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The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuels offers the prospect for creating a new CO2 economy. Harnessing visible light-driven CO2 -to-CO reduction mediated by the long-lived triplet excited state of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes is a challenging approach. We here develop a series of new mononuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes (Re-1-Re-4) based on the imidazole-pyridine skeleton for photo-driven CO2 reduction. These catalysts are featured by combining pyridyl-imidazole with the aromatic ring and different pendant organic groups onto the N1 position of 1,3-imidazole unit, which display phosphorescence under Ar-saturated solution even at ambient conditions. By contrast, {Re[9-(pyren-1-yl)-10-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-pyreno[4,5-d]imidazole)](CO)3 Cl} (Re-4) by introducing pyrene ring at the N1 position of pyrene-fused imidazole unit exhibits superior catalytic performance with a higher turnover number for CO (TONCO =124) and >99.9 % selectivity, primarily ascribed to the strong visible light-harvesting ability, long-lived triplet lifetimes (164.2 μs) and large reductive quenching constant. Moreover, the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes derived from π-extended pyrene chromophore exhibit a long lifetime corresponding to its ligand-localized triplet state (3 IL) evidenced from spectroscopic investigations and DFT calculations.

Compounds bearing organophosphorus motifs and 2-oxazolidinone have found numerous applications in pharmaceutical chemistry, homogeneous catalysis, and organic materials. Here, we describe an efficient and selective protocol for straightforward access to a series of 5-((diarylphosphoryl)methyl)oxazolidin-2-ones via the copper-catalyzed difunctionalization of the C≡C bond of propargylic amines with CO2 and phosphine oxide. Notably, copper catalysis is a sustainable and benign catalytic mode. This reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions, which is operationally simple and scalable with a broad scope, exclusive selectivity, and good functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies suggest a one-pot tandem cyclization/radical addition sequence, along with the phosphorylation/cyclization scheme.

A triblock amphiphilic polymer derived from the copolymerization of CO

The straightforward synthesis of α-amino phosphine oxides via three-component reactions involving arynes, formamides and diarylphosphine oxides is disclosed. This method employs the aryne to activate formamide, without an external activating reagent, which is operationally simple under mild conditions with high efficiency. Furthermore, mechanistic perception suggests a cascade sequence including formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the aryne with a CO bond, and a 1,4-addition of the H–P(O) compounds to the enamine intermediates.

The photocatalytic reduction of CO

Compounds bearing organophosphorus motifs and 2-oxazolidinone have found numerous applications in pharmaceutical chemistry, homogeneous catalysis, and organic materials. Here, we describe an efficient and selective protocol for straightforward access to a series of 5-((diarylphosphoryl)methyl)oxazolidin-2-ones via the copper-catalyzed difunctionalization of the C≡C bond of propargylic amines with CO

Many mechanical systems have the characteristics of multiple failure modes and complex failure mechanisms. On the basis of stress-strength interference (SSI) model, this paper takes the mechanical system with common cause failure (CCF) as the research object. The relationship between the stress distribution and the strength distribution is studied, and the failures of components are independent of each other under the deterministic stress. Then, the concept of conditional reliability is introduced to build the system reliability models under the action of one-stress and multi-stress for both series and parallel systems. Finally, the corresponding properties of the proposed methods are discussed to show their advantages.

As a consequence of the great demand and extended application of polyurethanes in various fields, the development of green processes for their production and functional polyurethane materials has received widespread attention. In this regard, the biomass-derived polyurethane via the non-isocyanate route could be promising. In this work, the castor-based polyurethanes were designed and synthesized through a non-isocyanate route by employing ricinoleic acid as the starting material, in which the oligomeric ricinoleic acid (ORA) with variable average polymerization degree was used as the key intermediate. To access the ORA with different average polymerization degree, the solid Lewis acid tin(II) oxide (SnO) was developed as the efficient and recyclable catalyst and the average polymerization degree of ORA was regulated by the reaction time at 210 °C. After sequential esterification, epoxidation, cycloaddition with CO2 and polyaddition with 1,6-hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) or isophorone diamine (IPDA), a series of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) with different tensile strength and elongation at break as well as the thermal stability and the glass transition temperature were obtained depending on the type of diamine and the average polymerization degree of ORA, indicating the functional role of the polymerization degree of ORA in regulating the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting materials. This protocol for the castor-based PHUs preparation in this work not only represents a green and sustainable way to produce bio-based material, but also provides a convenient way to change the average polymerization degree of ORA and then alter the properties of resulting polyurethanes.

Complex environment stresses bring many uncertainties to transformer fault. The Bayesian network (BN) can represent prior knowledge in the form of probability which makes it an effective tool to deal with the uncertain problems. This paper established a BN model for the transformer fault diagnosis with practical operation dataset and expert knowledge. Then importance measures are introduced to indentify the key attributes which affect the results of transformer diagnosis most. Moreover, a strategy was proposed to reduce the number of attribute in transformer fault detection and the resource cost was saved. At last, a diagnosis case of practical transformer was implemented to verify the effectiveness of this method.