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Osteoporosis is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures. Fractures cause a considerable increase in mortality, disability, and morbidity incidence. Artemisia annua is a medicinal plant, used for long time in Asian countries and its active metabolite is Dihydroartemisinin (DHA). It is proven to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study is the first to investigate the role of different doses of DHA in treatment of Dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced osteoporosis. Thirty female Wister adult rats were divided into three groups for three months. Control and Dexa groups were both six in number. Dihydroartemisinin treated groups, eighteen in number, received intramuscular injection of Dexamethasone and intraperitoneal injection of DHA, then subdivided in three different groups according to DHA doses (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg body wight). Blood level of Ca, P, calcitonin, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and Tissue MDA, GSH were estimated. Tibiae were stained with H&E, Masson- Goldner, and immunological examination of β catenin and RANKL was done. Then, one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test, was used in order to compare groups, and P value

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dried figs with high content of antioxidants namely fig (Ficus carica L) on lowering blood cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic rats. Vitamins A and C, total polyphenols and total flavonoids were determined in figs in fresh fruits and after being dried. All these antioxidants were found in considerable amounts in fig. Thirty male albino rats were divided into six groups 5each, the first group received a standard and served as a negative control, and the second group received a hypercholesterolemic diet and served as a positive control. Group 4 was the protective group that fed on a higher percentage of figs 6% and the other three groups received a hypercholesterolemic diet containing different levels from fig (2, 4 and 6%) for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, blood was withdrawn after overnight fasting and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Serum total cholesterol, serum triacylglycerol (TG), serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C) were estimated. Also, the activity of the liver enzymes ALT and AST were determined. A histopathological examination of the aorta was done.

Sediments are utilized as a marker for events that endure long enough to manifest their environmental impacts and determine the contamination levels. The purpose of the present study was to highlight the current sediment quality of four Nile islands shores by utilizing a variety of physical, chemical, and biological aspects and indices. In addition, the status of benthic diatoms and macroinvertebrates, as well as their responses to sediment variables were investigated. The metals followed a decreasing concentration order: Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni ≈ Cr > Cu > Co > Pb > Cd. The outcomes of metal pollution indices revealed some localized contaminated sites, by mostly Ni and Cd. In addition, a moderate toxic risk from metals was observed for El-Keratten shores, while the sediments of El-Warraq, El-Zamalek, and El-Manial islands shores were at low toxic risk. A total of 112 diatom species belonging to 24 genera were identified in the total sample set, where most of the diatoms encountered were cosmopolitan. Metals had a remarkable impact on the composition, distribution, and dominance of diatom assemblages, but had little effect on diatom diversity, while there was a noticeable effect of grain size on diatom distribution and diversity. Thirty-four species of benthic invertebrates were identified in the collected samples from the islands shores. The dominant taxa and groups of benthic invertebrates at different islands were affected by various sediment parameters, where the levels and types of such variables differed from one species to another. Graphical abstract

Sediments act as a sink or source of pollution under various conditions. Moreover, they can serve as pollution indicators. The present research aims to evaluate sediment quality associated with its content in heavy metals and the potential ecological risk, focusing on the sub-branches of Nile River (Rayahs) in Egypt, including El-Tawfiky (RT), El-Menoufy (RM), El-Behary (RB), and El-Nassery (RN). According to the results, El-Rayahs sediments are characterized by an increasing sand fraction, followed by mud. Regarding heavy metals pollution, Cd registered the highest pollution ranking, whereas Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Ni exhibited the lowest effect. Furthermore, the ecological risk for El-Rayahs sediments increases northward; however, most sites either showed slight pollution or did not record any degree of contamination, except the northern stretch of El-Behery (El-Mahmoudia Canal), which is a very high-polluted zone, with high ecological risk according to the contamination degree (Cd) and potential ecological risk (RI) indices.

To investigate the perception of undergraduate nursing students in different countries in the Middle East about caring.A cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative design.A total of 1,582 nursing students from six different countries in the Middle East completed the Caring Dimensions Inventory.The total mean score of caring was 138.8 (± 15.8), indicating a high level of caring. The highest mean score was for nursing students from Egypt (M = 145.37 ± 15.97), whereas the lowest was for nursing students from Palestine (M = 135.36 ± 13.48). The caring perception was more significant for female students than male students, and no significant correlation was found between students' ages and caring scores.The high level of caring among nursing students reflects the involvement of caring behaviour in the nursing curricula, which motivates nursing schools to continue stressing the importance of caring and to enhance this behaviour among their graduates.Improving the students' caring competencies as recommended by the study will influence the caregiving quality in the future that will be reflected in nurse-patient caring relationships and raise the patients' and public satisfaction with nursing care.

The alarming rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa has prompted the World Health Organization to consider it a serious threat to human health. Although phage (Phg), an effective...

A review article described the chemistry of 4-thiazolidinones particularly rhodanine ring and different approaches for its reactions which included the modification of the ring. Besides, the reactivity of rhodanine ring which helped in the synthesis of different arylidenes at position 5 and carboxylic acids at position 3 The most reactive positions in 4-thiazolidinone are 3 and 5, which determine the major directions of heterocycle modification. Approaches to the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 4-thiazolidinones in general include two pathways. The first one was throughout the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 4-thiazolidinones by different reactions in position 3 of the thiazolidinone cycle. The second was the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 4-thiazolidinones by diverse reactions in position 5 of the thiazolidinone cycle Modification of 4-thiazolidinone cycle on positions 2, 3, 4 or 5 was successful to achieve synthetic products with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity Currently 4-thiazolidinones were considered as a new class of antidiabetic (insulinsensitizing) drugs and potent aldose reductase inhibitors, which possess the potential for the treatment of diabetes complications (cataract, nephropathy, neuropathy).

Freshwater resources in Egypt are very limited. Additionally, drains are important unconventional water resources. The objectives of this paper are divided into two goals. The first goal is to save freshwater by reducing the evaporation from the drainage channels. Secondly, to reduce the CO2 emission by replacing the traditional fuel of the drainage’s pump station by renewable energy. Many drainage pumps in Egypt are old and cause CO2 emission that is estimated by tons. Solar cell power represents the alternative fuel resource for these drainage pumps, it also reduces the emissions. The pump station on the Algharak drain in Egypt was studied as a sample for the drainage systems. Climate data such as solar irradiation, evaporation, air temperature, specific humidity, and wind speed were collected. The pump station data such as pump discharge, number of units, and the head were collected. Two scenarios of the pumping operation of the pump stations on Algharak drain were studied. In each scenario, the solar pumping power, area of solar cells, evaporation loss, and the value of reduction of CO2 were estimated. The results of this research could be used all over Egypt to help save a number of unconventional water resources.

Recently, Compressive Sensing (CS) theory based on the traditional CAMP reconstruction algorithm has applied in radar systems to achieve the benefits of CS such as low sampling rate, small memory size, less complexity in hardware and consequently reduces the required processing time as using a low speed Analog-to-Digital Converter. A modified reconstruction Complex Approximate Massage Passing (CAMP) algorithm designed as an adaptive recovery algorithm is introduced. The adaptive recovery algorithm depends on selecting the comparison threshold in an adaptive manner resembling the Constant False Alarm Rate processing. In this paper, design and implementation of the adaptive algorithm for Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radar signals are achieved using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). A proposed pipelined process-based scheme is used in the implementation that leads to a more redundant in complexity and processing time. A generic methodology based on segmenting the acquired radar signal and applying the adaptive recovery algorithm on each segment is proposed. This method enables the investigation of the adaptive recovery algorithm on any signal length with fixed hardware resources. A suggested processing method is implemented called pipelined adaptive recovery CAMP algorithm, which enhances the performance of reconstructing the radar signal better than the traditional CAMP algorithm. Hardware implementation using FPGA and experiments are met, and their results agree very well with the simulation outcomes.

AA2124 reinforced with graphene (G), silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiCnp), and graphene-coated SiCnp (GCSiCnp) were fabricated and characterized. GCSiCnp reinforcement was fabricated by ball milling, followed by mixing and milling the reinforcements with AA2124 powders. Consolidation was achieved by cold compaction and hot extrusion (HE). The powders’ morphology and structural evolution were characterized with XRD and SEM. Microhardness and tensile properties were also characterized. Increasing the fillers’ content beyond 5 wt pct deteriorated the composites’ mechanical properties due to the agglomeration of the fillers. Adding 5 wt pct GCSiCnp increased the hardness, specific strength, and modulus of the composite and decreased ductility. Furthermore, 5 wt pct SiCnp induced severe lattice strain by intra-granular dispersion strengthening. The GCSiCnp filler strengthened the Al-matrix via the strong interfacial bonding of the intercalated inter-granular lamination of the hybrid particles within the Al-matrix and the intra-granular dispersion strengthening associated with the individual SiCnp. Adding 5 wt pct G lowered the HE composite’s density and hardness significantly, while the sliding of G-intercalated layers coating the Al-grains facilitated plastic flow along the extrusion direction and enhanced the strength and ductility of the composite compared to that containing 5 wt pct GCSiCnp.

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of human activities on the ecological health and food chain at the shores of four Nile Islands in Great Cairo including El-Qeratten, El-Waraq, El-Zamalek, and El-Manial. Water quality, bacteria, phytoplankton, benthic algae, zooplankton, macrobenthic invertebrates, and bony fishes were examined at each island shore over two seasons including the lowest and the highest flow (February and July 2020, respectively). The obtained results showed that the average values of most of the chemicals in Nile Island’s water were within the Egyptian water quality limits. Discriminant analysis of physicochemical factors revealed a similarity between El-Waraq and El-Qerateen and between El-Manial and El-Zamalek. El-Qeratten was the most polluted island. It has the highest total and fecal coliform bacteria count (3.155 and 3.050 Log MPN/100 mL, respectively). El-Zamalek shores have the highest phytoplankton (33,582 cells × 104 L−1) and zooplankton count (310,891 organisms × m−3) and phyto-biochemical values. Biochemical analysis of phytoplankton demonstrated the richness of the bulk by protein (> 85% of biomass), indicating that phytoplankton has a high nutritional value. Elevated zooplankton count was recorded at El-Zamalek, which coincided with the peak of phytoplankton abundance. Mollusca were the dominant macrobenthic invertebrates on most of the island’s shores. Bony fishes were represented by 27 species and two crustaceans. The levels of the metals in fish samples were compared with the food safety guideline endorsed by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) to evaluate the toxicity level.

Post-processing of Ti6Al4V lattice structures fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) was performed using hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) and heat treatment (HT) to mitigate the undesired effect of rapid cooling during SLM. Oxygen diffusion during post-processing had a significant influence on the microstructure and subsequently the mechanical properties of the lattices. Oxygen content analysis was conducted to confirm the oxygen diffusion through the strurts’ peripheries. The effect of oxygen diffusion during the HIPing and sub-transus HT (600–800 °C) regimes on the phase transformation, failure mechanisms, and mechanical properties of the lattices was investigated. Results revealed that the transformation of the originally formed α′ martensite was dependent on the post-processing temperature. This transformation resulted in a decrease in yield strength. The decrease in failure strain (ductility) for all treated conditions was related to oxygen diffusion, forming near-surface α-case.

The effects of two probiotics on NH3degradation, as well as the magnetic field (21.56 m tesla) on the germination and proliferation ofBacillusspores, were studied in-vitro. Additionally, the effect of these probiotics on water quality maintenance inLitopenaeus vannameiholding ponds was investigated. For 180 min, NH3degradation was assessed as follows: Set 1: ammonia-free tap water with NH3; Probiotic A (5 × 1010viableBacillusspores/g) with NH3; Probiotic B (multi spp. 2 × 109 CFU/g) with NH3; and Set 2: same as set 1 with 30 mg L−1OM. The magnetic field was tested on Probiotic A (3.5 × 107CFU) for 36 h in triplicate. In the presence of organic matter, both probiotics degrade NH3. The viable Bacillus count increased within 6 h of being exposed to the magnetic field, reaching its peak after 36 h. Firstly, fifteen ponds (250,000 PL/acre) were investigated, then 360 water samples were collected from the same corresponding pond for 8 weeks, and subjected to T1: control; T2: Probiotic A (0.007 g/m3/2 weeks); T3: Probiotic B (0.03 g/m3/2 weeks). Both probiotics with TVC and NH3demonstrated a negative correlation, on the other hand, they showed a significant (P ≤ 0.01) improvement in DO and pH. Overall, both probiotics were able to degrade NH3and the magnetic field (21.56 m tesla) was efficient to improve the germination and proliferation ofBacillusspores in-vitro. Probiotics were also effective for reducing TVC and NH3levels by increasing dissolved oxygen and pH in pond water.

Several physics-based models have been utilized in material design for the simulation and prediction of material properties. In this study, several machine-learning (ML) approaches were used to construct a prediction model to analyze the influence of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) parameters on the microstructural, corrosion and mechanical behavior of the biodegradable magnesium alloy ZK30. The ML approaches employed were linear regression, the Gaussian process, and support vector regression. For the optimization of the alloy’s performance, experiments were conducted on ZK30 billets using different ECAP routes, channel angles, and number of passes. The adopted ML model is an adequate predictive model which agreed with the experimental results. ECAP die angles had an insignificant effect on grain refinement, compared to the route type. ECAP via four passes of route Bc (rotating the sample 90° on its longitudinal axis after each pass in the same direction) was the most effective condition producing homogenous ultrafine grain distribution of 1.92 µm. Processing via 4-Bc and 90° die angle produced the highest hardness (97-HV) coupled with the highest tensile strength (344 MPa). The optimum corrosion rate of 0.140 mils penetration per year (mpy) and the optimum corrosion resistance of 1101 Ω·cm2 resulted from processing through 1-pass using the 120°-die. Grain refinement resulted in reducing the corrosion rates and increased corrosion resistance, which agreed with the ML findings.

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of human activities on the ecological health and food chain at the shores of four Nile Islands in Great Cairo including El-Qeratten, El-Waraq, El-Zamalek, and El-Manial. Water quality, bacteria, phytoplankton, benthic algae, zooplankton, macrobenthic invertebrates, and bony fishes were examined at each island shore over two seasons including the lowest and the highest flow (February and July 2020, respectively). The obtained results showed that the average values of most of the chemicals in Nile Island's water were within the Egyptian water quality limits. Discriminant analysis of physicochemical factors revealed a similarity between El-Waraq and El-Qerateen and between El-Manial and El-Zamalek. El-Qeratten was the most polluted island. It has the highest total and fecal coliform bacteria count (3.155 and 3.050 Log MPN/100 mL, respectively). El-Zamalek shores have the highest phytoplankton (33,582 cells × 10

Viruses pose a serious threat to the sustainable production of economically important crops around the world. In the past 20 years, potato virus Y (PVY) emerged as a relatively new and very serious problem in potatoes, even though it is the oldest known plant virus. Multiple strains of the virus cause various symptoms on the leaves and tubers of potatoes, resulting in yield reduction and poor-quality tubers. Consequently, it would be very interesting to learn what causes systemic PVY resistance in plants. Natural compounds such as chitosan (CHT) and phosphorus have been developed as alternatives to chemical pesticides to manage crop diseases in recent years. In the current study, potato leaves were foliar-sprayed with chitosan and phosphorus to assess their ability to induce PVY resistance. Compared to untreated plants, the findings demonstrated a significant decrease in disease severity and PVY accumulation in plants for which CHT and P were applied. Every treatment includes significantly increased growth parameters, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, osmoprotectants (glycine betaine, proline, and soluble sugar), non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, phenols, and ascorbic acid), enzymatic antioxidants (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, lipoxygenase, glutathione reductase, catalase, β-1,3 glucanase, and ascorbate peroxidase), phytohormones (gibberellic acid, indole acetic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid), and mineral content (phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium), compared to infected plants. However, compared to PVY infection values, CHT and P treatments showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde, DPPH, H2O2, O2, OH, and abscisic acid levels. In addition, increased expression levels of some regulatory defense genes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), relative pathogenesis-related 1 basic (PR-1b), and relative phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), were found in all treated plants, compared to PVY-infected plants. Conclusion: Phosphorus is the most effective treatment for alleviating virus infections.

The Nile River is the soul of Egypt, providing more than 95% of its freshwater demand. However, it receives different pollutants discharged into the water body along its stretch from Aswan (downstream of the High Dam) to Cairo, which is approximately 950 km. Alternatively, sediments play an important role in the dynamics of the entire aquatic environment and act as a sink or a source of pollution in the overlying water under various conditions. This study assessed sediment quality and its heavy metal levels. Several indices and human health risks were determined to assess the potential ecological risk of the Nile River sediment. On the basis of the index results, Cd registered the highest pollution ranking, whereas Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Ni had the lowest effect. In another context, southern sites represented the lowest ecological risk relative to the central and northern sectors. The results of the noncarcinogenic hazard indices, hazard quotient, and hazard index in addition to the lifetime cancer risk were below the acceptable international limits, confirming that there are no adverse effects on the exposed population due to the Nile sediment.

This paper presents a widely tunable bandpass filter (BPF) that can autonomously adapt its gain to the power level of signals present within its passband. Similar to outphasing amplifiers, the filter realizes reconfigurable gain by splitting the input signal using two N-path filters into two components of equal and opposite phases (±Φ). The components are then subtracted at the filter output to reconstruct the original signal with a gain value proportional to sin(Φ). For input signals below -10 dBm, the BPF behaves as a conventional 4th-order filter that is tunable from 0.4 GHz to 1.5 GHz. Above the -10-dBm limit, the filter gain decreases by approximately -10 dB for each +10-dB increase in the input power to maintain the filter output power at a limiting level of -9.4 dBm. Unlike classical adaptive filters, the tunable filter achieves a sublimiting in-band IIP 3 of +8.36 dBm and an out-of-band IIP 3 of +27 dBm. The filter is implemented in 0.18-µm CMOS and has a NF of 11 dB.

Novel non-sulfonylureas derivatives bearing an acetamide linker between a spirohydantoin scaffold and a phenyl ring were prepared and their hypoglycemic activity was estimated in vivo . Their abilities to discriminate in vitro between aldehyde reductase (ALR1) and aldose reductase (ALR2) were determined. The molecular docking and the in silico prediction studies were performed to rationalize the obtained biological results and to predict the physicochemical properties and drug-likeness scores of the new compounds. N -(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(2′,4′-dioxospiro[fluorene-9,5′-imidazolidine]-3′-yl)acetamide ( 3e ) displayed an 84% reduction in blood glucose level superior to that of repaglinide 66% and showed an IC 50 value of 0.37 μM against ALR2 that is superior to that of sorbinil 3.14 µM. Compound ( 3e ) was selective 96 fold towards ALR2 which is closely related to serious diabetic complications. Based on the identification of this hit candidate, a new generation of safe and effective antidiabetic agents could be designed.

The alarming rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR)The formulation of phage within the nanofibrous structure of the electrospun G/F scaffold would result in antimicrobial activity against MDRPhg effective against MDRPhg-loaded G/F nanofibers revealed an amorphous structure with good thermal stability at temperatures below 300 °C and exhibited effective antibacterial activity against MDRThe developed G/F/Phg nanofibers are able to maintain the viability of phage and represent a promising antimicrobial dressing for wounds infected with MDR

This paper reports the first widely tunable N-path frequency-selective limiter (FSL). Eight stagger-tuned 4-path filters are alternately summed to establish a 4-channel BPF with a steep roll-off between the passband and the stopband. The limiting action of an FSL is realized by autonomously modulating the frequency separation between each of the two 4-path filters within a channel to control the channel's passband gain. For input signals below −2 dBm, the FSL behaves as a conventional BPF with a 250 MHz bandwidth. At each input spectral component exceeding this limiting threshold, the FSL provides a variable notch in its passband with increasing attenuation of −10 dB for each +10-dB increase in the input component power to maintain the troubling tone output power below −1.3 dBm. The implemented 4-channel FSL using $0.18-\mu \mathrm{m}$ CMOS is tunable from 0.3 GHz to 1 GHz and achieves a NF of 14.5 dB.

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar has extensive areas of application for both civil and military use due to its good performance and detection capabilities. FMCW radar signal processing is based on two main modules; Moving Target Indicator (MTI) and Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2D-FFT). Detection performance of FMCW radar is degraded due to the attenuation of the signals come from slowly moving targets with small visible Doppler frequencies. Also, the detection degradation of the targets whose beat frequency do not lie on the FFT grids. These problems have been introduced and overcome. In this paper, a complete design and implementation of LFMCW radar signal processor incorporating the solution of these problems are introduced on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to facilitate real time processing. Simulation and experimental measurement are found to be identical illustrating the capability of the applied methods. The hardware implementation includes generation of the digital sawtooth waveform, Dechirping process,2D_FFT processing, Windowing, MTI, Single Delay Line Integrator and off pin filter.

This paper presents an N-path switched-capacitor rectifier which is capable of realizing staircase conjugate impedance matching, without the use of inductors, to maximize the power transfer from a piezoelectric transducer. Measurements of the 0.18μm CMOS prototype demonstrate 13.9× improvement in extracted power compared to an ideal full-bridge rectifier.

Recently, several severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques have been developed with the aim of incorporating grain refinement and strengthening metal forming technology into the industry without dimensional changes. Multi-channel spiral twist extrusion (MCSTE) was innovated and patented in an attempt to provide an effective, cost-saving SPD process that would attract the industrial uptake of the renowned twist extrusion (TE) method. The MCSTE process is based on the use of customized stacked disks that host non-circular cross-sectioned billets extruded through a die with a twist angle (β). Hence, an empirical study was conducted on AA1100 to investigate the influence of 4 successive MCSTE passes on the mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of the extrudates compared to the as-received (AR) condition. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed for mapping the structural evolution, misorientation angles and the texture developed as a function of the processing passes. Additionally, hardness and tensile properties were evaluated and correlated with the EBSD findings. EBSD analysis revealed the formation of almost equiaxed grains after 1 pass, which were evolved into elongated grains aligned at approximately 45° relative to the extrusion direction after 2-passes. Moreover, MCSTE processing 1-pass produced a structure with 64% and 36% HAGB and LAGB, respectively, while 2-passes via MCSTE increased HAGBs to 80%. Processing 4-passes increased the amount of recovery depicted by the percentage of LABs within the grains, which was associated with a noticeable increase in the fraction of fine grains

Novel derivatives of spiroimidazolidinedione were synthesized and evaluated as hypoglycemic agents through binding to sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) in pancreatic beta-cells. Their selectivity index was calculated against both aldehyde reductase (ALR1) and aldose reductase (ALR2). Aldehyde reductase is a key enzyme in the polyol pathway that is involved in the etiology of the secondary diabetic complications. All structures were confirmed by microanalysis and by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EI-MS spectroscopy. The investigated compounds were subjected to molecular docking and an in silico prediction study to determine their free energy of binding (ΔG) values and predict their physicochemical properties and drug-likeness scores. Compound 1′-(5-chlorothiophene-2-ylsulfonyl)spiro[cyclohexane-1,5′-imidazolidine]-2′,4′-dione showed IC50 0.47 µM and 79% reduction in blood glucose level with a selectivity index 127 for ALR2.

Multi-channel Spiral Twist Extrusion (MCSTE) is introduced as a novel severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique for producing superior mechanical properties associated with ultrafine grained structure in bulk metals and alloys. The MCSTE design is based on inserting a uniform square cross-sectioned billet within stacked disks that guarantee shear strain accumulation. In an attempt to validate the technique and evaluate its plastic deformation characteristics, a series of experiments were conducted. The influence of the number of MCSTE passes on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of AA1100 alloy were investigated. Four passes of MCSTE, at a relatively low twisting angle of 30 deg, resulted in increasing the strength and hardness coupled with retention of ductility. Metallographic observations indicated a significant grain size reduction of 72 pct after 4 passes of MCSTE compared with the as-received (AR) condition. Moreover, the structural uniformity increased with the number of passes, which was reflected in the hardness distribution from the peripheries to the center of the extrudates. The current study showed that the MCSTE technique could be an effective, adaptable SPD die design with a promising potential for industrial applications compared to its counterparts.

Compressive Sensing (CS) theory uses the sparsity property in pulsed radar signal to reduce the number of measurements needed for digital acquisition, which causes reduction in the size, weight, power consumption, and cost [1-3]. A proposed adaptive recovery Complex Approximate Massage Passing (CAMP) reconstruction algorithm was introduced by the authors in [4] to enhance the detection performance of pulsed radar receiver compared to the traditional CAMP algorithm. In the present work, this proposed algorithm is used in pulsed radar receiver to resolve the limitation of the number of detected targets in the traditional CAMP algorithm with a remarkable reduction in time complexity.

This paper presents a recursive digital low-dropout (RLDO) regulator that improves response time, quiescent power, and load regulation dynamic range over prior digital LDO designs by 1–2 orders of magnitude. The proposed RLDO enables a practical digital replacement to analog LDOs by using an SAR-like binary search algorithm in a coarse loop and a sub-LSB pulse width modulation duty control scheme in a fine loop. A proportional-derivative compensation scheme is employed to ensure stable operation independent of load current, the size of the output decoupling capacitor, and clock frequency. Implemented in 0.0023 mm2 in 65 nm CMOS, the 7-bit RLDO achieves, at a 0.5-V input, a response time of 15.1 ns with a figure of merit of 199.4 ps, along with stable operation across a 20 000 $\times $ dynamic load range.

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of multi-channel spiral twist extrusion (MCSTE) processing on the mechanical properties and structural evolution of AA5083. The structural evolution and texture developed were mapped by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) for three successive passes and compared with an as-annealed plate. An evaluation of the hardness and tensile properties was presented and correlated with the EBSD findings. The displayed EBSD results revealed that grain refinement was strongly associated with the presence of a high density of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) after one pass, which developed into fine grains of less than 20 μm and high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) after three MCSTE passes. The three pass processing led to a 65% reduction in grain size. This reduction in grain size was coupled with an enhancement in the hardness and tensile properties. Additionally, the crystallographic texture study represented a slightly random texture due to the presence of intermetallic particles in AA5083. This study demonstrates the efficacy of MCSTE as a grain refinement tool.

Background: liver transplantation surgically replaces a failing or diseased liver with one that is normal and healthy. At this time, transplantation is the only cure for liver insufficiency or liver failure because no device or machine reliably performs all of the functions of the liver. Aim of the Work: this study aimed to highlight risk factors of the venous thromboembolism in donors of living donor liver transplant and its management. Patients and Methods: this study included 40 patients who underwent hepatectomy for living donor liver transplant. All patients were evaluated extensively, including history and physical examination and specialty consultations when indicated. All patients did haematological studies to detect the risk factors of thromboembolic disease. Results: in patients with manifestations of venous thromboembolism 2 donors have single risk factor for venous thromboembolism and 4 donors have double risk factors. Conclusion: presence of multiple risk factors for venous thromboembolism led to increase in its incidence, so during preoperative assessment of the donors, if they have multiple risk factors for thrombosis some precautions should be taken to avoid venous thrombosis. Recommendations: preoperative precautions include heamatological consultations for the donors and prophylaxis dose of anticoagulant. Intra operative precautions included pneumatic calf pressure, elastic stocking. Finally postoperative precautions should be continued , these donors should take therapeutic doses of anticoagulants and follow up by lower limb venous duplex.

A fully integrated CMOS power amplifier (PA) that efficiently generates high-voltage RF waveforms directly from a 4.8-V supply using only low-voltage thin-oxide transistors is introduced. High-voltage operation is achieved via implicit ~100% efficient dc–dc conversion enabled by stacking and flying individual class-D PA cells in a House-of-Cards (HoC) topology. By dynamically reconfiguring digitally controlled HoC slices to support different voltage conversion ratios and capacitively coupling their outputs, a Doherty-like high-efficiency backoff profile is achieved without using any magnetic impedance inverter. A test chip, implemented in 65-nm low-power CMOS, operates directly from 4.8 V using only 1.2-V transistors, and attains above 40% battery-to-RF efficiency at both 23-dBm peak power and at 6-dB backoff at 720 MHz. When applying a 10-MHz 16-quadrature amplitude modulation signal, the PA achieves an error vector magnitude of 3.6%-rms without using any predistortion techniques with an average output power and power-added efficiency of 15.7 dBm and 26.5%.

In the current research, the mechanical and tribological behavior, and structural evolution of AA2124-3 and 5-wt.% graphene (G) composites prepared by a combination of ball milling and hot extrusion were investigated. Properties such as macro and micro-hardness, nanohardness, tensile and lattice strain were characterized. Wear rates, coefficient of friction (COF) as well as nanoscratch testing were used to investigate the self-lubricating tribological behavior. X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy were employed. Hardness of the AA2124-G composite increased by 133 and 102%, the wear rates decreased by 34 and 25%, and the COF decreased by 25 and 9%, for the 3 and 5 wt.% G composites, respectively compared to the plain alloy extrudates. The AA2124-3 wt.% G composite displayed the least scratch depth and width and highest nanohardness. The uniform distribution of the 3-wt.% G-particles within the Al-matrices formed uniform G-tribofilm, which enhanced the tribological behavior of the composite.

Math anxiety describes feelings of tension, apprehension, and fear that interfere with math performance. High math anxiety (HMA) is correlated with negative consequences, including lower math grades, and ultimately an avoidance of quantitative careers. Given these adverse consequences, it is essential to explore effective intervention strategies to reduce math anxiety. In the present fMRI study, we investigated the efficacy of cognitive reappraisal as a strategy to alleviate the effects of math anxiety. Cognitive reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, has been shown to decrease negative affect and amygdala responsivity to stimuli that elicit negative emotion. We compared a reappraisal strategy to participants’ natural strategy for solving math problems and analogies. We found that HMA individuals showed an increase in accuracy and a decrease in negative affect during the reappraise condition as compared to the control condition. During math reappraise trials, increased activity in a network of regions associated with arithmetic correlated with improved performance for HMA individuals. These results suggest that increased engagement of arithmetic regions underlies the performance increases we identify in HMA students when they use reappraisal to augment their math performance. Overall, cognitive reappraisal is a promising strategy for enhancing math performance and reducing anxiety in math anxious individuals.

In the present study, a novel generation of selective aldose reductase ALR2 inhibitors with significant hypoglycemic activities was designed and modulated based on rhodanine scaffold joined to an acetamide linker in between two lipophilic moieties. The synthesis of the novel compounds was accomplished throughout simple chemical pathways. Molecular docking was performed on B-cell membrane protein SUR1, aldehyde reductase ALR1 and aldose reductase ALR2 active sites. Compounds 10B, 11B, 12B, 15C, 16C, 26F and 27F displayed the highest hypoglycemic activities with 80.7, 85.2, 87, 82.3, 83.5, 81.4 and 85.3% reduction in blood glucose levels, respectively. They were more potent than the standard hypoglycemic agent repaglinide with 65.4% reduction in blood glucose level. Compounds 12B and 15C with IC50 0.29 and 0.35 µM were more potent than the standard ALR2 inhibitor epalrestat with IC50 0.40 µM. They were selective towards ALR2 over ALR1 134 and 116 folds, respectively. Molecular docking studies matched with the in-vitro and in-vivo results to elucidate the dual activities of both compounds 12B and 15C as potent antagonists for ALR2 over ALR1 and good agonists for the SUR1 protein.

Egypt suffers from the impacts of climate change. Adaption plans should solve the shortage in water resources and increase the use of renewable energy. Detailed data on rainfall as non conventional water and detailed data on potential renewable energy are important. The added value of this research is to investigate the suitability of satellite data locally in North Sinai in Egypt. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellites and available data from ground rain gauges are studied at North Sinai of Egypt. Local multiplication factors and correlation equations on a monthly basis were developed based on short term historical data. General equation based on short term data was developed to enhance TRMM data for the rainy season to minimize spatial and temporal errors. This equation would be very useful, especially in the ungauged areas in North Sinai to adjust TRMM rainfall data. TRMM data are spatially distributed, so it enhances the hydrology models for runoff estimation. This runoff could be used as non conventional water resource. The runoff was estimated in the RasSudr area in the 2010 storm to be 3.6 (m3/s). The hydropower of this runoff was estimated and ranged from 15,135 to 57,352 (kWh). The solar energy is studied from (NASA) satellite data. The monthly averaged solar energy was estimated to get possible generated power from the solar panel at locations of rainfall ground stations. The generated solar energy would supply self-sufficient energy for ground stations measuring instruments rather than batteries. The results show that a small solar panel project of 200 (m2) could safe electric network power by generating about 20,385 (kWh/year). The results of this study could help in enhancing adapting plans for climate change and runoff estimation model that needs grid data, especially in the area lacking ground data.