surrounding rock. Sandstone in the Tongchuan area of northwestern China was used as the research object to study the changes in physical and mechanical properties of rocks after FT cycles. After analyzing the force of the internal pore boundary of the rock, it is found that the internal large pores are more likely to make the rock unstable after being stressed. A FT damage model considering the weight of different pore sizes is established. Through static and dynamic tests, the mechanical properties of FT sandstone are studied. The study found that the static and dynamic peak stresses of sandstone decrease with the increase of FT times, and the dynamic increase factors (DIF) shows an increasing trend with the increase of FT times and impact speed. The mechanical test further proves that the compressive strength of sandstone decreases with the decrease of damage factor. The static and dynamic compressive strength showed a good exponential relationship with the damage factor. The relationship between dynamic compressive strength and initial static compressive strength considering the damage factor and impact speed is established.

In this paper, we proposed a registration method by combining the morphological component analysis (MCA) and scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm. This method uses the perception dictionaries, and combines the Basis-Pursuit algorithm and the Total-Variation regularization scheme to extract the cartoon part containing basic geometrical information from the original image, and is stable and unsusceptible to noise interference. Then a smaller number of the distinctive key points will be obtained by using the SIFT algorithm based on the cartoon part of the original image. Matching the key points by the constrained Euclidean distance, we will obtain a more correct and robust matching result. The experimental results show that the geometrical transform parameters inferred by the matched key points based on MCA+SIFT registration method are more exact than the ones based on the direct SIFT algorithm.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of the DNA methylation datasets.

LEDs have excellent modulation characteristics and enable illumination and transmission of audio signals simultaneously. A set of point-to-point visible light audio transmission system is constructed. The performance of the audio transmission system is studied by using the oscilloscope waveform. The influence of different transmission distance and receiving half angle on the amplitude value parameters are discussed. At the transmitting end, the audio signal transmitted by the MP3 player is amplified and stabilized by the amplifying circuit, the LED is driven, the electro-optical conversion is completed, the receiving end uses the photodetector for photoelectric conversion, and the signal is amplified and divided by the amplification filter and the low-pass filter. Finally get a saturated distortion-free audio signal. The results show that the system's ultimate transmission distance is 2m, and gradually decreases as the distance and the receiving half angle increase.

This paper considers the problem of privacy-preservation in decentralized optimization, in which $N$ agents cooperatively minimize a global objective function that is the sum of $N$ local objective functions. We assume that each local objective function is private and only known to an individual agent. To cooperatively solve the problem, most existing decentralized optimization approaches require participating agents to exchange and disclose estimates to neighboring agents. However, this results in leakage of private information about local objective functions, which is undesirable when adversaries exist and try to steal information from participating agents. To address this issue, we propose a privacy-preserving decentralized optimization approach based on proximal Jacobian ADMM via function decomposition. Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach., Comment: submitted to American control conference

An adaptive tensor voting algorithm combined with texture spectrum is proposed. The image texture spectrum is used to get the adaptive scale parameter of voting field. Then the texture information modifies both the attenuation coefficient and the attenuation field so that we can use this algorithm to create more significant and correct structures in the original image according to the human visual perception. At the same time, the proposed method can improve the edge extraction quality, which includes decreasing the flocculent region efficiently and making image clear. In the experiment for extracting pavement cracks, the original pavement image is processed by the proposed method which is combined with the significant curve feature threshold procedure, and the resulted image displays the faint crack signals submerged in the complicated background efficiently and clearly.

INTRODUCTION: Based on reports, infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is believed to induce the development of antibodies that are considered to be biological indicators for the diagnosis of some other diseases. However, conflicting results have been published regarding the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in patients with tuberculosis. We aim to study the seroprevalence of ANCA in a population of Chinese patients with tuberculosis, which may lead to the misdiagnosis of vasculitic disorders. METHODS: The study was conducted from January 2016 to May 2017 to evaluate the presence of ANCA in 103 Chinese patients using indirect immunofluorescent assay. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed for anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) and anti-proteinase 3 (PR3) detection. RESULTS: Perinuclear ANCA (p-ANCA) was detected in 4.8% (5/103) of patients, whereas cytoplasmic ANCA (c-ANCA) was not detected; 1.9% (2/103) of patients with tuberculosis was positive for anti-MPO antibodies, and none had anti-PR3 antibodies. Both anti-MPO-positive patients were diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitides. CONCLUSIONS: ANCA positivity may be more related to vasculitis and immunological disorders than to a M. tuberculosis infection. Therefore, to improve diagnostic accuracy, patients with M. tuberculosis who are ANCA positive should be investigated for concurrent diseases, including the effects of drugs. Therefore, even in tuberculosis epidemic area, ANCA seropositivity, detected by ELISA, is still more suggestive of ANCA-associated vasculitides.

In this paper, a stepping control based on extended state observer (ESO) based is developed to track the trajectory of a two link flexible manipulator. The link is flexible and coupled making the system sensitive to uncertainties, while the controller design requires exact information of the system modeling. To avoid these issues, an ESO is introduced to estimates the uncertainties as well as the system state vector. The back stepping controller is then studied uses the states estimated by ESO. Stability of this nonlinear coupled two-link system is then achieved using Lyapunov-based methods. At last, the simulation results are given to demonstrate the performance of the designed control scheme.

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land-surface temperature (LST) products provide important and reliable time-series data for the examination of global climate change, water cycling, and ecological evolution. In particular, in recently developed remote-sensing evapotranspiration models, such as the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land and the Surface Energy Balance System, LST is a critical parameter that can directly influence the accuracy and integrity of final results. However, clouds and other atmospheric disturbances, which cover a large area throughout most of the year, are read as blank values by these programs, creating a problem. To solve this, a number of algorithms have been proposed to reconstruct LST data, but few can be used to evaluate flat and relatively fragmented landscape regions, such as the Yellow River Delta in China. Here, we conducted an analysis where we considered the LST of a flat area to be mainly influenced by land cover and other environmental element...

We identified a new dehydration-responsive element-binding protein gene, OsDREB6, which is an A-6 subgroup member of the DREB subfamily, of AP2/EREBP proteins, in Oryza sativa ssp. Japonica cv. Nipponbare. Expression pattern analysis indicated that OsDREB6 was induced in response to dehydration, high salinity, and most importantly by cold stress (4°C). Analysis using the yeast one-hybrid system showed that OsDREB6 had transcriptional activation activity and bound specifically to the DRE ciselement. Overexpression of OsDREB6 increased tolerance to osmotic, high salt, and cold stresses in transgenic rice whereas, OsDREB6 double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) lines were found to be more sensitive to these stresses than wild-type rice. Additionally, sugar, proline and catalase levels in OsDREB6 RNAi lines were significantly lower than in the corresponding OsDREB6 overexpression lines and control lines after PEG treatment. In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in RNAi lines than in control and overexpression lines. Furthermore, expression levels of some stress-related genes were altered in the transgenic plants. The data suggests that OsDREB6 may participate in the stress response by mediating the expression of specific genes, and may also be involved plant metabolism. Together, these results indicated that OsDREB6 plays an important role in the response of plants to a wide range of osmotic stresses.

Rice cultivation is essential for agricultural production in Mekong Delta. Rice production estimation is based on the measurement of paddy field area and plantation system. Detection of paddy rice area and the plantation system is significant to food security decision. Based on the MODIS NDVI time-series data and the Dynamic Time Wrapping (DTW) similarity measure we detected the single and multiple rice distribution in Mekong Delta in 2010. Firstly, a combination of replacement and filter method was applied to denoising the MODIS NDVI time-series. Secondly, extracted the standard NDVI time-series cycle of single and multiple rice on MODIS NDVI time-series image. Thirdly, compare each pixel’s NDVI time-series cycle with each standard NDVI time-series cycle based on DTW distance. Finally, choose threshold in DTW distance and determine paddy rice’s distribution. Results were examined by sampling point and high resolution image of Mekong Delta; it shows that the extraction accuracy is 86%, relatively high for MODIS data classification outcome.

Extensive experiments have been carried out to derive material-process-microstructure-properties relationships for powder bed fusion (PBF) process. Selecting a set of appropriate processing parameters to achieve high quality part is of great challenge, since the quality of part is affected by many factors involved in the process. However, a lot of investigations of processing parameters on performance of part merely focused on one or two parameters variation while others were fixed. A comprehensive study about the influence of multiple factors on selective laser melting (SLM) process is still lack of deep research. In this paper, normalised quantities, such as E0*, q*, v*, etc., and a dimensionless group of process variables are adopted to determine a processing window. Taguchi method is used to optimize the settings of processing parameters. Experiments were carried out by SLM with 316 L stainless steel powder. The following response variables, top surface roughness (Ra), hardness (HV) and density (ρ) were measured. The effect of laser power q, scanning speed v, hatch spacing h and their interactions, such as q × v, q × h, v × h, on top surface roughness (Ra), hardness (HV) and density (ρ) was evaluated by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It is shown that laser power is of great significance among the parameters, while hatch spacing, scanning speed and their interactions affect the quality of samples with differently significant levels. The results of this research show that normalised processing map is a powerful tool for optimizing processing parameters to get high quality parts.

Wireless transmission of electric power efficiently in itself is a challenge, even more in a seawater environment. This paper focuses on methodology and apparatus for such an environment. Through design and experimentation, a structure was devised, which could transmit electric power efficiently. A system parameter was changed to optimize transmission efficiency and structure. A comparison test with different parameters was performed. The results were normalized in reference to that in the air. In the latter case, efficiency up to 90% could be achieved. The present work reveals that the efficiency of wireless power transmission in the sea water is lower than that in the air. The best structure's efficiency could be up to ~90% of that in the air. The efficiency has a strong dependency on the structure.

The car engine failures in the course of time and place have many possibilities. The engine fault diagnosis system developed in .NET platform. The core of the system make use of noise wavelet energy features and non-linear support vector machine classification. After the experiment, the system has fairly good results.

Engine is a core component. It’s performance is important to the production safety, it will affect production efficiency. At the conclusion of other types of fault diagnosis method, proposed the engine fault diagnosis technology is based on SVM and noise analysis and do some pilot studies. The method can be used to early diagnosis, and can quickly and easily find fault.

Due to the different structure of the machine parts, machine vibrations sent audio signal have different frequency. The early defect, audio signal can be analyzed well by wavelet packet transform. After wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction, Audio signal noise reduced. And then through high and low frequency decomposition, we can constitute the energy characteristics. The experiment shows: the extracted features have good structure.

The composition, morphology and the long-term corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solution of zinc phosphate coating on AZ31B magnesium alloy were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, hydrogen evolution and potentiodynamic polarization curve experiments. The results indicate that the phosphate coating consists mainly of Zn3(PO4)2 · 4 H2O, Zn2Mg(PO4)2 and metallic Zn. The variations of the hydrogen evolution, i corr and corrosion morphologies indicate that the corrosion process of zinc phosphate has three stages. At the first stage, the corrosion resistance of the phosphate sample is higher than that of the uncoated sample. At the second stage, the corrosion rate basically remains constant. At the third stage, a Zn – Mg galvanic cell and galvanic corrosion are formed between zinc and the AZ31B substrate, and the corrosion resistance of the phosphate sample is lower than that of the uncoated sample.

There are many tropical forest resources in Xishuangbanna area; it is a very important status in China. But because a large number of rubber plantations are expanding as far as possible and the areas of urban construction land are increasing, the areas of tropical forest are decreasing rapidly, which lead to serious fragmentation. In the paper, we choose the typical area of Xishuangbanna area as the research area to study the vegetation change trajectory using ETM and SPOT images acquired on different time. On the base of data pretreatment, two aspects researches were carried out. On the one hand, spectral information and NDVI information of each type of vegetation were analyzed to classify the ETM and SPOT images using the method of decision tree respectively. By classification post-processing, we could get the ways of the vegetation type conversion. On the other hand, ETM and SPOT PAN Images were integrated by the PCA to acquire the information of vegetation change including vegetation gain or loss. Finally, comprehensive information on two aspects of the vegetation changes was analyzed to acquire the vegetation change trajectory from 2000 to 2007 in the Xishuangbannan area. The result showed vegetation conversions that changed from one type to another type were frequent. A larger proportion of other type vegetation was transformed to rubber plantations.

Terrestrial carbon cycle and the global atmospheric CO2 budget are important foci in global climate change research. Simulating net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystems is important for carbon cycle research. In this study, a plant-atmosphere-soil continuum nitrogen (N) cycling model was developed and incorporated into the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) model. With the established database (leaf area index, land cover, daily meteorology data, vegetation and soil) at a 1 km resolution, daily maps of NPP for Lantsang valley in 2007 were produced, and the spatial-temporal patterns of NPP and mechanisms of its responses to soil N level were further explored. The total NPP and mean NPP of Lantsang valley in 2007 were 66.5 Tg C and 416 g·m−2·a−1 C, respectively. In addition, statistical analysis of NPP of different land cover types was conducted and investigated. Compared with BEPS model (without considering nitrogen effect), it was inferred that the plant carbon fixing for the upstream of Lantsang valley was also limited by soil available nitrogen besides temperature and precipitation. However, nitrogen has no evident limitation to NPP accumulation of broadleaf forest, which mainly distributed in the downstream of Lantsang valley.

This article describes a multidisciplinary approach to assessing potential vegetation types. The relation between vegetation distribution as derived from field survey and habitat characteristics in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) was analyzed using detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA). The three-dimensional groundwater numerical simulation model MODFLOW yielded an accurate distribution of the shallow groundwater table within the study area. Groundwater table and soil salinity appeared to have the largest influence on the distribution patterns of specific indicator species. The quantitative relationships between species presence and environmental factors were further explored using logistic regression, allowing for the prediction of potential species distribution in relation to fluctuations in groundwater depth and soil salinity. Based on this, potential distribution maps for specific plant species and their communities were generated using ArcGIS. The potential vegetation map was compared to the actual vegetation map (interpreted from SPOT imagery), which leads to a discussion of the main factors responsible for fragmentation and degradation of the local vegetation system