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We developed an environmentally friendly mechanochemical protocol to induce an effective Fischer indolisation to synthesize indoles and indolines taking advantage of oxalic acid and dimethylurea.

Background: Metabolomic profiling has important diagnostic and prognostic value in heart failure (HF). We investigated whether left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support has an impact on the metabolomic profile of chronic HF patients and if specific metabolic patterns are associated with the development of adverse events.Methods: We applied untargeted metabolomics to detect and analyze molecules such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and other metabolites in plasma samples collected from thirty-three patients implanted with a continuous-flow LVAD. Data were analyzed at baseline, i.e., before implantation of the LVAD, and at long-term follow-up. Results: Our results reveal significant changes in the metabolomic profile after LVAD implant compared to baseline. In detail, we observed a pre-implant reduction in amino acid metabolism (aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis) and increased galactose metabolism, which reversed over the course of support [median follow-up 187 days (63–334 days)]. These changes were associated with improved patient functional capacity driven by LVAD therapy, according to NYHA functional classification of HF (NYHA class I-II: pre-implant=0% of the patients; post-implant =97% of the patients; P