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A study was carried out under the conditions of Harran Plain in 2016 to compare drip irrigation system (DIS) and subsurface drip irrigation system (SDIS) that contained different irrigation applications in cultivation of maize ( Zea mays L . indendata ). The irrigation treatment [I1 (1.5), I2 (1.25), I3 (1.0), I4 (0.75), I5 (0.5)] were determined according to Class A Pan method in both irrigation systems and optimum Class A Pan crop coefficients (Kcp) were investigated. The yield, the amount of irrigation water (I), the water consumption of plant (ET), the water use efficiency and the irrigation water use efficiency (WUE and IWUE) were obtained for maize. According to the irrigation water and the plant water consumption, the values of grain yield and 1000 grain yield were analyzed. As a result, the Kcp coefficient was determined as 1.25 for both irrigation systems. The yields were obtained to be between 698.4 and 1151.5 kg da -1 by using DIS and they were obtained between 705.4 and 1157.5 kg da -1 by using SDIS. According to the treatments, the amount of water applied by DIS and SSDIS were same and they changed between 421.5 and 1264.5 mm. The plant water consumption values were between 585.7 and 1294.6 mm according to DIS and they were between 572.5 and 1286.7 mm according to SSDIS. The water use efficiency and IWUE values were calculated as 0.82-1.19 kg m -3 , 0.83-1.66 kg m -3 for DIS and 0.83-1.23 kg m -3 , 0.84-1.67 kg m -3 for SSDIS respectively.

Çalışmada, mısır bitkisi (Zea mays L.) içinoptimum sulama zamanı planlaması ve gerçek zamanlı optimum sulama zamanıdeğerlendirmesi IRSISbilgisayar yazılımı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Değerlendirmede 2015 yılına aitiklim değerleri ve Harran Üniversitesi araştırma alanında yürütülen denemesonucunda Class A-Pan kabına göre elde edilen sulama suyu miktarları IRSISbilgisayar yazılımında kullanılarak gerçek zamanlı sulama değerlendirmesiyapılmış ve planlanan mısır sulaması ile gerçekleşen mısır sulaması ilişkisiirdelenmiştir. Planlamada sulama suyu miktarı 711.1 mm ve sulama randımanı %98.9 olurken gerçekleşen sulamada sulama suyu miktarı 989 mm ve sulamarandımanı % 60 olarak belirlenmiştir. Uygulamada aşırı su uygulaması yapılmışve derine sızmaya neden olunmuştur. Derine sızan su miktarı planlamada 114.2 mmolurken gerçekleşen sulamada 397.4 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Planlanan vegerçekleşen sulamaya göre verim kaybı yaşanmamıştır., In the study, planning of optimum irrigation time and real time optimum irrigation time’s evaluation for maize (Zea mays L.) was carried out by using IRSIS computer software In the evaluation, as a result of climate statics that are belong to year of 2015 and test which was performed in research area of Harran University, irrigation water that was obtained according to Class A Pan was used in IRSIS computer software and real time irrigation evaluation was carried out, relation of planned irrigation of maize and actualised irrigation of maize was examined. In the planned irrigation, amount of irrigation water was 711.1 mm and irrigation efficiency was 98.9%; in the actualised irrigation, the amount of irrigation water was 989 mm and irrigation efficiency was 60%. In practice, excess water application was performed and it caused leakage into the deep. Irrigation water that went to drainage in planning was 114.2 mm and it was 397.4 mm in the actualised irrigation. According to planned and actualised irrigation, there was no degradation.

Calismada; perlit ve su kulturu ortaminda yetistirilen domates ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Kurucaova) bitkisinin anatomik ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve karsilastirilmasi amaclanmistir. 2016 yilinda, Harran Universitesi’ndeki polikarbonat ortulu serada, Malatya Kurucaova yerli domates cesidi yetistirilmistir. Anatomik analizler icin; parafin icerisindeki kok, govde ve yaprak ornekleri Safranin, Fast Green ile boyanmis, isik mikroskobunda incelenmis ve bulgularin fotograflari cekilmistir. Kok, govde ve yapragin bazi dokularinda biyometrik olcumler yapilmistir. Olcumlere gore, iki ortamda yetistirilen bitkiler arasinda bazi farkliliklara rastlanmistir. Incelenen tum bitkilerde anatomik olarak benzer ozellikler saptanmistir. Kokler; 5-6 sirali, dalgali ceperli parankima hucrelerinden olusan kortekse sahiptir. Tek sira endodermis ve perisikl gozlenmistir. Govdeler; tek sirali epidermis, 1-2 sirali klorenkima, 4-5 sirali kollenkima ve 4-5 sirali parankimatik dokudan olusmaktadir. Iletim demetleri bir kusak gibi govdeyi cevrelemistir ve bikollateraldir. Iletim demetlerinin epidermise bakan yonunde floemin uzerinde 1-2 sirali sklerankima, oze bakan yonunde floemin altinda 1-2 hucreli sklerankima gozlenmistir. Oz parankimatiktir. Stoma, ortu ve salgi tuyleri gozlenmistir. Yapraklar; bifasiyal ve amfistomatiktir. Mezofil, tek sirali palizat parankimasi ve 2-3 sirali sunger parankimasindan olusmaktadir. Buyuk iletim demeti, bikollateraldir. Kucuk iletim demetleri, mezofilin icine gomuludur ve kollateral tiptedir. Ortu ve salgi tuylerine sahiptirler. Her iki bitkide kok, govde ve yaprakta kum ve prizmatik kristallere rastlanmistir. Sonuc olarak calismada; topraksiz tarim teknikleri kullanilarak farkli ortamlarda yetistirilen ekonomik bir bitkinin bazi anatomik ozellikleri ortaya konmustur. Elde edilen sonuclar, bolgede topraksiz tarim teknikleri kullanilarak yapilacak yetistiricilige katki saglayacak ve benzer bilimsel calismalara isik tutacaktir.

Sulama suyu tuzlulu ğ unun soğ an yumru verimi ve su tüketimi ile toprak profilinin tuzlula şmas ı na olan etkilerinin incelendiğ i bu çal ışma Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ara şt ı rma Seras ı nda 2001 y ı l ı nda saks ı denemeleri biçiminde üç tekrarlama!' olarak yürütülmü ştür. Soğ an tohumlar ı her saks ı da beş bitki olacak biçimde 31 May ı s tarihinde ekilmiş ve saks ı lar ı n hepsinde mevcut toprak nemi tarla kapasitesine ç ı kar ı larak ayn ı gün denemelere ba ş lanm ışt ı r. Saks ı ağı rl ı kları hasat tarihine kadar 2 Aral ı k her gün tart ı larak toprak nemi izlenmi ş ve elde edilen veriler günlük bitki su tüketiminin ve sulamalarda uygulanacak sulama suyu miktar ı n ı n belirlenmesinde kullan ı lm ışt ı r. Sulama uygulamalar ı nda şebeke suyu kontrol, EC:0.8 dS/m,T o ile tuzlulaşt ı rı lmış sular EC:1.6 dS/m, TI; 3.2 dS/m T2; 4.6 dS/m, T3 ve 6.1 dS/m, T4 kullan ı lm ışt ı r. Saks ı topraklar ı ndaki tuzlulaşmay ı belirlemek amacı yla ekimde, her büyüme periyodunun baş lang ı cı nda ve hasatta toprak örnekleri al ı nm ıştı r. Sulamalarda 1.6-6.1 dS/m aras ı nda elektriksel iletkenlik değerine sahip sular ı n kullan ı lmas ı yumru verimini % 34-68 ve bitki su tüketimini % 15-35 önemli ölçüde azalm ıştı r. Araşt ı rman ı n sonunda, deneme konular ı nda, toprak saturasyon eriyiklerinin elektriksel iletkenlikleri 0.54 dS/m den şebeke suyunun kullan ı ld ığı konuda To 0.81 dS/m, en yüksek tuzluluk değerine sahip sular ı n kullan ı ld ığı konuda T4 ise 4.47 dS/m düzeyine ula şmışt ı r., In a greenhouse pot experiment conducted in the Experimental Research Greenhouse at Süleyman Demirel University Campus, and investigated the effects of irrigation water salinity on onion's bulb yield, evapotranspiration and salinity in soil's profile during 2001 with three replacement. Onion seedlings were transplanted on May 31 at the density of five plant per pot. The experiment was started on the transplanting date with the soil content of all pots at field capacity. Soil moisture status monitored daily by weighing of pots until harvest December 2 , and the data used to determine the daily evapotranspiration and quantity of irrigation. Plants in the pots were irrigated with tap water controls, EC:0.8 dS/m,To or salinized water EC:1.6 dS/m, T l ; 3.2 dS/m T2; 4.6 dS/m, T3 and 6.1 dS/m, T4 . Soils sampled at the transplanted day, beginning of the each growth period and harvesting day to determine the salinization of pot's soil. Within the range of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water between 1.6 dS/m and 6.1 dS/m decreased the onion's bulb yield 34-68 % and evapotranspiration 15-35 % , significantly. At the end of the experiment, the electrical conductivity of the saturated soil extract in the treatment were formed from 0.54 to 0.81 dS/m used To and 4.47 dS/m used T4 .

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum water use of the dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Such information is needed by planners and producers for the design of irrigation schemes to minimise yield reductions under water deficit conditions. Under the present experimental conditions, high grain yields were obtained by meeting the full water needs of the crop (1.94-2.43 Mg ha-1), by meeting 75% of their needs (1.92-2.40 Mg ha-1), or by irrigation throughout the growing season except during ripening (1.93-2.23 Mg ha-1). Grain yields were reduced when irrigation water was not provided during the flowering and yield formation periods, and did not increase significantly in such cases even if water had been supplied during the establishment, vegetative, and ripening periods. The yield response factors for the entire growing season, and for the vegetative, flowering, yield formation and ripening periods, were 1.28, 0.36, 0.84, 0.80, and 0.08 respectively. Thus, to achieve effective vegetative production in semiarid regions such as Isparta, irrigation is absolutely necessary. Under limited water conditions, a water deficit of 25-50% is tolerable throughout the growing season, or during the vegetative and ripening periods. El objetivo de este trabajo fue optimizar el uso de agua para la judía de grano (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lo que es necesariopara que productores y gestores puedan diseñar esquemas de riego en condiciones deficitarias de agua. En las condiciones experimentales de este trabajo se obtuvo una alta productividad (1,94-2,43 Mg ha-1) cuando las necesidades de agua estaban completamente cubiertas. Cuando las necesidades de agua estaban cubiertas en un 75% y cuando se regaba toda la campaña excepto en la época de maduración, la productividad fue 1,92-2,40 y 1.93-2.23 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. El rendimiento de grano se redujo cuando no se suministró agua de riego durante los periodos de floración y maduración de granos, y este rendimiento no aumentó significativamente en tales casos aunque el agua se suministrara durante los periodos de establecimiento, vegetativo y maduración. Los factores de respuesta del rendimiento para el periodo de crecimientocompleto, y para los periodos vegetativo, de floración, de formación de granos y de maduración fueron de 1,28,0,36, 0,84, 0,80 y 0,08 respectivamente. Por tanto, para conseguir una producción efectiva en regiones semiáridas como Isparta, el riego es absolutamente necesario. En condiciones restringidas de agua, un déficit del 25-50% es tolerable a lo largo de toda la campaña, o durante los periodos vegetativo y de maduración.