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Eleutheroside E (EE) exhibits immunocompetence, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can elicit a strong immune response. In vitro experiments were used to explore whether EE protects intestinal porcine jejunum epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) barriers from LPS stress. The experiment was divided into group C (control group: complete medium), group E (group C + 0.1 mg/mL EE), group L (group C + 10 μg/mL LPS), and group EL (adding 0.1 mg/mL EE for 6 h, and then adding 10 μg/mL LPS for culture). Finally, the cell proliferation, permeability, mRNA expression of cytokines, mRNA and protein expression of tight junctions (TJs) were analyzed. The result show that, when compared to the C group, EE significantly promoted the proliferation of IPEC-J2 at 58 h and showed low permeability (P 0.05), the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β mRNA expression were increased extremely significantly, the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ mRNA expression were extremely significantly decreased (P 0.01), the mRNA and protein expression of TJ were significantly increased in group E (P 0.05). However, LPS showed a damaging effect. EL group compared with L group, the cell index (CI) value was higher at 58 h (P 0.05), the permeability was significantly lower (P 0.05), the mRNA expressions of the inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated(P 0.01), and the TJ mRNA and protein relative expression were increased (P 0.05). In summary, the addition of EE protects the LPS-induced increase in permeability of IPEC-J2, potentially by expressing high levels of TJ proteins and inhibiting the increase of inflammatory cytokines.

Sharing medical data can improve the quality of medical services and reduce costs. However, the current Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are scattered and easily tampered with, which is not conducive to the sharing of EMRs and is not compatible with thin clients. Fortunately, blockchain technology is tamper-proof, decentralized, auditable, and meets the above requirements. To solve these problems, we first propose Blockchain-Based Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing on Thin-Client for Electronic Medical Records (BPDST) approach that combines the k-anonymity and cloud storage, which thin clients can run like a full-node user and safeguard user's EMRs privacy concurrently. Using this approach, patients can control their own EMRs, while the consortium blockchain is responsible for the transaction process and sending the correct results to the patients. BPDST can also share information without leaking or tampering with EMRs' privacy, achieving the purpose of sharing medical data and privacy protection. In the medical field, this study can effectively protect users' privacy when sharing medical data to provide convenience for users and break the "island" phenomenon among various medical institutions. Security analysis and extensive experiments show that BPDST is secure and practical for sharing EMRs.

Women with labial hypertrophy may opt for labiaplasty. The aim of the study was to analyze the complications, long-term follow-up of clinical outcomes and satisfaction in this population over the past 10 years.All women who underwent labiaplasty with or without clitoral hood reduction at our center between January 2008 and August 2020 were retrospectively identified. Retrospective study was conducted, recording follow-up outcomes, motivations, techniques, postoperative complications, reasons requiring reoperation, and surgical satisfaction concerned different clinical characteristics. A concrete analysis of each specific outcome and a detailed knowledge of these procedures were performed.A total of 52.41% reported functional impairment, 20.25% cited aesthetics complains, and 27.34% were motivated by both the previously mentioned reasons. Women undergoing surgical correction sometimes mixed with various psychological aspects. A total of 91.06% reported that they were moderately (6.04%) or extremely (85.02%) satisfied with the outcomes after surgery, and 37 (8.94%) reported dissatisfied. Revision surgery was needed in a small number of patients (n = 7 of 414 patients, 1.69%) because of undesirable appearance. The most common complication in our patients was asymmetry (6.28%). Women requested labiaplasty in the last 2 reasons or procedures or without psychological distress were more likely feel satisfied with the results (satisfaction rate90%). There was a significant difference in satisfaction among the 3 concerns as well as between the 2 kinds of psychological conditions ( P0.05). Satisfaction of patients with aesthetic complains compared with the other 2 worries was significantly lower ( P0.05). There was no significant difference among the 3 procedures in this comparison group ( P0.05). In addition, satisfaction in labiaplasty with or without clitoral hoodoplasty, neither of which was statistically different ( P0.05). Patients aged 30 to 39 years reported the lowest satisfaction in comparison with the other age groups.Labiaplasty of the labia minora is the most commonly performed genital cosmetic surgery procedure. This study on 414 patients demonstrated that it is associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction and low morbidity and provided evidence of safety and effectiveness preliminary, indicating that the procedure may be regarded as safe.

The concept of self-healing concrete emanated from one of the most prestigious biological properties which is to naturally proceed healing performance when any damage appears and regenerating the functions. Thus, by relating that mechanism in engineering with the common phenomenon of crack formation, this concept has been studied and evaluated over the past years where Self-healing concrete was defined as the ability of cementitious composites to reduce or completely heal a crack width autogenously or autonomously upon damage. Therefore, test method and experimental procedure are conducted to ensure the efficiency of the mechanical properties and performances of the concrete, and also to help in a case of a research work or project; gathering some necessary information or data to apply adequately on a proposed hypothesis or work because the success of experimental research usually confirms that the change observed in the variable under study is solely based on the manipulation of the independent variable. In this paper, the emphasis is highlighted on test method and experimental procedure of self-healing concrete conducted on grout (W), commercial grout with 10% expansion agent (CCSA) and research grout with addition of expansion agent (WCSA) to evaluate its mechanical properties and performances. Keywords: Self-healing, autogenous, autonomous, grout test method.

BackgroundGlucocorticoid usage and alcohol abuse are the most widely accepted risk factors for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). Despite distinct etiologies between glucocorticoid-associated ONFH (GONFH) and alcohol-associated ONFH (AONFH), little is known about the differences of the microarchitectural and histomorphologic characteristics between these subtypes of ONFH.PurposesTo investigate bone microarchitecture, bone remodeling activity and histomorphology characteristics of different regions in femoral heads between GONFH and AONFH.MethodsFrom September 2015 to October 2020, 85 patients diagnosed with GONFH and AONFH were recruited. Femoral heads were obtained after total hip replacement. Femoral head specimens were obtained from 42 patients (50 hips) with GONFH and 43 patients (50 hips) with AONFH. Micro-CT was utilized to assess the microstructure of 9 regions of interest (ROIs) in the femoral head. Along the supero-inferior orientation, the femoral head was divided into necrotic region, reactive interface, and normal region; along the medio-lateral orientation, the femoral head was divided into medial region, central region and lateral region. Decalcified and undecalcified bone histology was subsequently performed to evaluate histopathological alterations and bone remodeling levels.ResultsIn the necrotic region, most of the microarchitectural parameters did not differ significantly between GONFH and AONFH, whereas both the reactive interface and normal region revealed a less sclerotic microarchitecture but a higher bone remodeling level in GONFH than AONFH. Despite similar necrotic pathological manifestations, subchondral trabecular microfracture in the necrotic region was more severe and vasculature of the reactive interface was more abundant in GONFH.ConclusionsGONFH and AONFH shared similar microarchitecture and histopathological features in the necrotic region, while GONFH exhibited a less sclerotic microarchitecture and a more active bone metabolic status in both the reactive interface and normal region. These differences between GONFH and AONFH in bone microarchitectural and histopathological characteristics might contribute to the development of disease-modifying prevention strategies and treatments for ONFH, taking into etiologies.

The roles of short/small open reading frames (sORFs) have been increasingly recognized in recent years due to the rapidly growing number of sORFs identified in various organisms due to the development and application of the Ribo-Seq technique, which sequences the ribosome-protected footprints (RPFs) of the translating mRNAs. However, special attention should be paid to RPFs used to identify sORFs in plants due to their small size (~30 nt) and the high complexity and repetitiveness of the plant genome, particularly for polyploidy species. In this work, we compare different approaches to the identification of plant sORFs, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and provide a guide for choosing different methods in plant sORF studies.

Partial cubes are the graphs which can be embedded into hypercubes. The cube polynomial of a graph $G$ is a counting polynomial of induced hypercubes of $G$, which is defined as $C(G,x):=\sum_{i\geqslant 0}\alpha_i(G)x^i$ where $\alpha_i(G)$ is the number of induced $i$-cubes (hypercubes of dimension $i$) of $G$. The clique polynomial of $G$ is defined as $Cl(G,x):=\sum_{i\geqslant 0}a_i(G)x^i$ where $a_i(G)$ ($i\geqslant 1$) is the number of $i$-cliques (complete subgraphs of order $i$) in $G$ and $a_0(G)=1$. Equivalently, $Cl(G, x)$ is exactly the independence polynomial of the complement $\overline{G}$ of $G$. The crossing graph $G^{\#}$ of a partial cube $G$ is the graph whose vertices are corresponding to the $\Theta$-classes (the equivalent classes of edge set) of $G$, and $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$ are adjacent in $G^{\#}$ if and only if they cross in $G$. In the present paper, we prove that for a partial cube $G$, $C(G,x)\leqslant Cl(G^{\#}, x+1)$ and the equality holds if and only if $G$ is a median graph (a special partial cube). Since every graph can be represented as the crossing graph of a median graph [SIAM J. Discrete Math., 15 (2002) 235--251], the above necessary-and-sufficient result shows that the study on the cube polynomials of median graphs can be transformed to the one on the clique polynomials of general graphs (equivalently, on the independence polynomials of their complements). In addition, we disprove the conjecture that the cube polynomials of median graphs are unimodal., Comment: 13 pages, 1figures

Technological advances have paved the way for collecting high-resolution tracking data in basketball, football, and other team-based sports. Such data consist of interactions among players of competing teams indexed by space and time. High-resolution tracking data on interactions among players are vital to understanding and predicting the performance of teams, because the performance of a team is more than the sum of the strengths of its individual players. We introduce a continuous-time stochastic process as a model of interactions among players of competing teams indexed by space and time, discuss properties of the continuous-time stochastic process, and learn the stochastic process from high-resolution tracking data by pursuing a Bayesian approach. We present an application to Juventus Turin, Inter Milan, and other Italian football clubs.

There are currently no well-established treatment strategies for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) for patients with only positive lateral margin (LM+) following endoscopic resection (ER). The present study aimed to find a treatment strategy for patients with early ESCC with non-curative resection (non-CR) and only LM+ following ER. In total, 511 patients with early ESCC treated at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Shijiazhuang, China) with ER were retrospectively analyzed, 41 of which (8%) were patients with only LM+ after non-CR. Of these, 28 patients received re-ER and 13 received additional surgical treatment. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients were analyzed and those who underwent additional surgery vs. re-ER were compared. Residual cancer cells were found in 27 patients (27/41, 65.9%) following re-ER or additional surgery. A significant increase in residual cancer cells was observed in patients with poorly differentiated cancer and patients with multiple LM+ (P=0.03 and P=0.015, respectively). Older patients and patients with single LM+ tended to choose re-ER (P=0.023 and P=0.038, respectively). In addition, there were three cases (3/13, 23.1%) of lymph node metastasis in the additional surgery group. However, within the limited follow-up time (mean, 36.1±24.1 months), no recurrence or metastasis was found in the remaining patients. The results showed that re-ER may be a more suitable additional therapy compared with surgery for patients with LM+ following non-CR, at least in the medium-term.

With the popularity of the Android operating system on mobile devices, unscrupulous people prefer to attack Android devices, which results in the emergence of Android malware. This paper proposes an Android malware detection approach based on Summation of Multi-order Derivatives LSTM (SoMD-LSTM). In order to learn various runtime features of Android malware, the summation of multi-order derivatives is introduced to LSTM. As a result, SoMD-LSTM can describe the dynamic behavior of Android malware quantitatively by the summation of multi-order derivatives. Experiments show that the proposed Android malware detection approach has a better performance than LSTM and other methods.

Understanding the mechanism of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is of paramount importance in sustaining crop productivity and mitigating climate change. Long-term trials were employed to investigate the responses of total SOC and its pools, i.e., mineral-associated OC (MOC), particulate OC (POC, containing Light-POC and Heavy-POC), to fertilization regimes at Yangling (25-year), Tianshui (35-year) and Pingliang (37-year) under a rain-fed cropping system in the Loess Plateau. The fertilization regimes in each trial included three treatments, i.e., control (no nutrient input, CK), chemical fertilizers (CF), and organic manure plus chemical fertilizers (MCF). Relative to the CK, long-term fertilization appreciably increased SOC storage by 134, 89 and 129 kg ha−1 yr−1 under CF, and 418, 153 and 384 kg ha−1 yr−1 under MCF in plough layer soils (0–20 cm), respectively, at the Yangling, Tianshui and Pingliang sites. The MOC pools accounted for 72, 67 and 64% of the total SOC at the above three sites with sequestration rates of 76, 57 and 83 kg ha−1 yr−1 under CF and 238, 118 and 156 kg ha−1 yr−1 under MCF, respectively. Moreover, the MOC pool displayed a saturation behavior under MCF conditions. The POC accordingly constituted 27, 33 and 36% of SOC, of which Light-POC accounted for 11, 17 and 22% and Heavy-POC for 17, 16 and 15% of SOC, respectively. The sequestration rates of POC were 58, 32 and 46 kg ha−1 yr−1 under CF, and 181, 90 and 228 kg ha−1 yr−1 under MCF at the three respective sites, in which Light-POC explained 59, 81 and 72% of POC under CF, and 60, 40 and 69% of POC under MCF, with Heavy-POC accounting for the balance. Compared with CK, the application of CF alone did not affect the proportions of MOC or total POC to SOC, whereas MCF application markedly reduced the proportion of MOC and increased the POC ratio, mainly in the Light-POC pool. The distribution of SOC among different pools was closely related to the distribution and stability of aggregates. The present study confirmed that organic manure amendment not only sequestered more SOC but also significantly altered the composition of SOC, thus improving SOC quality, which is possibly related to the SOC saturation level.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/Titanium alloy (Ti) stacks are being extensively applied in the aerospace industry for excellent mechanical properties. However, their poor machinability poses great challenges to the aircraft manufacturing industry. In this study, longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration drilling (LT-UVD) is innovatively introduced to improve the quality of CFRP/Ti drilling. First, the separation mode of LT-UVD was analyzed by kinematic equation. Then, an experimental platform was built based on LT-UVD vibration actuator to carry out CFRP/Ti drilling experiments. The thrust force, interface temperature, hole wall quality, hole defects, Ti chip morphologies and tool wear in conventional drilling (CD), Longitudinal ultrasonic vibration drilling (L-UVD), and LT-UVD were compared in the experiment. The experimental results show that compared with CD and L-UVD, the thrust force of CFRP in LT-UVD decreases by 20.36%-40.55% and 2.04%-14.61%, and the thrust force of Ti decreases by 19.08%-24.83% and 1.95%-9.34%. At the same time, a relatively low maximum interface temperature is achieved in LT-UVD. In addition, the hole size accuracy, surface roughness for hole inner surface, and delamination factor are improved in LT-UVD. Due to the existence of torsional vibration in LT-UVD, the cavity and fiber pull-out defects, chip breaking performance, and tool wear of CFRP are improved. Finally, it is observed by high-speed camera that the damage forms of the interface area are different when drilling CFRP/Ti stacks with different drilling sequence.

Immune cells, including neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, NKT cells and macrophages, participate in the progression of acute liver injury and hepatic recovery. To date, there has been no systematic study on the quantitative changes in these different immune cells from initial injury to subsequent recovery.To investigate the infiltration changes of various immune cells in acute liver injury models over time, and to study the relationship between the changes in leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) and the infiltration of several immune cells.Carbon tetrachloride- and concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury models were employed to mimic toxin-induced and autoimmune-mediated liver injury respectively. The quantitative changes in various immune cells were monitored at different time points. Serum samples were collected, and liver tissues were harvested. Ly6G, CD161, CD4, CD8 and F4/80 staining were used to indicate neutrophils, NK/NKT cells, CD4During the injury and repair process, different types of immune cells began to increase, reached their peaks and fell into decline at different time points. Furthermore, when the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) indices reverted to normal levels 7 d after the injury, the infiltration of immune cells still existed even 14 d after the injury, showing an obvious lag effect. We found that the expression of LECT2 was upregulated in acute liver injury mouse models, and the liver injuries of Lect2-KO mice were less severe than those of wild-type mice. Compared with wild-type mice, Lect2-KO mice had different immune cell infiltration.The recovery time of immune cells was far behind that of serum ALT and AST during the process of liver repair. LECT2 could regulate monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis and might be used as a therapeutic target for acute liver injury.

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a life-threatening complication of cardiovascular disease. HF patients are more likely to progress to acute kidney injury (AKI) with a poor prognosis. However, it is difficult for doctors to distinguish which patients will develop AKI accurately. This study aimed to construct a machine learning (ML) model to predict AKI occurrence in HF patients.Materials and methodsThe data of HF patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database was retrospectively analyzed. A ML model was established to predict AKI development using decision tree, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and logistic regression (LR) algorithms. Thirty-nine demographic, clinical, and treatment features were used for model establishment. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were used to evaluate the performance of the ML algorithms.ResultsA total of 2,678 HF patients were engaged in this study, of whom 919 developed AKI. Among 5 ML algorithms, the RF algorithm exhibited the highest performance with the AUROC of 0.96. In addition, the Gini index showed that the sequential organ function assessment (SOFA) score, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were highly relevant to AKI development. Finally, to facilitate clinical application, a simple model was constructed using the 10 features screened by the Gini index. The RF algorithm also exhibited the highest performance with the AUROC of 0.95.ConclusionUsing the ML model could accurately predict the development of AKI in HF patients.

Reputation system is an important means to build trust, aid decision making of users, and sustain user loyalty in the context of online services. However, different users inherently have different preferences, and so it is impossible that all users rate services with the same criteria. Thus, aggregating cardinal ratings into reputation will potentially lead to unreliable and misleading result, which makes the impossibility of interpersonal utility comparisons should be considered in reputation systems. In this paper, we propose a novel reputation measurement mechanism that aggregates ordinal user preferences rather than cardinal ratings into reputation. By extending the majority rule naturally, dominance relationship between services is defined based on ordinal preferences. Then, reputation measurement is modelled as a problem to find a ranking that indicates the dominance relationships among services. A directed acyclic graph is constructed based on the dominance relationships of services pairs and then the ranking of services is found from the graph. We prove our method satisfies some basic criteria that a reasonable reputation measurement method should satisfy in the context of the impossibility of interpersonal utility comparisons. We also conduct a comprehensive experimental study and performance analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). The microstructure characteristics in early stage shear localization of near-α Ti−6Al−2Zr−1Mo−1V titanium alloy were investigated by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests using hat-shaped specimens. The microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms of hat-shaped specimens were revealed by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. It is found that the nucleation and expansion of adiabatic shear band (ASB) are affected by both geometric and structural factors. The increase of dislocation density, structure fragment and temperature rise in the deformation-affected regions provide basic microstructural conditions. In addition to the dislocation slips, the extension twins detected in shear region also play a critical role in microstructural fragmentation due to twin-boundaries effect. Interestingly, the sandwich structure imposes a crucial influence on ASB, which finally becomes a mature wide ASB in the dynamic deformation. However, due to much larger width, the sandwich structure in the middle of shear region is also possible to serve as favorable nucleation sites for crack initiation. Pre-research Project of Equipment Development Department of China (No. 41422010505); Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shanxi Province, China (No. 2019CGHJ-21).

The structure and function of gastrointestinal tract in premature infants are immature, improving the nutritional status of premature infants, which has positive significance to physical and intellectual development in preterm infants and reduce complications. Therefore, the study of nutritional support therapy for premature infants has gradually attracted the attention of clinical medical workers. Breast milk is the best food for premature infants, but mothers of premature infants have delayed lactation and the establishment of a breast milk bank in our country is still in its infancy. The lack of a sound management and supervision mechanism is far from meeting the needs of children. When breastfeeding is not possible, it is particularly important to choose suitable formula milk (standard preterm infant formula, hydrolyzed protein formula milk, etc.), and improve feeding tolerance. At present, there are some controversies about the application of hydrolyzed protein formula milk and standard preterm infant formula in nutritional support therapy of premature infants, this study conducts a meta-analysis on the published clinical randomized controlled trials of preventive hydrolyzed protein formula milk for newborns. To the newborns who cannot breastfeeding, it will adopt a scientific evaluation system to compare the effectiveness and safety of preventive use of hydrolyzed protein formula milk and standard preterm infant formula in the nutritional support therapy of premature infants, and the effectiveness and safety of preventive use of hydrolyzed protein formula milk in reducing gastrointestinal diseases and promoting physical development of premature infants.

Pipe vibration induced by water hammer frequently emerges in water conveyance system, especially in the hydropower plant or pumped storage power station with long diversion pipelines. This vibration in turn affects the hydraulic pulsation so that undesired fluid-structure interaction (FSI) arises. In this research, attention is given to a pipeline embedded in concrete. A six-equation model was derived to describe the fluid-pipe-concrete interaction considering Poisson coupling and junction coupling. With the elastic and homogeneous hypotheses, an iterative approach was proposed to solve this model, and the results were validated by experiment and classical water-hammer theory. Then dynamic FSI responses to water hammer were studied in a reservoir-pipe-valve physical system. Hydraulic pressure, pipe wall stress and axial motion were discussed with respect to different parameters of concrete. Results obtained by the two-equation model, four-equation model and six-equation model show characteristics of pressure wave and stress wave separately with and without FSI.

The excellent dynamic performance of styrene–butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt comes from the interaction of the molecules, but the interaction mechanism between the SBS polymer and asphalt ...

Electro-arc machining (EAM) is a novel type of electrical discharge machining (EDM) that adopts high-energy arc discharges to erode workpiece materials. The workpiece polarity and the dielectric medium flushing have complex effects on the machining process and the EAM results. To fully understand these effects is beneficial to reveal the mechanism of EAM. Two single-pulsed arc discharge experiments with factors, namely, workpiece polarity and flushing pressure, were conducted. As the experimental results, the craters were measured using the microscopy images and surface profiles. The experiments found clear evidence of the polarity effect. The arc root diameter of positive workpiece polarity was smaller than that of negative workpiece polarity, while the crater diameter of positive workpiece polarity was bigger than that of negative workpiece polarity. Additionally, the effects of flushing are obvious. The arc plasma was moved along the flushing direction, which turned the common round crater into a crater with a tail. The crater depth was unaffected by workpiece polarity in the experiments and grew bigger when flushing was adopted, which means that flushing was beneficial to the material removal in EAM. It was deduced that the material removal appeared in the head of the crater mostly while the tail was composed of neglectable pits. The bulge height was increased slowly with an increase in flushing pressure, which was against good gap state and high material removal. Based on the results of the experiments, it is suggested that the EAM processes should adopt both arc-breaking methods to get better machining results.

TiBw / TC4 composite material was used as the machining object of Ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling (UVAD), the single directional three-degree-of-freedom dynamical system model was established. The dynamic signal test and analysis system was used for modal experiment to identify the parameters in the model. Under the condition of dry cutting, the drilling axial force and tool vibration in the drilling process are studied. The results showed that the maximum values of the predicted and measured axial drilling force were 412.5N and 439.6N respectively, and the error rate was 6.165%, which verified the reliability of the predicted axial drilling force model. For cutting tools, the average amplitudes of simulated vibration and measured vibration were 0.1124mm and 0.1151mm respectively, with a difference of 2.402%, and the overall trends were the same, which verifies the reliability of the dynamical model. Finally, the stability of drilling process was analyzed, and the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration were analyzed. The results show that in order to expand the unconditional stability region, it is more efficient to increase the amplitude than to increase the frequency.

This paper aims on slicing of monocrystalline silicon wafers using a newly developed diamond multi-wire reciprocating saw under ingot rocking process. A contact wire length model based on ingot rocking was established. The influence of motion parameters of ingot rocking on the surface quality of multi-wire sawn monocrystalline silicon wafers had been experimentally studied. The slicing surface morphology, surface roughness, and surface hardened layer were investigated by using scanning electron microscope, laser scanning microscopy, and microhardness tester. Results show that compared with the multi-wire cutting mode with an ingot rocking amplitude of 0°, ingot rocking (θm ≠ 0) can reduce the contact wire length of sawing by almost half at any time, and realize discontinuous and segmented sawing of large-diameter silicon wafers. By reducing the contact wire length, the cutting mode under ingot rocking can achieve better surface morphologies, and reduce roughness, thickness of the hardened layer and microhardness of the surface in silicon wafer cutting. Compared with the mode of multi-wire reciprocating sawing with an ingot rocking amplitude of 0°, an ingot rocking amplitude of 5°can reduce roughness, thickness of the hardened layer, and microhardness of the surface in silicon wafer cutting about 30.1%, 20.1%, and 11.3%. Though the ingot rocking amplitude did not significantly influence the contact wire length during the cutting process, the ingot rocking motion significantly influences the ingot feed speed, an ingot rocking amplitude of 5°instead of 3° or 7° is suggested for the best surface quality.

Titanium Matrix Composites (TMCs) are widely used in aerospace because of their excellent mechanical properties, but it is accompanied by the difficulty of machining. Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Drilling (UVAD) can effectively reduce the axial force in the drilling process and improve the integrity of machined surface. In this paper, the discontinuous titanium matrix composite TiBw/TC4 was developed by preparation method of in situ. In order to obtain the machining parameters of TiBw/TC4 and guide the application of UVAD in TiBw/TC4, the contrast experiments between conventional drilling (CD) and UVAD were carried out to analyze the variation law of axial force. In this experiment, the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration were set as 35 kHz and 2.5 μm respectively, and the drilling conditions were that the spindle speed was (1500/1600/1700/1800/1900) r/min and the feed speed was (6/7/8/9/10) mm/min. The surface integrity of hole wall such as roughness, residual stress and white layer was discussed. The experimental results show that the yield strength of TiBw/TC4 developed by in situ is 51% higher than that of pure TC4. Compared with CD, the axial force of TiBw/TC4 in UVAD is significantly reduced, and the formation of continuous chips and winding cutters is effectively reduced. Besides, the wear rate of the cutters is reduced. The number and size of hole wall defects, such as scratches, delamination and tearing, are obviously reduced. As well as the residual stress, white layer thickness and hole wall roughness are reduced by 4.67–16.31%, 42.48% and 5.98–29.27% respectively. Within the limits of the experiment, when the spindle speed is 1700 r/min and the feed speed is 8 mm/min, UVAD can obtain better hole wall surface integrity parameters.

Accurate prediction for the deformation of the roll system is a key to improve the accuracy of the preset model and on-line control model of strip cold rolling processes. A non-linear finite element contact model to simulate the roll system deformation has been developed for4h cold strip rolling mill. Roll process of 4-high cold strip mill is simulated and analyzed by 3D elastic-plastic FEM on the bases of software ANSYS. In the model, the elastic deformation of work roll and backup roll, the plastic deformation of the strip and the pressure of strip and the work and the backup roll were taken into account. Results show that the work roll HYPERLINK "javascript:showjdsw ('showjd_0','j_0')" asymmetric bending is the most effective mean in these strip shape controlling means. The calculated roll gap profile is close to the measured values. This model can improve the accuracy of final products through a correct preset model and on-line control model of strip.

BackgroundLipid metabolism disorder, as one major complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is tied to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Traditional lipid-lowering statins have been found to have limited benefit for the final CVD outcome of CKD patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microinflammation on CVD in statin-treated CKD patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed statin-treated CKD patients from January 2013 to September 2020. Machine learning algorithms were employed to develop models of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and CVD indices. A fivefold cross-validation method was employed against the problem of overfitting. The accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were acquired for evaluation. The Gini impurity index of the predictors for the random forest (RF) model was ranked to perform an analysis of importance.ResultsThe RF algorithm performed best for both the LDL and CVD models, with accuracies of 82.27% and 74.15%, respectively, and is therefore the most suitable method for clinical data processing. The Gini impurity ranking of the LDL model revealed that hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was highly relevant, whereas statin use and sex had the least important effects on the outcomes of both the LDL and CVD models. hs-CRP was the strongest predictor of CVD events.ConclusionMicroinflammation is closely associated with potential CVD events in CKD patients, suggesting that therapeutic strategies against microinflammation should be implemented to prevent CVD events in CKD patients treated by statin.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The mutated sequence identified from the S-6 proband with his parents. The red box indicates the emplacement of the mutations and the change of the amino acids sequence.

Presentation to National Environmental Monitoring Conference on Aug. 1-5 Science Inventory, CCTE products: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_search_results.cfm?advSearch=true&showCriteria=2&keyword=CCTE&TIMSType=&TIMSSubTypeID=&epaNumber=&ombCat=Any&dateBeginPublishedPresented=07/01/2017&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&DEID=&personName=&personID=&role=Any&journalName=&journalID=&publisherName=&publisherID=&sortBy=pubDate&count=25

Additional file 3: Table S1. Phenotypes in WS patients with PAX3, SOX10 and MITF mutations.

Additional file 4: Table S2. Clinical phenotypes and genotypes of the SOX10 mutated patients with inner ear malformations.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Pearson’s Correlation for Resistance at 5 Hz, Resistance at 20 Hz, Reactance at 5 Hz, Impedance at 5 Hz, Resonant Frequency, and Reactance Curve Area Below Zero for Boys and Girls. Table S1. Respiratory System Reference Equations Obtained by the Impulse Oscillometry System for Boys and Girls.

Presentation to NTA Focused Topic Meeting (SETAC) on May 22-26, 2022 in Durham, NC Science Inventory, CCTE products: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_search_results.cfm?advSearch=true&showCriteria=2&keyword=CCTE&TIMSType=&TIMSSubTypeID=&epaNumber=&ombCat=Any&dateBeginPublishedPresented=07/01/2017&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&DEID=&personName=&personID=&role=Any&journalName=&journalID=&publisherName=&publisherID=&sortBy=pubDate&count=25

Poster for the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)- Non targeted Analysis meeting May 22-25, 2022 in Durham NC Science Inventory, CCTE products: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_search_results.cfm?advSearch=true&showCriteria=2&keyword=CCTE&TIMSType=&TIMSSubTypeID=&epaNumber=&ombCat=Any&dateBeginPublishedPresented=07/01/2017&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&DEID=&personName=&personID=&role=Any&journalName=&journalID=&publisherName=&publisherID=&sortBy=pubDate&count=25

Supplemental Material for Using the technology acceptance model to examine acceptance of telemedicine by cancer patients in an ambulatory care setting by Zhi Yao Chan, Chen Fang Lim, Jo Lene Leow, Feng Yong Chium, Su Wen Lim, Charlotte Hui Min Tong, Jessie Jie Xi Zhou, Moses Min Yuan Tsi, Ryan Ying Cong Tan, and Chew Sui Tjien Lita in Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare

Presentation to NTA for Environmental Assessment on May 22-26, 2022 Science Inventory, CCTE products: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_search_results.cfm?advSearch=true&showCriteria=2&keyword=CCTE&TIMSType=&TIMSSubTypeID=&epaNumber=&ombCat=Any&dateBeginPublishedPresented=07/01/2017&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&DEID=&personName=&personID=&role=Any&journalName=&journalID=&publisherName=&publisherID=&sortBy=pubDate&count=25

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. The schematic representation and protein conservativeness analysis of the localization of two new missense mutations. A. The PAX3 gene mutation detected in the S-4.The variant c.214A>G(p.Ile72Val) represented in red is a novel mutation.The mutation site was conservative among multiple species. PBD: pair box domain;HD: HMG domain. B. The MITF gene mutation detected in the S-7.The variant c.626A>T(p.His209Leu) represented in red is a novel mutation.The mutation site was conservative among multiple species. Basic: Basic domain; HLH: Helix-Loop-Helix domain; LZ: Leucine zipper domain.

Foundation pit monitoring can only provide feedback regarding the deformation of the formation and envelope structure after construction, and it is difficult to predict the deformation law of a continuous underground wall in the later stage of underground grain silo support. Taking the deep foundation pit of a continuous underground wall of an underground grain silo as an example, this paper uses Abaqus software to simulate the force of the project, explores the calculation results of the planar elastic foundation beam considering the arch effect and the numerical simulation technology of the foundation pit’s support, and analyzes and compares the rationality of the model. The analysis of the deformation form of the continuous underground wall by both calculation methods is a parabolic combination. The maximum horizontal displacement of the continuous underground wall, according to the Abaqus software, is 6.23 mm, and the other calculation result is 4.7 mm; the maximum settlement on the surface is 11.34 mm, according to the Abaqus software, and the other maximum settlement is 8 mm. The simulation results show that the simulated value is basically consistent with the measured value, and the simulated value is slightly larger than the measured value because the interference conditions are idealized during simulation. The accuracy and rationality of the numerical simulation are verified, and the parameters, such as the thickness and burial depth of the continuous underground wall, can be changed to provide a reference for the support method of a deep foundation pit similar to a continuous underground wall.

Tu H, Wei G, Cai Q, et al. Onco Targets Ther. 2015;8:2227–2235. At the authors request, The Editor and Publisher of OncoTargets and Therapy wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised regarding similarities between the nontumor (NT) plot shown in Figure 1A with that from the nontumor plot of Figure 1A from Sun et al (2015) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fob.2015.11.001). These similarities were not expected to have occurred by chance. In addition, concerns were also raised regarding the alleged duplication of western blot bands in Figure 5 with those in Figure 4 from Kan et al (2015) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.031). Specifically, Figure 5A, GAPDH bands, appear to have been duplicated with similar bands in Figure 4B, GAPDH bands, from Kan et al (2015). The authors were unable to explain how these similarities occurred and were unable to retrieve the original data from their study. They requested to retract the article and the Editor agreed with this decision. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

We present recount3, a resource consisting of over 750,000 publicly available human and mouse RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples uniformly processed by our new Monorail analysis pipeline. To facilitate access to the data, we provide the recount3 and snapcount R/Bioconductor packages as well as complementary web resources. Using these tools, data can be downloaded as study-level summaries or queried for specific exon-exon junctions, genes, samples, or other features. Monorail can be used to process local and/or private data, allowing results to be directly compared to any study in recount3. Taken together, our tools help biologists maximize the utility of publicly available RNA-seq data, especially to improve their understanding of newly collected data. recount3 is available from http://rna.recount.bio.

Tachinus (Tachinoderus) flavimaculatus Feng & Yin, sp. nov. Chinese Common Name: 浅Ṅ圆⁂aeffiffl (Figs 1–2) Type material. Holotype: CHINA: ♂: ‘China: Xizang, Linzhi City, Motuo Co. (ḄȒ 县), 96K, nr. Gon’ri Vill. (Ḱ H村), 1400 m, FIT, 17-21.iii.2017, Song, Bi, Yang leg.’ (SNUC). Paratypes: CHINA: 1 ♂, 1 ♀: same label data as of holotype; 2 ♂♂: ‘ China: Xizang, Linzhi City, Pailong Co. (ẆAE 县), 30°0’34.71”N, 94°57’57.64”E, 2190 m, FIT, 15.vii.-01.viii.2019, Zi-Wei Yin leg. ’; 4 ♂♂: ‘ China: Xizang, Bomi Co. (波Ẋ县), Yigong Town (BḰ县9), 30°17’16.25”N, 94°44’42.32”E, 2300 m, leaf litter, 20.vii.2019, Zi-Wei Yin leg.’ (all in SNUC). Diagnostic description. Male. Habitus as in Fig. 1A; total body length (from clypeal anterior margin to apex of abdomen) 3.19–3.80 mm, fore body length (from clypeal anterior margin to apex of elytra) 2.18–2.45 mm; head, pronotal disc, elytra and abdomen black, antennomeres 3–10, and most parts of legs darkish-brown, antennomeres 1, 2, and 11, mouthparts, sides and posterior margin of pronotum, shoulder of elytra and tarsi yellowish-brown. Head sub-triangular, length (from anterior margin of clypeus to anterior margin of pronotum, excluding area covered by pronotum) 0.54–0.58 mm, width across eyes 0.66–0.70 mm, with fine and sparse punctures, with microsculpture posterior to eyes and at base; eyes prominent, longitudinal length 0.19 mm; antennae elongate, length 1.20–1.25 mm, relative lengths of antennomeres 1–11: 1.75: 1.13: 1.50: 1.0: 1.38: 1.25: 1.38: 1.38: 1.38: 1.13: 2.0. Pronotum strongly transverse, length along midline 0.75–0.83 mm, maximum width 1.17–1.31 mm, length/width 0.63–0.64, surface with punctures as of head, without microsculpture. Elytra slightly transverse, length along suture (excluding scutellum) 0.96–1.05 mm, maximum width 1.22–1.34 mm, length/width 0.78, with shallow and sparse punctures that are larger than those of pronotum, lacking microsculpture. Surface of abdomen lacking pruinose spots, with punctures more distinct than those of elytra and dense microsculpture consisting of transverse waves between punctures (tergites III–VII); tergite VIII (Fig. 2A) with four moderately long lobes, inner lobes much longer than outer ones; sternite VII (Fig. 2B) with posterior margin roundly and deeply emarginate, granules evenly arranged in row at middle along posterior margin, others sparsely arranged in oval area; sternite VIII (Fig. 2C) with four lobes, deeply incised between inner lobes, median length of sternite 0.78 times as long as depth of incision. Length of aedeagus (Fig. 2D, E) 0.70 mm, median lobe broad at base and narrowing toward apex, evenly curved ventrally, parameres elongate and broadened before apices, almost straight in dorso-ventral view. Female. General habitus (Fig. 1B) similar to male. Measurements (as for male): total body length 3.26 mm, fore body length 2.15 mm, length of head 0.56 mm, width 0.66 mm, length of eye 0.19 mm, length of antenna 1.19 mm, length of pronotum 0.71 mm, width 1.11 mm, length/width 0.64, length of elytra 0.95 mm, width 1.18 mm, length/ width 0.81. Tergite VIII (Fig. 2F) with four lobes, inner lobes slightly longer than outer ones, incision between inner lobes V-shaped, sternite VIII (Fig. 2G) with six lobes, fimbriate lobes longer and broader than others. Comparative notes. Tachinus flavimaculatus sp. nov. shares with T. rimosus Ullrich from central Nepal and T. sugayai Schülke distributed in eastern and southern China a similar general appearance, and the shoulders of the elytra bearing a pair of light maculae (Ullrich 1975; Schülke 2003). From T. rimosus the new species can be readily separated by the complete lack of pruinose spots on tergites III–V, relatively shorter median lobe of the aedeagus, and much deeper median emargination and incision of male sternite VII and female tergite VIII, respectively; from T. sugayai the new species differs in the darker color of the body, much sparser granules of male sternite VII, dorso-ventrally less curved parameres of the aedeagus, and female tergite VIII with four lobes (inner two lobes merged into a single plate in T. sugayai). Prior to the present study, only one species of the T. nepalensis group, i.e., T. bimorphus Chang, Li, Yin & Schülke, has been known from Xizang (Chang et al. 2019). Tachinus bimorphus has yellow antennomeres 10–11, the sides of the elytra are slightly narrowing toward apex from apical third, the punctation of elytral disc is much more distinct, and the shapes of the aedeagus and female tergite are of totally different shapes. Distribution. China: Xizang. Etymology. The new specific epithet is a Latin participle combined from flâvus (- a, - um), meaning ‘yellow, golden’, and maculâtus (- a, - um), meaning ‘stained, spotted’. The name refers to the light-yellow maculae of the elytral shoulders., Published as part of Feng, Yong-Yan & Yin, Zi-Wei, 2021, Tachinus flavimaculatus, a new species of the subgenus Tachinoderus Motschulsky from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae), pp. 129-133 in Zootaxa 5039 (1) on pages 129-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5039.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5506392, {"references":["Ullrich, W. G. (1975) Monographie der Gattung Tachinus Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), mit Bemerkungen zur Phylogenie und Verbreitung der Arten. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultat der Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, 365 pp., 61 pls. [in German]","Schulke, M. (2003) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tachinus - Arten Taiwans und der Ryukyu-Inseln (Coleptera: Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 35 (2), 763 - 784.","Chang, Y., Li, L. - Z., Yin, Z. - W. & Schulke, M. (2019) Eleven new species and new records of the Tachinus nepalensis Ullrich group of the subgenus Tachinoderus Motschulsky from China, Vietnam and Laos (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae). Zootaxa, 4686 (1), 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4686.1.1"]}

In the present study, the root zone of Canna flaccida Salisb. was selected as the biological component. We found that the adsorption rate of formaldehyde (FA) by C. flaccida was initially low, before increasing substantially. 13CNMR analysis indicated that C. flaccida can metabolize H13CHO and the major metabolic products were organic acid and amino acids. On this basis, we had designed a suspended growth bioreactor (SGB) to remove FA. An SGB was tested under a series of different conditions and the results showed that FA removal efficiency was strongly influenced by water volume, root zone weight, and gas flow rate. More than 52% of the FA was removed in 1 h and the maximum elimination capacity reached 35.112 mg m−3 h−1. After 24 h, no FA remained in the SGB. Running for 15 days, the concentration of FA in the lab space decreased from 1.12 to 0.82 mg m−3, and the concentration of FA in the SGB reached a low level. These results confirmed that SGB is an effective way to remove FA.

Ultrasonic vibration–assisted drilling (UVAD) can significantly improve the quality of the hole while reducing the axial force of drilling, which has important application prospects. In order to reveal the variation law of drilling force under the joint action of ultrasonic vibration and cutting heat, and to guide the optimization of high-efficiency UVAD process, titanium matrix composites TiBw/TC4 (TiB whisker volume fraction of 8.5%) is taken as the research object. Firstly, based on the theory of fracture indentation and the theory of ordinary drilling (OD), the comprehensive softening coefficient of the material under the action of ultrasonic impact and cutting temperature is introduced, and the model of axial drilling force considering the softening effect is established. Secondly, the experiment of UVAD was carried out, and the interaction mechanism about drilling force and vibration impact and drilling temperature was analyzed. Finally, the experimental data was used to establish the softening coefficient response surface, which described visually the variation law of the softening coefficient. The feasibility of the drilling force model was verified, and the trend between the drilling parameters and the drilling force was analyzed. The results show that the error between experimental axial drilling force value and prediction value of UVAD is less than 10%, and the maximum axial drilling force is about 23.1% lower than OD.

Three soybean candidate genes involved in resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 4 were identified via direct whole genome re-sequencing of two segregating mutants. The genes conferring resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) race 4 (Hg type 1.2.3.5.7) in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) remains unknown. Next generation sequencing-based methods identify a wide range of targets, it is difficult to identify genes underlying traits. Use of the MutMap and QTL-seq methods to identify trait candidate genes needs backcrossing and is very time-consuming. Here we report a simple method to effectively identify candidate genes involved in resistance to SCN race 4. Two ethane methylsulfonate mutagenized mutants of soybean 'PI 437654', whose SCN race 4-infection phenotype altered, were selected. Six relevant whole genomes were re-sequenced, and then calling of genomic variants (SNPs and InDels) was conducted and compared to 'Williams 82'. The comparison eliminated many genomic variants from the mutant lines that overlapped two non-phenotypic but mutant progeny plants, wild-type PI 437654 and 'Zhonghuang 13'. Finally, only 27 mutations were found among 10 genes. Of these 10 genes, 3 genes, Glyma.09g054000, Glyma.16g065700 and Glyma.18g192200 were overlapped between two phenotypic mutant progeny plants. Therefore, the three genes may be the candidate genes involved in resistance of PI 437654 to soybean cyst nematode race 4. This method simplifies the effective identification of candidate genes.

TiB whisker-reinforced TiBW/TC4 composites are widely used in the aviation, aerospace, automobile, and various other industries. However, the drilling force and temperature affect a lot on the drilling micromechanical properties of TiBW/TC4 composites. In order to reveal the microscale thermodynamic properties of the composite and promote the optimization of drilling processing, a representative volume element (RVE) model of the composite was built in the Digimat-FE software tool to determine the micromechanical properties and failure mechanism of TiBW/TC4 composites. Based on drilling experiments, the simulation load and boundary conditions were defined. Then, the effects of drilling force and temperature on the micromechanical properties of the composite and the laws of thermodynamics governing TiBW/TC4 composites were carefully analyzed under three different working conditions: pure drilling force, pure drilling temperature load, and drilling force/temperature load. The results show that with the drilling force rapidly increasing, the maximum stress occurs within the reinforced phase of the composite during the drilling process, whereas the minimum stress appears within the basket matrix region of the reinforced phase. Strains in the matrix were clearly higher than in the whiskers. Stability within the composite material was compromised as the matrix began to fail. The drilling force was shown to be the main reason for failure of the material, whereas the drilling temperature did not appear inherently weaken the material structure, but can, in fact, slow down the impact of the drilling force. When the drilling force began to slowly decrease and tended to stabilize, the stress slowly decreased as well. Although the stress on the whiskers was higher than the matrix stress, the difference value between whiskers and the matrix was constantly shrinking, and the stress of the whole model tended to be uniform.

A series of novel TiO2/poly(aryl ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membranes with anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties was designed and prepared. First, anti-photocatalytic degraded fluorine contained poly(aryl ether sulfone) matrix(PAES-F) was synthesized. Then the composite membranes were prepared via TiO2 nanoparticles and PAES-F polymer matrix by solution blending and non-solvent induced phase inversion methods. Further, separation efficiency, fouling behavior and self-cleaning property of the composite ultrafiltration(UF) membranes were investigated by dead-end filtration experiments using a polyacrylamide solution. The composite UF membranes exhibited outstanding self-cleaning efficiency and anti-photocatalytic degraded property after exposure to simulated sunlight irradiation. The water flux recovery ratios(FRR) of the optimal composite UF membranes could reach 74.24%, which was attributable to photocatalytic degradation of the organic contaminant by TiO2. And the retention rates of the composite UF membranes could maintain over 97%, which indicated the excellent photocatalytic degradation resistance of the fluorine contained PAES-F matrix. The novel high performance composite UF membranes have a broad application prospect in water treatment.

Single-stage impedance source inverters with quasi-DC–DC output cell (QDDOC) are proposed here. The QDDOC is derived from DC–DC converters, and QDDOC can be applied in all the existing impedance source inverters. Compared to the traditional impedance source inverters without QDDOC, the proposed inverters with QDDOC can adapt to the wider inductor parameter range and flexibly work into dual inductor current states: continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Also, the proposed inverters can retain the single-stage voltage-boost performance, and solve the DC-link voltage drop produced by DCM. Under DCM, the proposed inverters improve the boost ability, lower the inductor values, size and weight, and reduce the voltage stresses across passive components. The circuit topologies, modulation strategies, and operating principles are analysed in detail. Finally, experiment results verify the validity of proposed topologies.