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Athletes train and compete at an elite level during their reproductive years, yet little is known about their experiences during and after pregnancy and how they navigate these stages. This study will explore UK athletes' experiences during and after pregnancy, the support available to pregnant and postpartum athletes and their views on what is needed to support future athletes during their reproductive years.

The overall aim of this study is to investigate food insecurity, food behaviours and management strategies of limited resources, and their associations with wellbeing and diet quality among UK households, including households with children. Secondary analysis of a subset of the sample, those currently pregnant or who have experienced pregnancy in the past 12 months, will be conducted to investigate food insecurity and food behaviours during a key life stage for optimising nutrition. Additionally, initial psychometric and validation testing (EFA, CFA, internal consistency reliability [Cronbach's Alpha] will be conducted on the proposed new measure of confidence in changing food behaviours

Table S1. Univariate analysis of infant body composition at 6 months of age stratified by mode of early feeding in offspring born to obese women (n = 353). (DOCX 14 kb)

Figure S1. Distributional assessment of infant anthropometric measurements at 6Â months of age by stratified by offspring sex. (DOCX 33 kb)

Table S5. The association between mode of early feeding, timing of introduction of solid foods and infant anthropometry at 6Â months of age. (DOCX 15 kb)

Table S2. Postnatal characteristics previously implicated with infant adiposity, by UPBEAT randomisation allocation. (DOCX 15 kb)

Table S4. Associations between measures of infant appetite including measures of enjoyment of food, food responsiveness and slowness in eating with infant adiposity and anthropometry at 6 months of age, in offspring born to obese women (n = 353). (DOCX 15 kb)

Figure S2. Associations between measures of general appetite with infant obesity and growth at 6 months of age, in offspring born to obese women (n = 353). (DOCX 22 kb)

Table S3. Description and reasoning behind potential confounders associated with mode of early feeding and infant anthropometry at 6 months of age [22, 46–53, 54–59]. (DOCX 14 kb)

Table S7. Sensitivity analysis of removal of infants born > 34 weeks’ gestation and ≤ 37 weeks’ gestation (n = 8 excluded). (DOCX 14 kb)

Table S8. Predictors of missing exposure (mode of infant feeding) and maternal covariate data in infants with detailed anthropometric data at 6Â months of age. (DOCX 17 kb)

Table S9. Sensitivity analyses assessing the role of mode of early feeding on measures of infant anthropometry at 6 months of age., in offspring born to obese women (n = 353) using multiple imputation. (DOCX 15 kb)

Table S6. Comparison of baseline maternal and neonatal demographic, clinical, and anthropometric characteristics between those included (n = 353) and excluded (n = 1167) from the analysis. (DOCX 15 kb)

UPBEAT targeted dietary advice. (DOCX 11 kb)

Factor loadings of items in the four dietary patterns identified. (DOCX 15 kb)

Food items considered for identification of dietary patterns. (DOCX 15 kb)

UPBEAT targeted dietary advice. (DOCX 11 kb)

Food items considered for identification of dietary patterns. (DOCX 15 kb)

Factor loadings of items in the four dietary patterns identified. (DOCX 15 kb)