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Based on the survey data observed by Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT), we elaborate the statistical characteristics of gamma-ray flares from 3C 454.3 and solar GeV flares among flare parameters, such as isotropic energy (Eγ), peak luminosity (LP), and duration time (TDuration). We find two significant correlations as: $T_{\rm Duration} \propto E_{\gamma }^{0.31\pm 0.03}$ and $L_{\rm P} \propto E_{\gamma }^{0.61\pm 0.03}$ for 3C 454.3. The exponents are in a better agreement those of the Sun from the first Fermi-LAT solar flare catalogue, namely $T_{\rm Duration,\odot } \propto E_{\gamma ,\odot }^{0.38\pm 0.08}$ and $L_{\rm P,\odot } \propto E_{\gamma ,\odot }^{0.81\pm 0.08}$. The relationship of TDuration–Eγ and LP–Eγ could be interpreted naturally as due to magnetic dissipation through reconnection. On top of that the frequency distributions of isotropic energy, peak luminosity, and duration time of gamma-ray emission of 3C 454.3 show power-law forms, and the waiting time distribution can be described by a non-stationary Poisson process. These distribution behaviours are comparable to those of the Sun, Sagittarius A*, and M87, and follow the prediction of a self-organized criticality model. All statistical properties suggest that similar to the physical process accounting for solar GeV flares and X-ray flares in supermassive black hole systems, magnetic reconnection cloud govern the energy-release, and particle acceleration process for gamma-ray flares of 3C 454.3.

The Sun emits significant flares in X-ray, ultraviolet, and radio wavelengths. It is thought to originate from the magnetic reconnection activity, which is capable of accelerating particles to high energies. The magnetic process can be described by the avalanche model of self-organized criticality (SOC), and it is evidenced by the observation. Here, we study the frequency distribution of fluence, peak flux, and duration time for solar GeV flares detected first by Fermi-Large Area Telescope. Their cumulative distributions show a power-law behaviour. The exponents are also consistent with those derived from the observations at low-energy bands, and follow the predictions of the fractal-diffuse SOC model. In the meantime, the waiting time shows power-law distribution, and agrees a non-stationary Poission process. We then explore the correlation between energy (fluence) and duration time using a two-variable regression analysis. The correlation is found to be $T_{\rm Duration} \propto F_{\rm GeV}^{0.38\pm 0.08}$ with the solar GeV flare sample, which is comparable to that of the solar X-ray flares and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and could be understood in an SOC model. These facts suggest that, similar to the physical process accounting for the X-ray emission of solar flares and prompt emission of GRBs, magnetic reconnection may still dominate the energy-release process and particle acceleration for solar flares at GeV energies.

Anisotropic diffusion is one of the potential interpretations for the morphology of the Geminga pulsar halo. It interprets the observed slow-diffusion phenomenon through a geometric effect, assuming the mean magnetic field direction around Geminga is closely aligned with the line of sight toward it. However, this direction should not extend further than the correlation length of the turbulent magnetic field $L_c$, which could be $100$ pc or less. We first revisit the $L_c=\infty$ scenario and show that the halo asymmetry predicted by this scenario is mainly contributed by the electrons located beyond the ``core" section around Geminga, which has a length of $100$ pc. Then, considering the directional variation of the magnetic field beyond the core section, we take one magnetic field configuration as an example to investigate the possible halo morphology. The predicted morphology has some different features compared to the $L_c=\infty$ scenario. The current experiments may already be able to test these features. In addition, we use a semi-analytical method to solve the anisotropic propagation equation, which offers significant convenience compared to numerical approaches., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures

The positron excess in cosmic rays has stimulated a lot of interests in the last decade. The dark matter origin of the extra positrons has attracted great attention. However, the $\gamma$-ray search set very stringent constraints on the dark matter annihilation/decay rate, which leads to great disfavor of the dark matter scenario. In the work, we incorporate the recent progress in cosmic rays propagation and reexamine the dark matter scenario accounting for the positron excess. Recent observations indicate that cosmic rays propagation in the Milky Way may be not uniform and diffusion in the Galactic disk should be slower than that in the halo. In the spatial-dependent propagation model, the positrons/electrons are more concentrated in the disk and lead to smaller dark matter annihilation/decay rate to account for the positron excess and also a smaller deficit in the background positron flux. Especially for the $\mu^+\mu^-$ channel the positron spectrum fit the AMS-02 latest data perfectly and the annihilation rate satisfies all the present constraints from $\gamma$-ray and CMB observations., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures

Additional file 1.

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) during crystallization development of pharmaceuticals is being reported increasingly in recent years. It often causes quality issues such as failure of impurity reject and fragile morphology. In worst cases, crystallization cannot proceed at all after LLPS occurs. Many studies have been published on LLPS during crystallization and an analysis and synthesis of the current state-of-art is needed. In this review, recent advances in LLPS research will be summarized, including brief theoretical interpretations of LLPS, characteristics in phase diagrams and measurement methods for representative model systems, strategies to suppress LLPS, crystallization development in the presence of LLPS and options when direct crystallization fails due to LLPS. This review aims to provide a framework to deal with the occurrence of LLPS during crystallization development.

Pulsar halos are extended gamma-ray structures generated by electrons and positrons escaping from pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), considered a new class of gamma-ray sources. They are ideal indicators for cosmic-ray propagation in localized regions of the Galaxy and particle escape process from PWNe. The cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient inferred from pulsar halos is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the average value in the Galaxy, which has been arousing extensive discussion. We review the recent advances in the study of pulsar halos, including the characteristics of this class of sources, the known pulsar halos, the possible mechanisms of the extremely slow diffusion, the critical roles of pulsar halos in the studies of cosmic-ray propagation and electron injection from PWNe, and the implications on the problems of the cosmic positron excess and the diffuse TeV gamma-ray excess. Finally, we give prospects for the study in this direction based on the expectation of a larger sample of pulsar halos and deeper observations for bright sources., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences

Eco-environmental quality assessment is an important process for ensuring sustainable regional development because it encourages the construction of an ecological civilization. This assessment also lays a foundation for informing digital management and decision-making for the ecological environment in the near future. Due to the particularity of mountainous areas, its Eco-environmental quality assessment needs to be deeply specific and may require re-working. Here, the AHP-Entropy model was developed and constructed to scientifically analyze and evaluate the Eco-environmental quality in mountainous Western Sichuan in 2009 and 2019 at the township (street) unit. It is based on indicators representing Biological richness, Vegetation cover, Water network density, Land stress, and Social-economic stress. This newly developed model offers a more complete assessment, is based on more easily acquired data and has a higher accuracy than past models. The Eco-environmental quality index (EQI) representing eco-environmental quality (EEQ) has five levels of rating: Better, Good, Moderate, Bad and Worse. After applying this model to the region, the results show that: 1) The ecological environmental quality in the Western Sichuan mountains has improved over the past 10 years. 2) The eco-environment in the study area is generally Good, with small areas receiving a rating of Moderate. 3) The areas considered Better are mainly distributed on Longmen Mountain, Daliang mountain and Qionglai mountain, while the Moderate areas are mainly distributed in the western Chengdu Plain, the Panzhihua urban area, and Shaluli mountain. 4) The areas rated Better earn their rating due to high vegetation coverage, high habitat quality, and low degree of land degradation, such as land desertification and soil erosion. The areas with moderate eco-environmental quality were mainly affected by frequent human activity or serious land degradation. This comprehensive regional Eco-environmental quality assessment can also be used in other areas with mountains.

The stability of an arching slope in deformable materials above strong rocks strongly depends on the shape and width of the span. Equations for a free surface problem that incorporate these two parameters were derived using a simplified two-dimensional arching slope model, and were validated using physical model tests under 1g and centrifugal conditions. The results are used to estimate the maximum excavation width for a weak claystone slope in a lignite mine, for which we calculate a safety factor of 1.31.

Deep-blue-light-emitting materials are urgently desired in high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for full-color display and solid-state lighting applications. However, the development of stable and efficient deep-blue emitters remains a great challenge. Herein, a series of stable and efficient tetradentate Pd(II)-complex-based deep-blue emitters with rigid 5/6/6 metallocycles and no F atom were designed and synthesized. These deep-blue emitters employ various isoelectronic five-membered heteroaryl-ring-containing ligands to exhibit extremely narrow emission spectra peaking at 439-443 nm with a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of only 22-38 nm in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at room temperature. In particular, the design of an intramolecular hydrogen bond enabled the 1-phenyl-1,2,3-trazole-based Pd(II) complexes to achieve CIEy < 0.1 (0.069-0.078; CIE is Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage). Theoretical calculation and natural transition orbital analysis reveal that these deep-blue materials emit light exclusively from their ligand (carbazole)-centered (3LC) states. Moreover, the triplet excited-state property can be efficiently regulated through ligand modification with isoelectronic oxazole and thiazole rings or pyridine rings, resulting in sky-blue-to-yellow materials, which emit light originating from an admixture of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) and intraligand charge-transfer states. The newly developed Pd(II) complexes are strongly emissive in various matrixes with a quantum efficiency of up to 51% and also highly thermally stable with a 5% weight-reduction temperature (ΔT5%) of up to 400 °C. Deep-blue OLEDs with CIEy < 0.1 employing Pd(II) complexes as emitters were successfully fabricated for the first time. This study demonstrates that the Pd(II) complexes can act as excellent phosphorescent light-emitting materials through rational molecular design and also provide a valuable method for the development of Pd(II)-complex-based efficient and stable deep-blue emitters.

Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW), possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line (SHW-L1) and a common wheat line, under normal (NC) and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions (DC). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120370 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 733 diversity arrays technology markers (DArT) and 119 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). With four replicates per treatment, we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC, and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates. Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation respectively, and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight, the ratio of root water loss, total root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14% of the phenotypic variation. Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates. Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221130028 for Feasibility Study of a Compatible Design Method for Asphalt Concrete-Based Track Substructure Considering Viscoelastic Properties by Ting Hu, Mingjing Fang, Kun Fang, Liantong Mo and Yue Xiao in Transportation Research Record

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-5-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

The Entropy Accumulation Theorem (EAT) was introduced to significantly improve the finite-size rates for device-independent quantum information processing tasks such as device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD). A natural question would be whether it also improves the rates for device-dependent QKD. In this work, we provide an affirmative answer to this question. We present new tools for applying the EAT in the device-dependent setting. We present sufficient conditions for the Markov chain conditions to hold as well as general algorithms for constructing the needed min-tradeoff function. Utilizing Dupuis' recent privacy amplification without smoothing result, we improve the key rate by optimizing the sandwiched R\'{e}nyi entropy directly rather than considering the traditional smooth min-entropy. We exemplify these new tools by considering several examples including the BB84 protocol with the qubit-based version and with a realistic parametric downconversion source, the six-state four-state protocol and a high-dimensional analog of the BB84 protocol., Comment: 40+32 pages, 7 figures

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Randomized Smoothing (RS) is a promising technique for certified robustness, and recently in RS the ensemble of multiple deep neural networks (DNNs) has shown state-of-the-art performances. However, such an ensemble brings heavy computation burdens in both training and certification, and yet under-exploits individual DNNs and their mutual effects, as the communication between these classifiers is commonly ignored in optimization. In this work, starting from a single DNN, we augment the network with multiple heads, each of which pertains a classifier for the ensemble. A novel training strategy, namely Self-PAced Circular-TEaching (SPACTE), is proposed accordingly. SPACTE enables a circular communication flow among those augmented heads, i.e., each head teaches its neighbor with the self-paced learning using smoothed losses, which are specifically designed in relation to certified robustness. The deployed multi-head structure and the circular-teaching scheme of SPACTE jointly contribute to diversify and enhance the classifiers in augmented heads for ensemble, leading to even stronger certified robustness than ensembling multiple DNNs (effectiveness) at the cost of much less computational expenses (efficiency), verified by extensive experiments and discussions.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221130028 for Feasibility Study of a Compatible Design Method for Asphalt Concrete-Based Track Substructure Considering Viscoelastic Properties by Ting Hu, Mingjing Fang, Kun Fang, Liantong Mo and Yue Xiao in Transportation Research Record

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 1. Sequences of PCR primers; FT-IR spectra, Zeta potential, hydrodynamic sizes, absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and magnetic resonance imaging of NPs; cell viabilities; cellular uptaken rates of NPs; GO and KEGG analysis; PCR analysis, and Western blot analysis.

A series of tetradentate Pt(II) emitters containing fused 5/6/6 metallocycles have been designed and synthesized. Molecular geometries play a critical role in determining the photophysical properti...

Kumanoa baiyunensis K.-P.Fang, F.-R.Nan & S.-L.Xie sp. nov. (Figs. 3A–L) Description:—Plants monoecious, moderately mucilaginous, dark green, small, only 0.5–1 cm high. Thallus branching irregular, frequent in the upper part of the thallus. Whorls well developed, confluent, barrel-shaped, 350–450 µm wide. Internodes 150–350 µm; axis colorless, axial cells 20–50 µm in diameter; cortical filaments profuse, cylindrical, 5–10 um in diameter, 20 µm or more long. Primary fascicles straight, dichotomously branched, 2-3 times branched, composed of 5–7 cells, ellipsoidal, 5–8 µm in diameter, 20–40 µm long. Secondary fascicles, abundant, covering the entire internode, unbranched or dichotomously branched, shorter or as long as the primary fascicles, composed of 3–7 cells. Spermatangia spherical, sparse, single-grown, terminal on primary fascicles, 7–9 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from the pericentral cells; involucral filaments short, dense, composed of 1–3 cells; carpogonia with club-shaped trichogynes, distinctly stalked, 30–50 µm long, 6–10 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes sessile, one per whorl, lower or as high as whorl radius, dense and spherical, 150–250 µm in diameter. Carposporangia obovoid or elliptical, 7–10 µm in diameter, 15–20 µm long, terminal on gonimoblast filaments. Diagnosis: &horbar;The new species differs from other Kumanoa species in the following combination of characters: small plant size with abundant branching in upper part of thallus; carposporophytes spherical and one per whorl; club-shaped trichogynes with distinct stalk; spermatangia sparse and single-grown, terminal on primary fascicles. Diagnostic DNA sequence: rbc L, COI-5P and LSU (accession number: MW798266 for rbc L, MW798267 for COI-5P and MW794124 for UPA). Type locality: China, Guangdong, Baiyun Mountain (24° 15′ 5″ N, 113° 18′ 2″ E). On the wall of a stony pool formed by groundwater from dry mountain stream of the Baiyun Mountain. Holotype designated here: Liquid immersion specimens (SXU-GD20001) and herbarium voucher (Holotype SXU-GD20002, Isotype SXU-GD20003) were deposited in Herbarium of Shanxi University (SXU), Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. November 2020 by Kun-peng Fang. Etymology: The species epithet refers to the type locality (Baiyun mountain, China)., Published as part of Fang, Kun-Peng, Nan, Fang-Ru, Feng, Jia, Lv, Jun-Ping, Liu, Qi, Liu, Xu-Dong & Xie, Shu-Lian, 2021, A New Species of Kumanoa (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) from Baiyun Mountain, Guangdong, China, pp. 89-98 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on page 95, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5572016

Kumanoa baiyunensis K.-P.Fang, F.-R.Nan & S.-L.Xie sp. nov. (Figs. 3A–L) Description:—Plants monoecious, moderately mucilaginous, dark green, small, only 0.5–1 cm high. Thallus branching irregular, frequent in the upper part of the thallus. Whorls well developed, confluent, barrel-shaped, 350–450 µm wide. Internodes 150–350 µm; axis colorless, axial cells 20–50 µm in diameter; cortical filaments profuse, cylindrical, 5–10 um in diameter, 20 µm or more long. Primary fascicles straight, dichotomously branched, 2-3 times branched, composed of 5–7 cells, ellipsoidal, 5–8 µm in diameter, 20–40 µm long. Secondary fascicles, abundant, covering the entire internode, unbranched or dichotomously branched, shorter or as long as the primary fascicles, composed of 3–7 cells. Spermatangia spherical, sparse, single-grown, terminal on primary fascicles, 7–9 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from the pericentral cells; involucral filaments short, dense, composed of 1–3 cells; carpogonia with club-shaped trichogynes, distinctly stalked, 30–50 µm long, 6–10 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes sessile, one per whorl, lower or as high as whorl radius, dense and spherical, 150–250 µm in diameter. Carposporangia obovoid or elliptical, 7–10 µm in diameter, 15–20 µm long, terminal on gonimoblast filaments. Diagnosis: &horbar;The new species differs from other Kumanoa species in the following combination of characters: small plant size with abundant branching in upper part of thallus; carposporophytes spherical and one per whorl; club-shaped trichogynes with distinct stalk; spermatangia sparse and single-grown, terminal on primary fascicles. Diagnostic DNA sequence: rbc L, COI-5P and LSU (accession number: MW798266 for rbc L, MW798267 for COI-5P and MW794124 for UPA). Type locality: China, Guangdong, Baiyun Mountain (24° 15′ 5″ N, 113° 18′ 2″ E). On the wall of a stony pool formed by groundwater from dry mountain stream of the Baiyun Mountain. Holotype designated here: Liquid immersion specimens (SXU-GD20001) and herbarium voucher (Holotype SXU-GD20002, Isotype SXU-GD20003) were deposited in Herbarium of Shanxi University (SXU), Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. November 2020 by Kun-peng Fang. Etymology: The species epithet refers to the type locality (Baiyun mountain, China).

Fang, Kun-Peng, Nan, Fang-Ru, Feng, Jia, Lv, Jun-Ping, Liu, Qi, Liu, Xu-Dong, Xie, Shu-Lian (2021): A New Species of Kumanoa (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) from Baiyun Mountain, Guangdong, China. Phytotaxa 523 (1): 89-98, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.5

Caloglossa fonticola K.-P. Fang, F.-R. Nan & S.-L. Xie sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Description —Thalli linear, dichotomously branched, pink to pale brown, attached to the rocks in a freshwater spring by clusters of rhizoids, about 1–2 cm high, consisting of a midrib region with monostromatic wings on either side (Figs. 2 A-B). Midrib region composed of two transverse and two lateral periaxial cells, and one axial cell series, the length of axial cells in the mature thallus is 80–280 µm (Figs. 2E–G). Internodal regions or “blades” linear, rarely or slightly constricted at nodes, 1.5–5.0 mm long and 0.2–0.7 mm wide (Figs. 2 A-B). At the node (Figs. 2 C-D, 3), on the adjacent side to the lateral axis, all second- and third-order cell rows of the main axis reach the blade margin, the first axial cell produces 1–2 cell rows, 5–9 cells long. On the adaxial side, the first axial cell of the lateral axis produces only a second-order cell row usually only 2–4 cells long and not extending to the margin, the second and third axial cell produces one cell row, sometimes not extending to the margin. On the opposite to the lateral branch, the number of cell rows derived from nodal axial cell and the first axial cell of main axis are both two, which is the same as or one fewer than that in the internode region. On the abaxial side, the nodal axial cell produces only one row, 5–7 cells long usually not extending to the margin, the first four axial cells of the lateral branch produce two rows each, extending to the margin, by the sixth axial cell above the node the regular internodal condition is attained. At the internode (Figs. 2E–G), the inner 1–3 second-order cells produce third-order rows, thus on one side of the blade from any one axial cell the apical cells of 2–4 rows form the blade margin, with 5–10 cells per row to the margin. Rhizoids forming from groups of second and third-order cells which arise from the first three axial cells of the main axis and lateral axis, unicellular, 0.15–0.85 mm long, 20–30 µm in diameter, basal rhizoidal cells not tightly adherent to form a stipe-like cortical pad, each wing cell produces a single rhizoidal filament (Figs. 2H–I, 3). Adventitious branches and endogenous branches both absent. Reproductive structures not found. Diagnosis: &horbar;Morphological characters as for Caloglossa bengalensis described in King & Puttock (1994) but differing in blade shape, degree of constriction at the thallus nodes, secondary branching pattern, the number of cells composing second-order cell rows at the internode, and the number of cells composing a single rhizoidal filament. Caloglossa fonticola is distinguished from other Caloglossa species by the following unique combination of character states: thallus internodal blades linear, hardly or slightly constricted at nodes, adventitious branches and endogenous branches both absent, and unicellular rhizoids forming from clusters of wing cells arising from the first three axial cells of the main axis and lateral axis. Diagnostic DNA sequence: rbc L and LSU accession numbers MW725289 and MW722975, respectively. Type locality: CHINA &horbar; Guangxi, Bama County (24° 18′ 2″ N, 107° 5′ 58″ E, ASL: 260.5 m). The spring water comes from Baimo Cave and is also the source of the Panyang River (WT = 21 ° C, pH = 7.79, DO = 6.66 mg / L, EC = 310 µS/cm, TDS = 218.4 mg / L). Holotype: Formalin-preserved specimen (SXU-GX19006) and herbarium voucher (holotype SXU-GX19010, isotype SXU-GX19011). December 2019, collected by Kun-Peng Fang. Iconotype: Fig. 2 Etymology: fonticola from the Latin “of the spring,” named for the freshwater system the species inhabits., Published as part of Fang, Kun-Peng, Nan, Fang-Ru, Feng, Jia, Liu, Qi, Liu, Xu-Dong & Xie, Shu-Lian, 2021, Morphological and molecular evidence for the recognition of Caloglossa fonticola sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from an underground spring in Guangxi, China, pp. 15-26 in Phytotaxa 522 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5548969, {"references":["King, R. & Puttock, C. (1994) Morphology and taxonomy of Caloglossa (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta). Australian Systematic Botany 7: 89 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / sb 9940089"]}

Caloglossa fonticola K.-P. Fang, F.-R. Nan & S.-L. Xie sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Description —Thalli linear, dichotomously branched, pink to pale brown, attached to the rocks in a freshwater spring by clusters of rhizoids, about 1–2 cm high, consisting of a midrib region with monostromatic wings on either side (Figs. 2 A-B). Midrib region composed of two transverse and two lateral periaxial cells, and one axial cell series, the length of axial cells in the mature thallus is 80–280 µm (Figs. 2E–G). Internodal regions or “blades” linear, rarely or slightly constricted at nodes, 1.5–5.0 mm long and 0.2–0.7 mm wide (Figs. 2 A-B). At the node (Figs. 2 C-D, 3), on the adjacent side to the lateral axis, all second- and third-order cell rows of the main axis reach the blade margin, the first axial cell produces 1–2 cell rows, 5–9 cells long. On the adaxial side, the first axial cell of the lateral axis produces only a second-order cell row usually only 2–4 cells long and not extending to the margin, the second and third axial cell produces one cell row, sometimes not extending to the margin. On the opposite to the lateral branch, the number of cell rows derived from nodal axial cell and the first axial cell of main axis are both two, which is the same as or one fewer than that in the internode region. On the abaxial side, the nodal axial cell produces only one row, 5–7 cells long usually not extending to the margin, the first four axial cells of the lateral branch produce two rows each, extending to the margin, by the sixth axial cell above the node the regular internodal condition is attained. At the internode (Figs. 2E–G), the inner 1–3 second-order cells produce third-order rows, thus on one side of the blade from any one axial cell the apical cells of 2–4 rows form the blade margin, with 5–10 cells per row to the margin. Rhizoids forming from groups of second and third-order cells which arise from the first three axial cells of the main axis and lateral axis, unicellular, 0.15–0.85 mm long, 20–30 µm in diameter, basal rhizoidal cells not tightly adherent to form a stipe-like cortical pad, each wing cell produces a single rhizoidal filament (Figs. 2H–I, 3). Adventitious branches and endogenous branches both absent. Reproductive structures not found. Diagnosis: &horbar;Morphological characters as for Caloglossa bengalensis described in King & Puttock (1994) but differing in blade shape, degree of constriction at the thallus nodes, secondary branching pattern, the number of cells composing second-order cell rows at the internode, and the number of cells composing a single rhizoidal filament. Caloglossa fonticola is distinguished from other Caloglossa species by the following unique combination of character states: thallus internodal blades linear, hardly or slightly constricted at nodes, adventitious branches and endogenous branches both absent, and unicellular rhizoids forming from clusters of wing cells arising from the first three axial cells of the main axis and lateral axis. Diagnostic DNA sequence: rbc L and LSU accession numbers MW725289 and MW722975, respectively. Type locality: CHINA &horbar; Guangxi, Bama County (24° 18′ 2″ N, 107° 5′ 58″ E, ASL: 260.5 m). The spring water comes from Baimo Cave and is also the source of the Panyang River (WT = 21 ° C, pH = 7.79, DO = 6.66 mg / L, EC = 310 µS/cm, TDS = 218.4 mg / L). Holotype: Formalin-preserved specimen (SXU-GX19006) and herbarium voucher (holotype SXU-GX19010, isotype SXU-GX19011). December 2019, collected by Kun-Peng Fang. Iconotype: Fig. 2 Etymology: fonticola from the Latin “of the spring,” named for the freshwater system the species inhabits.

Fang, Kun-Peng, Nan, Fang-Ru, Feng, Jia, Liu, Qi, Liu, Xu-Dong, Xie, Shu-Lian (2021): Morphological and molecular evidence for the recognition of Caloglossa fonticola sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from an underground spring in Guangxi, China. Phytotaxa 522 (1): 15-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.1.2

Here, we summarize our recent work on the evolution of magnetic field and spin-down of young pulsars including high-B pulsars and magnetars. Our work includes the following three parts: (a) Based on the estimated ages of their potentially associated supernova remnants (SNRs), we estimate the values of the mean braking indices of eight magnetars with SNRs and find that fivemagnetars have smallermean braking indices of 1

The rheology of potato starch paste (PSP) in an ultrasonic field was studied by an RS600 HAAKE rheometer. The effects of ultrasonic time on the rheological model and on shear thinning of PSP were studied. The thixotropy of PSP in the ultrasonic field and the spatial conformation of the PSP molecular chain were also investigated. From experiments under different ultrasonic times, PSP exhibited pseudoplastic fluid characteristics and conformed to the power law τ = k·γm (where k and m are constants). PSP has the characteristics of a Newtonian fluid after ultrasonic action. At the same shear rate, the apparent viscosity of PSP decreased with increasing ultrasonic time. The degree of shear thinning of PSP was greatly reduced, and the thixotropy of PSP was lower after ultrasonic action.

A four-component intermolecular trifluoromethylation-acyloxylation of arylalkenes induced by visible light has been developed in the presence of the photoredox catalyst Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 under mild reaction conditions. A new Umemoto's reagent was used as a trifluoromethyl radical source, and this redox neutral reaction demonstrated good functional group tolerance for aryl alkenes with high yields up to 91%. The detailed reaction process was investigated based on control, deuterium and O18-labeling experiments to support that N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)/H2O acted as an acyloxyl source.

Additional file 1: Table A1. Thirty-nine components of Solanum nigrum and their corresponding molecular weight (MW), predicted oral bioavailability (OB) and drug likeness (DL) scores. Table A2. Bladder cancer (BC) related targets in Solanum nigrum. By combining the related targets of active ingredients screened from S. nigrum and the disease-related targets, 100 overlapping targets (involving 23 duplicates) were selected as the key targets involved in the treatment of BC. Table A3. Gene ontology (GO) terms of therapeutic target genes and their corresponding counts, p-value, and FDR. Through the GO enrichment of the key targets, 86 remarkably enriched (p-value ≤0.01) GO terms were obtained, indicating that some targets were involved in tumorigenesis. Table A4. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of therapeutic target genes and their corresponding counts, p-value, and FDR. Through KEGG enrichment of the key targets, 89 remarkably enriched (p-value ≤0.01) pathways were obtained, indicating that numerous targets are involved in the processes of tumorigenesis and tumor progression.

Additional file 1. Supplementary information includes Supplemental Method, seven Supplemental figures, five Supplemental tables.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. STROBE diagram.

Additional file 1.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jet-10.1177_15266028211061267 for Similar Midterm Clinical Outcomes and Aortic Remodeling in Bifurcated and Straight Aortic Stent Grafts Used to Treat Isolated Abdominal Aortic Dissection by Tun Wang, Chang Shu, Quan-ming Li, Ming Li, Xin Li, Hao He, Ming-yao Luo, Kun Fang, Alan Dardik and Jing-cheng Shi in Journal of Endovascular Therapy

Additional file 1. NucHMM: a method for quantitative modeling of nucleosome organization identifying functional nucleosome states distinctly associated with splicing potentiality: Suppl. Notes, Figures and Tables.

Additional file 5. Review history.

The undercutting method applied together with the cut-and-fill technique has been realized through open-pit coal mining. To predict the time of slope failure, a method of forecasting slope failure time by the inverse velocity of slope surface proposed by Fukuzono (1985 in A new method for predicting the failure time of a slope. Japan Landslide Society, Japan, pp. 145–150) is employed in practice. However, the characteristics of slope movements in undercut slopes are different from those of typical slopes due to arch action across the pit; therefore, more investigations are required to examine whether this method can be effectively used to predict the failure time for an undercut slope. In this study, the undercut slope failure prediction technique following this approach was examined via geotechnical centrifuge modelling. The movement distributions of the slope surface were recorded by a high-speed VDO camera and analysed by the image processing software. This study confirms that the inverse of the average surface velocity is qualitatively valid for a centrifuge model of undercut slope.

In the γ-ray sky, the highest fluxes come from Galactic sources: supernova remnants (SNRs), pulsars and pulsar wind nebulae, star forming regions, binaries and micro-quasars, giant molecular clouds, Galactic center, and the large extended area around the Galactic plane. The radiation mechanisms of γ-ray emission and the physics of the emitting particles, such as the origin, acceleration, and propagation, are of very high astrophysical significance. A variety of theoretical models have been suggested for the relevant physics, and emission with energies E≥1014 eV are expected to be crucial in testing them. In particular, this energy band is a direct window to test at which maximum energy a particle can be accelerated in the Galactic sources and whether the most probable source candidates such as Galactic center and SNRs are “PeVatrons”. Designed aiming at the very high energy (VHE, >100 GeV) observation, LHAASO will be a very powerful instrument in these astrophysical studies. Over the past decade, great advances have been made in the VHE γ-ray astronomy. More than 170 VHE γ-ray sources have been observed, and among them, 42 Galactic sources fall in the LHAASO field-of-view. With a sensitivity of 10 milli-Crab, LHAASO can not only provide accurate spectra for the known γ-ray sources, but also search for new TeV-PeV γ-ray sources. In the following sub-sections, the observation of all the Galactic sources with LHAASO will be discussed in details.