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Resumo Considerando os pressupostos que, em Portugal, enquadram o Projeto de Autonomia e Flexibilidade Curricular (PAFC) elencados no Despacho nº 5908/2017, de 5 de julho que, em “regime de experiência pedagógica, define os princípios e regras orientadores da conceção, operacionalização e avaliação do currículo dos Ensinos Básico e Secundário, de modo a alcançar o Perfil dos Alunos à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatória” (Artigo 1º), este artigo procura desvelar na voz de cinco diretores (líderes escolares) de escolas públicas do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, as primeiras evidências da implementação do PAFC. Embora se trate de um processo curricular e pedagógico recente, importa compreender nessas narrativas se as escolas experienciam, de facto, tempos e espaços de uma autonomia construída e contextualizada. Neste sentido, partindo de um estudo de caso múltiplo a partir da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário, convertem-se em eixos temáticos de análise de conteúdo, as seguintes dimensões: autonomia de escola, flexibilidade curricular, prática pedagógica e avaliação. Da triangulação dos dados conclui-se que os diretores de escola assumem o PAFC como uma política educativa que abre espaço pedagógico a uma mudança de paradigma, pelo nível de autonomia outorgado às escolas, permitindo-lhes uma gestão curricular mais contextualizada, por conseguinte mais humanista, mais sensível às realidades locais e às particularidades dos seus públicos. Abstract This article’s starting point is the Curriculum Autonomy and Flexibility Project (CAFP), explained in Order No. 5,908/2017 of 5 July, which, in “pedagogical experience regime, defines the principles and rules guiding the conception, operationalization and evaluation of curriculum of basic and secondary education, in order to achieve the Profile of Students Leaving the Compulsory Schooling” (Article 1). This paper aims discovering in the opinion of five principals (school leaders) of public elementary schools, the first evidence of the implementation of CAFP. This is a recent curricular and pedagogical process, but we want to understand if schools really experience times and spaces of constructed and contextualized autonomy. In this sense, the starting point is a multiple case study. We applied a questionnaire survey, and the thematic axes of content analysis are as follows: school autonomy, curriculum flexibility, pedagogical practice and assessment. Data triangulation was performed, and it was concluded that school principals understand the CAFP as an educational policy that opens a pedagogical space to a paradigm shift, due to the level of autonomy given to schools, and that allows a more contextualized curricular management, therefore, more humanistic, more sensitive to local realities and the particularities of its publics. Resumen Considerando los presupuestos que en Portugal enmarcan el Proyecto de Autonomía y Flexibilidad Curricular (PAFC) enumerados en el Despacho nº 5.908/2017 del 5 de julio que en “régimen de práctica pedagógica, define los principios y reglas orientadoras de la concepción, operacionalización y evaluación del Currículo de la Educación Primaria y Secundaria, de modo a alcanzar el Perfil de los Alumnos Egresados de la Educación Obligatoria” (Artículo 1º) este artículo busca revelar en la voz de cinco directores (líderes escolares) de escuelas públicas del 1º Ciclo de Educación Primaria, las primeras evidencias de la implementación del PAFC. Aunque se trata de un proceso curricular y pedagógico reciente, es importante comprender en estas narrativas si las escuelas realmente experimentan tiempos y espacios de una autonomía construida y contextualizada. En este sentido, a partir de un estudio de caso múltiple basado en la aplicación de una indagación por cuestionario, las siguientes dimensiones se convierten en ejes temáticos de análisis de contenido: autonomía escolar, flexibilidad curricular, práctica pedagógica y evaluación. De la triangulación de los datos se concluye que los directores de escuela asumen el PAFC como una política educativa que abre un espacio pedagógico para un cambio de paradigma, debido al nivel de autonomía otorgado a las escuelas, permitiéndoles una visión más contextualizada, por lo tanto más humanista, gestión curricular, más sensible a las realidades locales y las particularidades de sus públicos.

As políticas curriculares portuguesas inspiram-se no discurso das políticas internacionais que recomendam às escolas maior autonomia. Em Portugal, implementaram-se, a partir de 2017, medidas em torno da autonomia e flexibilidade curricular. Neste artigo procuramos compreender o quadro jurídico-normativo da Autonomia e Flexibilidade Curricular (AFC), patente nas orientações educativas do Perfil dos Alunos à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatória, do Currículo dos Ensinos Básicos e Secundário, das Aprendizagens Essenciais, da Estratégia Nacional de Educação para a Cidadania, da Educação Inclusiva e do Programa Nacional de Promoção do Sucesso Escolar. Procedemos a um estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, assente numa abordagem descritiva e interpretativa, centrado num estudo de caso único – a dimensão normativa da AFC em Portugal. Utiliza-se como técnica de recolha de dados a análise documental e como técnicas de análise e tratamento dos dados a análise de conteúdo e a triangulação dos normativos referenciados. Ao nível das intenções declaradas na narrativa da política educativa, preconizam-se medidas inovadoras nos domínios curricular e pedagógico, com vista à melhoria e qualidade do ensino e das aprendizagens, invocando no entender dos autores a necessidade de aprofundar processos substantivos da autonomia das escolas num modelo de administração educacional que em Portugal se mantém centralizado e desconcentrado.

Recent research indicates that more and more often tourists use the Madeira Natural Park (MNP) area to develop their physical activity, through mountain hiking and Levada walks. This study aims at identifying tourists’ characteristics and to understand how visitors live their experience. A survey was carried out at the end of two different activities and the sample was divided into two groups (G1: Levada Walks in the Laurissilva; G2: Walks outside the Laurissilva). The data was collected immediately after the activity ended (total: 293; male: 124; female: 169) and people were asked about: 1. Information available at the start of the activity; 2. Interaction and attention demand; 3. Natural area visited. The data indicates that the Madeira tourists have higher education, many are students and teachers, the majority being European. Our tourists are well informed about the natural environment and more than 90% agreed that it was ideal for aesthetic enjoyment and inspiring exploration. Our findings can help the tourist agents to improve their products, encourage the agencies to attract new markets outside Europe and can work as a basis for providing more guidance in the MNP, promoting a higher ‘flow experience’.

The creation of the 4 C's Matrix of Tourism Destination Competitiveness aimed to consolidate and organise research questions about the area or areas in which tourist destinations should concentrate their attention. To consolidate the Matrix, 4 phases (preliminary, preparation, test and evaluation) were completed. In the preliminary phase, a theoretical review on the Tourism Destinations Competitiveness Matrices was carried out; in the preparation phase we used the Delphi method inviting experts in the area of economy and tourism to contribute with their experiences in the construction of the survey instrument; in the test phase we validated the questionnaire through the Content Validity Coefficient; in the evaluation phase a non-probabilistic approach was used, i.e. a convenience sample to obtain answers from tourists, residents and destination managers. This paper presents the methodology and development of the test phase of the Matrix, using the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC). The contributions received and validated allowed us to create the base matrix with a CVC of 0.8961.

Physical activities organised in nature have earned more commitment from tourists who intend to actively visit natural and authentic environments. This paper analyses the profile and the perceptions of active tourists who experienced canyoning and levada walking in the mountains of Madeira Island. The study uses a quantitative methodology analysis, based on an anonymous questionnaire designed for 160 levada walker tourists and 130 canyoning tourists. Differences were found between the two groups in terms of their profile and assessment of the two activities. The levada walking profile is the one of older, but more active tourists who stay on the island more than 6 days and intend to experience unique and memorable activities related to waterways, mountain trails and cultural landscapes in a sense of freedom and well-being that nature provides. The canyoning profile is the one of younger tourists, more male than female, who are less active, travelling by cruise, and is with an emphasis on the challenges and natural barriers afforded by the steep and unpredictable characteristics of canyons (hedonism). The findings recommend segmentation of the tourists and a strategy for tourism destinations that highlight culture, endemic forest, authentic landscapes and the hospitality of local people in active tourism services.

© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group., This study aimed to systematically review the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and telomere length (TL). Studies were identified from searches in Cochrane Central, PubMed, Scopus, Sportdiscus, and Web of Science databases through July 2019. Eligibility criteria included: cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental study design; outcomes included TL; results expressed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and TL; studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. A total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies (80%) reported a significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, or training load, and TL. Better cardiorespiratory fitness or a large cardiorespiratory training load are associated with an increase in TL. Although, TL was related to regular moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness in older healthy humans, it was not related to cardiorespiratory fitness among young subjects. There seems to be a positive and significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and TL, mainly among middle age and older people, which emphasizes the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for healthy ageing. Therefore, endurance exercise and better cardiorespiratory fitness may regulate the TL in middle age and older adults, slowing the cellular ageing process.

Desde 2003, a existência de uma linha de pesquisa em Inovação Pedagógica no Centro de Investigação em Educação da Universidade da Madeira, possibilitou a ampliação da produção científica nesta área. Após esse tempo, urge sistematizar os aspetos identitários, os elementos epistemológicos e de boas práticas reconhecidas como inovadoras para o campo da Pedagogia e da Educação. Neste artigo apresentamos a parte inicial do projeto Inovação Pedagógica: Identidade, Teoria e Práticas (IPITP) onde caracterizamos a produção científica realizada na área de Inovação Pedagógica do curso de doutoramento da Universidade da Madeira (PT). Concluímos que os pesquisadores são maioritariamente femininos e de nacionalidade brasileira. Os temas mais investigados são os que possuem maior relação com o espaço escolar e tornam evidente a presença de invariantes culturais que dificultam a inovação pedagógica. O conhecimento oriundo destas pesquisas mostra a perfusão entre a teoria e a prática bem conjugada com o método de pesquisa descritiva utilizado.

O objetivo central deste trabalho é discutir a produção de Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA) por parte dos educadores, buscando relações com as aprendizagens colaborativas. Dito de outro modo, o trabalho insere-se na reflexão em torno das oportunidades que a produção de artefatos educacionais proporciona para o estabelecimento de um cenário educativo colaborativo – O texto se pauta em estudos teóricos correlatos e apresenta dados de um projeto de pesquisa em fase de implantação, a ser desenvolvido em rede na Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB - Brasil) e a Universidade da Madeira (UMA - Portugal) fruto de uma parceria entre a UNEB a UMA e a Universidade de Cádiz (UCA-Espanha). Nesta ocasião, refletimos sobre as formas de produção e socialização do conhecimento na contemporaneidade, as aprendizagens abertas e compartilhadas e a produção de artefatos sócio tecnológicos para e pela educação.

Aim: To assess the relationship between low-to-moderate–intensity physical activity (LMPA) in 2011 and chronic diseases in 2011 and 2013 among older European adults. Methods: Participants (16,157 men and 21,260 women) from 13 European countries were interviewed about the presence of chronic conditions and LMPA. The association between LMPA and number of chronic diseases was assessed using logistic regression models. Results: Most of the older adults participated in LMPA more than once a week (81.9%), 8.4% participated once a week, and 9.3% did not participate. The prevalence of chronic diseases was significantly lower among those who reported engaging in LMPA. The LMPA in 2011 was related with lower odds of having several chronic diseases in 2013. Conclusion: Engaging in LMPA is associated with reduced risk for chronic diseases in older European men and women. Even the practice of LMPA once a week seems to be enough to diminish the risk of having chronic diseases.

Submitted by António Freitas (amsf@uma.pt) on 2021-09-15T14:25:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Patterns of physical performance spurts during adolescence.pdf: 2315947 bytes, checksum: ac256b48e47a4f892c3e938316cd177d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-15T14:25:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patterns of physical performance spurts during adolescence.pdf: 2315947 bytes, checksum: ac256b48e47a4f892c3e938316cd177d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This study aimed to (1) estimate age-at-mid-growth spurt (age-at-MGS) in Portuguese boys from two different regions-the Azores islands and Viana do Castelo, and (2) identify spurts in a variety of physical fitness (PF) components aligned by age-at-MGS in the two samples. A total of 176 (Azores, n = 91; Viana do Castelo, n = 85) boys aged 6 years old were followed annually to 10 years of age. Age-at-MGS and spurts in PF components (speed, explosive muscular strength, abdominal muscular strength, agility, and flexibility) were identified for each sample. The timing and intensities of the spurts were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical procedure. In Azorean boys, age-at-MGS occurred at 7.8 years (6.99 cm y-1 ), whereas in Viana do Castelo it occurred at 7.9 years (6.20 cm y-1 ). Spurt in speed was attained 12 months after the MGS in both samples (0.53 and 0.35 cm y-1 in Azores and Viana do Castelo, respectively), whereas spurts in explosive muscular strength and flexibility occurred 12 months before the MGS and at the MGS (Azores: 21.59 and 5.52 cm y-1 and Viana do Castelo: 14.12 and 2.5 cm y-1 , respectively). Agility and abdominal muscular strength peaked between 0 and 12 months after the MGS (Viana do Castelo: 0.37 m s-1 y-1 and 6.71 reps y-1 and Azores: 0.28 m s-1 y-1 and 19.36 reps y-1 , respectively). Results indicate that developmental spurts in explosive strength and flexibility occur before, or are coincident with, the mid-growth spurt in height, whereas spurts in speed, agility, and abdominal muscular strength occur after, or coincident with, the mid-growth spurt in height.

Background Balance and mobility impairments are important modifiable risk factors associated with falls in older people. Purpose To investigate how different functional fitness components relate to balance and mobility, after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and different physical activity (PA) domains. Methods This representative cross-sectional study included 802 individuals, 401 males and 401 females (69.8 ± 5.6 years) from Madeira, Portugal. The Fullerton Advance Balance (FAB) scale was used to assess balance. Mobility in terms of gait velocity, cadence, stride length, and gait stability ratio (GSR) were assessed using the 50-foot Walk test. PA was assessed through a face-to-face interview using the Baecke questionnaire, and functional fitness was assessed with Senior Fitness tests (strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance). Results Balance and mobility were negatively associated with age and BMI, and positively related to PA and functional fitness. Moreover, male presented better performance in balance and mobility. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that functional fitness explained the highest amount of variance in balance and all mobility parameters (over and above age, sex, BMI, and PA). Specifically, entering functional fitness components significantly increased explained variance in FAB (+19%), gait velocity (+25%), cadence (+15%), stride length (+9%), and GSR (+ 31%). In these models, aerobic endurance consistently had the strongest contribution. Conclusion Strength, flexibility, and especially aerobic endurance, over and above non-modifiable variables like age and sex, are crucial for maintaining or improving balance and mobility and, thereby, prevent falls in older people.

The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the age-related differences in cognitive function (CF), nutritional status (MNA), physical activity (AF), quality of life (QoL), depression, social satisfaction (SS) and socioeconomic status (SES), and (2) to explore the relationships between CF and the previous variables. This cross sectional study included 268 men and 433 women (aged 71.4 ± 7.0 years). CF was determined with the Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument (COGTEL) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Correlates were as follows: Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), PA (Baecke questionnaire modied for older adults), Quality of life (QoL SF- 12), Geriatrics Depression Scale (GDS), Satisfaction and Social Support Scale, and Socioeconomic status (SES). All instruments were applied in a face to face interview. An independent t-test identied signicantly higher scores in young-old adults (≤ 69 years) for CF (p < 0.001), PA (p = 0.046) and SES (p = 0.007), compared to old-old adults (≥ 70 years). e results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the most signicant CF correlates were SES (β = 0.45; p < 0.001), age (β = -0.12; p < 0.001), SS (β = 0.12; p = 0.001), GDS (β = -0.11; p = 0.003) and QoL (β = 0.08; p = 0.017). The overall regression model explained 36% of the total variance in the COGTEL. The oldest and the more depressed adults obtained lower scores for FC. The present study suggests that, between the correlates studied, SES was the strongest predictor in the explanation of CF in older adults.

Este ar go pretende situar a aprendizagem colabora va, cujo referencial teórico assenta na concepção constru vista da aprendizagem. Essa concepção privilegia o sen do e a sua construção, sendo que a aprendizagem é a “construção de sen do”. O ambiente de aprendizagem adquire uma nova importância no quadro desta abordagem, nomeadamente na contextualização das aprendizagens e nos processos de par cipação do indivíduo na comunidade, através dos quais se desenvolvem prá cas colabora vas. Nessa perspe va as conceções constru vistas assumem par cular relevo no quadro atual da intervenção educa va e da prá ca pedagógica. This ar cle intends to situate collabora ve learning, whose theore cal reference is based on the construc vist concep on of learning. This concep on privileges meaning and its construc on, and learning is the “construc on of meaning”. The learning environment acquires a new importance in this approach, namely in the contextualiza on of learning and in the processes of individual par cipa on in the community through which collabora ve prac ces are developed. In this perspec ve the construc vist concepts assume par cular importance in the current moment of educa onal interven on and pedagogical prac ce. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tracking of gross motor coordination (GMC) and to profile children at 6 years of age who consistently showed higher stability patterns in different levels of GMC. The participants were 245 children (123 boys and 122 girls) who were assessed longitudinally from 6 to 9 years of age. GMC was assessed using the Korperkoordinationtest fur Kinder (KTK) test battery. Anthropometry, physical activity, and health- and performance-related physical fitness were also measured. Cohen's kappa (κ) was used to estimate tracking. Tracking was poor for all GMC tests (0.17 ≤ κ ≤ 0.38) and moderate for the GMC motor quotient (MQ) in both boys and girls (0.44 ≤ κ ≤ 0.45). Instability at the extremes was low in GMC tests and negligible for MQ. Children who consistently showed high GMC levels during the 4 years of follow-up were lighter, had lower body mass index and subcutaneous fat, and showed higher scores in physical fitness tests at 6 years of age than those who consistently had low GMC levels. In conclusion, GMC showed low-to-moderate tracking over time in childhood. However, children who consistently demonstrated high GMC levels over time had healthier profiles at 6 years of age.

The development of gross motor coordination (GMC) is governed by biological and environmental factors whose effect sizes are still unclear.To investigate sibling resemblance in GMC, as well as biological and environmental correlates of GMC among Peruvian children.The sample comprised 1256 biological siblings (6-15 years old), from three geographical areas of Peru. GMC was assessed using the Korperkoordinationtest für Kinder (KTK) test battery. Anthropometry, biological maturation and physical fitness (PF) were also measured. Multilevel modelling was performed using Stata 14 software.In general, sister-sister pairs (SS) showed the highest resemblance in GMC (ρ = 0.24) compared to brother-sister (BS) (ρ = 0.10) and brother-brother (BB) pairs (ρ = 0.07). On average, BB pairs had higher GMC than SS pairs and older siblings had higher GMC than younger siblings. Further, those with lower body mass index (BMI) and higher PF had higher GMC. There was also a significant interaction between age and PF with GMC. Siblings from the rainforest region demonstrated higher GMC than those from sea level and high-altitude siblings demonstrated lower GMC than their sea-level peers.These results demonstrate statistically significant sibling resemblance in GMC. Age, BMI, PF and geographical area were significant correlates of GMC.

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were (1) to identify the timing of the mid-growth spurt (MGS) in stature in children and (2) to identify gross motor coordination (GMC) spurts when aligned by the age of attainment of the MGS (aMGS). METHODS Stature, weight, and GMC were measured in 245 Portuguese children followed annually from 6 to 10 years. GMC was assessed and to estimate children's MGS in stature as well as GMC spurts in each of the four tests aligned by aMGS, we used a nonsmoothed polynomial methodology. RESULTS In boys, the aMGS was attained at 7.8 years, whereas in girls it was 8.0 years. In boys, the peak MGS was 6.2 cm∙yr-1 and in girls it was 6.4 cm∙yr-1 . In boys, the peak for walking backwards (WB) occurred 18 months before aMGS (14.9-points∙yr-1 ), jumping sideways (JS) was 12 months after aMGS (13.5-points∙yr-1 ), hopping on one leg (HO) was 18 months before aMGS (11.7-points∙yr-1 ), and shifting platform (SP) was 12 months before aMGS (6.8-points∙yr-1 ). In girls, WB spurts occurred 12 months after aMGS (13.3-points∙yr-1 ), JS was 12 months before aMGS (10.5-points∙yr-1 ), HO was coincident with aMGS (10.4-points∙yr-1 ), and SP was 18 as well as 12 months before aMGS (7.2-points∙yr-1 ). No differences were observed in the mean peak spurts between sexes in the GMC tests. CONCLUSIONS Boys and girls reached their MGS in stature at about the same chronological age. Spurts in GMC did not express themselves in the same biological timing relative to aMGS in stature, and there are sex differences.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018, Background: Exercise dependence (EXD) can be considered an addictive behaviour because it presents signs typical of other addictive behaviours. Despite possible health problems related to EXD, the prevalence of risk for EXD has never been systematically reviewed. Objective: This article aimed to systematically review the prevalence of risk for EXD. Methods: Studies were identified from searches in the ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science electronic databases up to June 2018. Empirical studies were selected if (1) they included the outcomes of the prevalence of EXD; (2) participants were regular exercisers; and (3) they were published in either the English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish languages. A total of 34 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: The prevalence of risk for EXD was estimated to be between 3 and 7% of regular exercisers and the university student population, and between 6 and 9% of the athlete population. Conclusion: The results of this review indicated that the prevalence of risk for EXD varies with the characteristics of the exerciser, but an overall prevalence of 3-9% is estimated. Risk for EXD is a cause for concern and, from a public health point of view, is a problem that has to be addressed.

It remains unclear so far whether the role of cognitive reserve for cognitive functioning in old age may differ between individuals with low, compared to those with high functional fitness status. Therefore, the present study set out to investigate the relation of education and cognitive leisure activity as key markers of cognitive reserve to mini-mental state in old age (as an indicator of the extent of cognitive impairment) and its interplay with functional fitness status in a large sample of older adults. We assessed MMSE in 701 older adults (M = 70.4 years, SD = 6.9, range: 60–91). We measured functional fitness status using the Senior Fitness Test battery and interviewed individuals on their education and cognitive leisure activity. Results showed that better functional fitness status, longer education, and greater engagement in cognitive leisure activity were significantly related to higher MMSE scores. Moderation analyses showed that the relations of education and cognitive leisure activity to MMSE scores were significantly larger in individuals with low, compared to those with high functional fitness status. In conclusion, cognitive functioning in old age may more strongly depend on cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course in older adults with low, compared to those with high functional fitness status. These findings may be explained by cross-domain compensation effects in vulnerable individuals and may (at least partly) account for the large variability in cognitive reserve–cognition relations debated in the literature. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10433-017-0441-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between multimorbidity, self-rated health and life satisfaction, and to test the moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between multimorbidity, self-rated health and life satisfaction. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the European Social Survey 2014. Participants were 25 713 adults (12 830 men), aged 18-64 years old, from 18 European countries and Israel. Self-reported information regarding chronic diseases, health perception, life satisfaction and physical activity was collected through interview. Multimorbidity was defined as the co-occurrence of ≥ 2 chronic diseases. Linear regression models were used to estimate the effects of multimorbidity, physical activity and the interaction effect of multimorbidity × physical activity on self-rated health and life satisfaction. Results: Multimorbidity was negatively related to self-rated health (d = 0.03) and life satisfaction (d = 0.03). Physical activity was positively related to self-rated health and life satisfaction. There was a significant interaction effect between multimorbidity and physical activity with regard to self-rated health (β = 0.01, P < 0.001) and life satisfaction (β = 0.04, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Physical activity buffered the negative relationship between multimorbidity, self-rated health and life satisfaction; contributing to better self-rated health and life satisfaction. publishersversion published

Purpose: We examined whether exposure to high PP in adolescence predicts carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and stiffness indices at young adulthood. Methods: Seventy-nine participants had their brachial systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood (DBP) pressures taken at the age of 15–16 years and later at young adulthood (29–31 years). Carotid IMT, distensibility and stiffness index β were measured at young adulthood. Linear and logistical regression analysis were performed. Results: PP at adolescence and at young adulthood predicted vascular health independently of sex, body mass index, and mean arterial pressure, explaining up to 37% of the variance. When analyzing its single constituents, at adolescence DBP was more predictive of vascular health, whereas DBP and SBP were equally important at young adulthood. Adolescents with high PP were at risk for increased carotid IMT (OR: 4.04–4.09), even if PP decreased at young adulthood. Young adults with high PP were at risk for increased stiffness regardless of adolescence PP (OR: 4.64–7.35). Conclusion: PP at adolescence and young adulthood may be a better predictor of early pathological changes in carotid artery structure and stiffness. Whereas carotid IMT in young adults appears to be influenced by PP at adolescence, carotid stiffness depends primarily on current PP.

Background: It is well known that metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are correlated, but the background of this clustering in children is more poorly known than in adults. Thus, we studied the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the clustering of metabolic traits in childhood and adolescence. Data and Methods: Nine metabolic traits were measured in 214 complete twin pairs aged 3-18 years in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, in 2007 and 2008. The variation of and covariations between the traits were decomposed into genetic and environmental components by using classical genetic twin modeling. Results: A model, including additive genetic and environmental factors unique for each twin individual, explained the variation of metabolic factors well. Under this model, the heritability estimates varied from 0.47 (systolic blood pressure in children under 12 years of age) to 0.91 (high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol in adolescents 12 years of age or older). The most systematic correlations were found between adiposity (body mass index and waist circumference) and blood lipids (HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), as well as blood pressure. These correlations were mainly explained by common genetic factors. Conclusions: Our results suggest that obesity, in particular, is behind the clustering of metabolic factors in children and adolescents. Both general and abdominal obesity partly share the same genetic background as blood lipids and blood pressure. Obesity prevention early in childhood is important in reducing the risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood.

Background:It remains unclear so far whether the role of cognitive reserve may differ between physically frail compared to less frail individuals. Therefore, the present study set out to investigate the relation of key markers of cognitive reserve to cognitive status in old age and its interplay with physical frailty in a large sample of older adults.Methods:We assessed Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in 701 older adults. We measured grip strength as indicator of physical frailty and interviewed individuals on their education, past occupation, and cognitive leisure activity.Results:Greater grip strength, longer education, higher cognitive level of job, and greater engaging in cognitive leisure activity were significantly related to higher MMSE scores. Moderation analyses showed that the relations of education, cognitive level of job, and cognitive leisure activity to MMSE scores were significantly larger in individuals with lower, compared to those with greater grip strength.Conclusions:Cognitive status in old age may more strongly depend on cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course in physically frail (compared to less frail) older adults. These findings may be explained by cross-domain compensation effects in vulnerable individuals.

This study describes the association between habitual physical activity (PA), other lifestyle/constitutive factors, body composition, and bone health/strength in a large sample of older adults from Madeira, Portugal. This cross-sectional study included 401 males and 401 females aged 60-79 years old. Femoral strength index (FSI) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body, lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total lean tissue mass (TLTM) and total fat mass (TFM) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-DXA. PA was assessed during face-to-face interviews using the Baecke questionnaire and for a sub-sample by Tritrac accelerometer. Demographic and health history information were obtained by telephone interview through questionnaire. The relationship between habitual PA variables and bone health/strength indicators (whole body BMD, FNBMD, LSBMD, and FSI) investigated using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was similar for females (0.098≤r≤0.189) and males (0.104≤r≤0.105). Results from standard multiple regression analysis indicated that the primary and most significant predictors for FNBMD in both sexes were age, TLTM, and TFM. For LSBMD, the most significant predictor was TFM in men and TFM, age, and TLTM in females. Our regression model explained 8.3-14.2% and 14.8-29.6% of the total variance in LSBMD and FNBMD for males and females, respectively. This study suggests that habitual PA is minimally but positively associated with BMD and FSI among older adult males and females and that body composition factors like TLTM and TFM are the strongest determinants of BMD and FSI in this population.

Background: It is important to clearly understand the factors associated with subjective health complaints. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between subjective health complaints, several health behaviors, and a composite measure of healthy lifestyle. Methods: Data were from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2014 international database. Participants were 167,021 children and adolescents, aged 10&ndash, 16 years, from 37 countries and regions. A composite score of healthy lifestyle was created using a combination of daily physical activity, daily consumption of fruit and vegetables, &lt, 2 hours spent daily in screen-based behaviors, no drinking, and no smoking. The subjective health complaints assessed were headaches, stomach aches, backache, dizziness, feeling low, irritability, nervousness, and sleep difficulties. Results: Those who engage in physical activity every day, spend less than two hours a day in screen-based behaviors, do not drink alcohol, and do not smoke tobacco presented a higher likelihood of not having subjective health complaints. A healthy lifestyle was significantly related to having less of all the subjective health complaints. Those with a healthy lifestyle were 50% (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.5&ndash, 0.6, p &lt, 0.001) less likely to have multiple health complaints. Conclusions: Healthy behaviors and healthy lifestyles are related with less subjective health complaints and less multiple health complaints.

Mature tourism destinations are increasingly needing to diversify their products and markets. To be successful, such strategies require a very detailed understanding of potential tourists’ levels and patterns of spending. Empirical studies of tourist expenditure have tended to employ ordinary least squares regression for this purpose. There are, however, a number of important limitations to this technique, chief among which is its inability to distinguish between tourists who have higher- and lower-than-average levels of spending. As such, some researchers recommend the use of an alternative estimation technique, known as quantile regression, which does allow such distinctions to be made. This study uses a single data set, collected among rural tourists in Madeira, to analyse the determinants of tourist expenditure using both techniques. This enables direct comparison to be made and illustrates the additional insights to be gained using quantile regression.

Background: The 12-minute run is a commonly used indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. Variation in growth and maturity status as potential correlates of test performance has not been systematically addressed. Aim: To evaluate biological and environmental determinants of 12-minute run performance in Portuguese youth aged 7–17 years. Subjects and methods: Mixed-longitudinal samples of 187 boys and 142 girls were surveyed in 1996, 1997 and 1998. The 12-minute run was the indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. Height, body mass and five skinfolds were measured and skeletal maturity was assessed. Physical activity, socioeconomic status and area of residence were obtained with a questionnaire. Multi-level modelling was used for the analysis. Results: Chronological age and sum of five skinfolds were significant predictors of 12-minute run performance. Older boys and girls ran longer distances than younger peers, while high levels of subcutaneous fat were associated with shorter running distances. Rural boys were more proficient in the 12-minute run than urban peers. Skeletal maturity, height, body mass index, physical activity and socioeconomic status were not significant predictors of 12-minute run performances. Conclusions: Age and sum of skinfolds in both sexes and rural residence in boys are significant predictors of 12-minute run performance in Portuguese youth.

Today, destinations are evaluated by tourists according to safety and risk factors with regard to natural, terrorism and political problems. The portrayal of places in news reports can alter an area’s image dramatically, even in a short period of time. Often, natural disasters have impacts on the image of international destinations that endure for months if not years. Hence, media coverage of disasters or crises is of particular concern to destinations where such disasters occur. The Island of Madeira was not prepared for a catastrophe such as the one that occurred in February 2010, and its consequence has been a huge drop in the tourism industry. Driven by the generally accepted importance of destination image as a concept to destination marketers and academics, this article proposes that previous destination image research has tended to underestimate the importance of safety, security and risk. It also proposes a strategic approach to Destination management from proactive pre-crisis planning through to strategic implementation and finally evaluation and feedback.

The regional cluster of the Madeira embroidery sector in the political context of 1935 to 1959 provides the basis for an analysis of a common strategy aimed at strengthening the business competitiveness of the industry. The strategy was a government initiative aimed at improving the material welfare of workers and based on the creation of a collective brand. The aim of this paper is to show that the mixed corporatist organisation that managed the initiative was an example of hybrid governance and that the strategy failed because the regulations introduced were not successful in transforming a weak cluster into a strong one. As a result, competition was kept within a circle of low-wage production centres that left Madeira at a disadvantage.

Submitted by António Freitas (amsf@uma.pt) on 2021-10-29T12:51:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Does destination image influence the length of stay in a tourism destination.pdf: 111112 bytes, checksum: ee10d4c7cdd9f43767951584db120eaa (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-29T12:51:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Does destination image influence the length of stay in a tourism destination.pdf: 111112 bytes, checksum: ee10d4c7cdd9f43767951584db120eaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The purpose of this study was to cross-validate the Beunen-Malina method for non-invasive prediction of adult height. Three hundred and eight boys aged 13, 14, 15 and 16 years from the Madeira Growth Study were observed at annual intervals in 1996, 1997 and 1998 and re-measured 7-8 years later. Height, sitting height and the triceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured; skeletal age was assessed using the Tanner-Whitehouse 2 method. Adult height was measured and predicted using the Beunen-Malina method. Maturity groups were classified using relative skeletal age (skeletal age minus chronological age). Pearson correlations, mean differences and standard errors of estimate (SEE) were calculated. Age-specific correlations between predicted and measured adult height vary between 0.70 and 0.85, while age-specific SEE varies between 3.3 and 4.7 cm. The correlations and SEE are similar to those obtained in the development of the original Beunen-Malina method. The Beunen-Malina method is a valid method to predict adult height in adolescent boys and can be used in European populations or populations from European ancestry. Percentage of predicted adult height is a non-invasive valid method to assess biological maturity.

O objectivo central do presente estudo foi construir valores de referência para as habilidades de locomoção e de manipulação em crianças da Região Autónoma da Madeira, Portugal. A amostra envolveu 853 crianças, 426 rapazes e 427 raparigas, com idades compreendidas entre os 3 aos 10 anos, que participaram na pesquisa ‘Crescer com Saúde na Região Autónoma da Madeira’. As habilidades motoras foram avaliadas através do ‘Test of Gross Motor Development’. As crianças madeirenses apresentaram uma melhoria de resultados com a idade, na quase totalidade das habilidades motoras. Os rapazes foram mais proficientes do que as raparigas nas habilidades de manipulação. O maior número de crianças madeirenses foi classificado na categoria ‘médio’ nas habilidades de locomoção (51.5%) e de manipulação (37.7%). As crianças madeirenses apresentaram equivalentes etários abaixo da média nas habilidades de locomoção (86.5%) e de manipulação (87.7%). Um aumento de mestria com a idade foi observado na corrida, galope, deslocamento lateral, drible, agarrar e lançamento por cima do ombro. As crianças madeirenses apresentaram desempenhos inferiores relativamente às norte-americanas. Os resultados da presente pesquisa devem fomentar a investigação e conduzir à implementação de programas na escola e demais instituições com o objectivo de promover o normal crescimento e desenvolvimento motor das nossas crianças. The main purpose of this study was to provide reference values for locomotor and object control skills in children from Autonomous Region of Maderia, Portugal. The sample involved 853 individuals, 426 boys and 427 girls, from 3 to 10 year old, which participated in the ‘Growth with Health in Autonomous Region of Maderia’. Motor skills were assessed by the ‘Test of Gross Motor Development’. Madeira children presented improvements with age, in almost all the fundamental motor skills. The boys were a bit more proficient than girls on the object control skills. The largest number of Madeira children was classified at the ‘average’ category related to the locomotor (51, 5%) and object control skills (37, 7%). Madeira children showed age equivalents bellow the average in locomotor (86.5%) and object control (87.7%) skills. Increases on the mastery were observed for run, gallop, slide, stationary dribble and overhead throw. Children from Autonomous Region of Madeira presented lower results comparatively to North-American peers. Our data should encourage the research and lead to the implementation of programmes in schools and other institutions with the purpose of promoting the normal growth and motor development of Madeira children and youth.

Submitted by António Freitas (amsf@uma.pt) on 2017-05-04T11:10:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MestradoAlexLima .pdf: 5286243 bytes, checksum: ff91207b3fc4ff786e4bc83213b1d75b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T11:10:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MestradoAlexLima .pdf: 5286243 bytes, checksum: ff91207b3fc4ff786e4bc83213b1d75b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16

The labor market performance of Portuguese workers in Germany is analyzed in this article. While previous work has compared wages and characteristics of migrants to natives only, this study also matches the data set with an equivalent survey from the sending country. The findings show that Portuguese migrants as a whole are negatively selected, with the exception of blue-collar workers, the largest group among the movers. The finding that Portuguese migrants earn more than comparable Germans indicates that they have higher unobservable skills.

On looking at the female labour supply in Europe, it is immediately noticed that there is a large variation among countries. One possible explanation for this fact is that different countries have different tax policies, leading to variations in incentive and costs. This has been investigated in papers such as that of Gustafsson (1992a,b) for countries such as Germany and Sweden. The same exercise has been performed by the present authors for a low-income, southern European country, Portugal, which has one of the highest rates of female participation (out of line with neighbouring countries). Female labour supply does not seem to be very sensitive to fiscal policies, as those policies have only a small influence on the take-home wage. This result appears to be independent of the fact that the female labour supply shows a higher elasticity to wages than that which has been reported for other countries. The present authors also show that Portuguese women contribute a much larger proportion of family earnings than do their counterparts in Sweden and Germany, and that the Portuguese fiscal system is rather neutral. Further studies with data from other countries are needed in order to shed more light on the issue of tax harmonization.

O objetivo principal desta revisão é fornecer uma visão geral dos principais estudos longitudinais e longitudinais-mistos que se centraram sobre o crescimento somático, maturação biológica e, mais recentemente, também no desempenho físico. Somente foram considerados os estudos realizados na América do Norte, Europa e países de língua portuguesa. Em primeiro lugar, são apresentadas as principais considerações teóricas, características gerais, o delineamento do estudo e análise estatística multivariada dos dados. Na segunda parte, é edificado o panorama geral sobre os estudos emblemáticos de natureza longitudinal e longitudinal-mista. Finalmente, foram considerados alguns dos principais desafios que se colocam à pesquisa longitudinal. The main objective of the present review of the literature was to provide an overview of the major longitudinal and mixed longitudinal studies focusing on somatic growth, biological maturation, and, more recently, physical performance. We selected studies conducted in the USA, Europe, and Portuguese speaking countries. First, the main theoretical considerations, general characteristics, study designs, statistical analyses, and methodological challenges of the data were presented. Next, we provided an overview of the most important longitudinal and mixed longitudinal studies. Finally, the major challenges of the ongoing studies were outlined.

Secular trends in height and weight are reasonably well documented in Europe. Corresponding observations for skeletal maturation are lacking. Aim: To assess secular trends in height, body mass and skeletal maturity of Portuguese children and adolescents and to provide updated reference values for skeletal maturity scores (SMSs). Subjects and methods: Data for 2856 children and adolescents of 4–17 years, 1412 boys and 1444 girls, from The ‘Madeira Growth Study’ (MGS; 1996–1998) and from the‘Healthy Growth of Madeira Children Study’ (CRES; 2006) were used. Height and body mass were measured. Skeletal maturity was assessed with the Tanner-Whitehouse 2 and 3 methods. Results: Children from CRES were taller and heavier than peers from MGS. Differences in height reached 5.8cm in boys and 5.5cm in girls. RUS SMSs did not differ consistently between surveys boys, while higher RUS scores were observed in CRES girls. Adult RUS SMSs for MGS and CRES combined were attained at 15.8 years in boys and 14.8 years in girls. Corresponding ages for adult Carpal SMSs were 14.4 and 14.0, respectively. Conclusion: The short-term trends for height and mass were not entirely consistent with the trends in RUS and Carpal SMSs and SAs. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The purpose of this study was to validate and cross-validate the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method for non-invasive prediction of adult height in girls. A sample of 420 girls aged 10–15 years from the Madeira Growth Study were measured at yearly intervals and then 8 years later. Anthropometric dimensions (lengths, breadths, circumferences, and skinfolds) were measured; skeletal age was assessed using the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method and menarcheal status (present or absent) was recorded. Adult height was measured and predicted using stepwise, forward, and maximum R2 regression techniques. Multiple correlations, mean differences, standard errors of prediction, and error boundaries were calculated. A sample of the Leuven Longitudinal Twin Study was used to cross-validate the regressions. Age-specific coefficients of determination (R2) between predicted and measured adult height varied between 0.57 and 0.96, while standard errors of prediction varied between 1.1 and 3.9 cm. The cross-validation confirmed the validity of the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method in girls aged 12–15 years, but at lower ages the cross-validation was less consistent. We conclude that the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method is valid for the prediction of adult height in girls aged 12–15 years. It is applicable to European populations or populations of European ancestry. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Several variables, such as waist circumference (WC) and trunk skinfolds (TS), are indicators of body fat. There is interest in evaluating the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measures on changes in these markers from childhood to adolescence.To examine CRF as a potential predictor of changes in body fat over an 8-year follow-up period in a pediatric population.A cohort study of 86 children (44 girls, 42 boys) with a mean age of 9.8 ± 0.3 years who participated in the Portuguese arm of the European Youth Heart Study in 2000 completed a follow-up evaluation in 2008 at a mean age of 17.0 ± 0.4 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) (mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)), was assessed during an incremental multistage bicycle test to exhaustion. Physical activity (PA) was objectively measured by accelerometry at both periods of evaluation. Fat mass (FM) was assessed using anthropometric models, sum of TS, and WC. Changes were expressed as a percentage of the baseline value. Comparison of means and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis.While CRF significantly increased among boys (P0.05) and decreased in girls (P0.01), the percentage of body fat decreased over time in boys (P0.01) and increased among girls. Alone, CRF explained 39%, 26%, and 25% of the total variance in WC, FM, and TS, respectively (P0.01). Adjusting for PA, sex, and maturation changes, CRF remained a significant predictor of WC (β = -0.335; P0.01), FM (β = -2.084; P0.01), and TS (β = -1.500; P0.01).Changes in CRF are a significant predictor of changes in body fat percentage from childhood to adolescence. School-based PA interventions are encouraged to maintain or improve CRF from childhood and throughout adolescence to prevent increased percentages of body fat, particularly in the abdominal region.

Bone quality has been associated with genetic factors and several environmental influences. This study suggests that although functional fitness should be considered in clinical assessments of bone health, body composition appears to have a higher relevance in the explanation of bone health/strength in older people.This study aims to describe the association between functional fitness (FF), other constitutive factors, and bone health/strength in a large community-dwelling sample of elderly active Portuguese.This cross-sectional study included 401 males and 401 females aged 60-79 years old. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body, lumbar spine (LS), and hip region was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition, femur strength index (FSI) was determined. FF was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test. Demographic information and a health history were obtained by telephone interview through questionnaire.Aerobic endurance and body strength were positively related with hip BMD region in males (0.10 r 0.16; p 0.01-0.05) and females (0.13 r 0.28; p 0.01). No significant correlation was found between any FF test and LS BMD, except for upper-body strength in females. After controlling for other constitutive predictors (sex, age, height, body mass (BM), total fat mass (TFM), and total lean tissue mass (TLTM)), FF had a minor contribution only in prediction of BMD at multisites and FSI. The total explained variance for all determinants was moderate (R² = 0.35 for femoral neck (FN) BMD, R² = 0.27 for LS BMD, R² = 0.49 total body BMD, and R² = 0.22 for FSI).Sex, age, height, BM, TLTM, and TFM entered as the most significant contributors for BMD and FSI. Although FF parameters are typically considered in clinical assessments of bone health/strength in older people, body composition appears to have a higher relevance in the explanation of BMD and strength.

Within a country social conditions change over time and these conditions vary from country to country. The associations between these conditions, somatic growth, physical activity and fitness reflect these changes. Aim: The study documented variation in somatic growth, physical activity and fitness associated with socio-economic status (SES). Subjects and methods: The study involved 507 subjects (256 boys and 251 girls) from the Madeira Growth Study, a mixed longitudinal study of five cohorts (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 years of age) followed at yearly intervals over 3 years (1996–1998). A total of 1493 observations were made. Anthropometric measurements included lengths, body mass, skeletal breadths, girths and skinfolds. Physical activity and SES were collected via questionnaire and interview. Physical fitness was assessed using the Eurofit test battery. Variation in somatic growth, physical activity and physical fitness by SES (high, average and low) was tested with analysis of variance. Results: Significant differences between SES groups were observed for height, body mass and skinfolds. Boys and girls from high SES groups were taller, heavier and fatter (subscapular and triceps skinfolds) than their peers from average and low SES groups. At some age intervals, the high SES group had larger skeletal breadths (girls) and girths (boys and girls) than low SES. Small SES differences were observed for physical activity (sport and leisure-time indices). SES was significantly associated with physical fitness. At some age levels, boys from the low SES group performed better for muscular and aerobic endurance whereas girls from the high SES group performed better for power. Conclusion: Considerable variation in somatic growth and physical fitness in association with SES has been demonstrated, but little association was found for physical activity.

This paper investigates the determinants and wage effects of training in Portugal. In a first stage, we show that there are considerable differences in training participation across groups of workers, with elder and low educated individuals participating substantially less. In a second stage, we show that training has a positive and significant impact on wages. The estimated wage return is about 30% for men and 38% for women. Discriminating between levels of education and working experience, and the public and private sector reveals important differences across categories of workers. We find that women, low educated workers, and workers with long working experience earn larger returns from training. The average effect of training is similar in the private sector and the public sector. However, differences across experience groups are larger in the private sector, while differences across education groups are larger in the public sector. We use three alternative classifications of training activities, and find that training in the firm, training aimed to improve skills needed at the current job, and training with a duration less than a year are associated to larger wage gains.

Skeletal maturity is used to evaluate biological maturity status. Information about the association between socio-economic status (SES) and skeletal maturity is limited in Portugal. Aims: The aim of this study is to document the skeletal maturity of youths in Madeira and to evaluate variation in maturity associated with SES. Subjects and methods: The study involved 507 subjects (256 boys and 251 girls) from the Madeira Growth Study, a mixed-longitudinal study of five cohorts (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 years of age) followed at yearly intervals over 3 years (1996–1998). A total of 1493 observations were made. Skeletal age was estimated from radiographs of the hand and wrist using the Tanner–Whitehouse 2 method (TW2). Social class rankings were based on Graffar’s (1956) method. Five social rankings were subsequently grouped into three SES categories: high, average and low. Results: Median for the radius, ulna and short finger bones (RUS scores) in the total sample of boys and girls increased curvilinearly across age whereas median for the 7 (without pisiform) carpal bones (Carpal scores) increased almost linearly. The 20-bone maturity scores demonstrated distinctive trends by gender: the medians for boys increased almost linearly while the medians for girls increased curvilinearly. SES differences were minimal. Only among children aged 10–11 years were high SES boys and girls advanced in skeletal maturity. Madeira adolescents were advanced in skeletal maturity compared with Belgian reference values. Conclusion: The data suggests population variation in TW2 estimates of skeletal maturation. Skeletal maturity was not related to SES in youths from Madeira.

This study uses a Logit model to examine the probability of the image of the tourism destination Madeira, a Portuguese autonomous insular region, being strengthened after the tourists’s visit to the destination. The results of the empirical study are based on a survey carried out to tourists during their visit to the island of Madeira, between March and July 2008. The model confirms that the probability of enhancing Madeira’s tourism destination image after the visit is explained by several independent variables, gathered from the literature review. The findings of the study intend to call local authorities’s attention to the importance of repeated tourists due to the impact that their enhanced image of Madeira may have on the economic sustainability of the destination and on the potential savings in promotion investment. This happens because the client's loyalty brings a high return of the destination’s marketing investment. The conclusions can also help the decision makers of the tourism sector of the island of Madeira to better plan their destination marketing activities.

Submitted by António Freitas (amsf@uma.pt) on 2019-05-20T14:31:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MestradoBárbara Muniz.pdf: 5028965 bytes, checksum: 2e8dcb279dc5c4f8ec53b1c37ebee8c7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-20T14:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MestradoBárbara Muniz.pdf: 5028965 bytes, checksum: 2e8dcb279dc5c4f8ec53b1c37ebee8c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-05-03

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Incide-se na última etapa da formação inicial de professores, nomeadamente, o estágio pedagógico, realizado na Escola Básica dos 2º e 3º Ciclo de São Roque, no ano lectivo de 2009/2010. O presente relatório relata alguns dos aspectos mais significativos do repertório experiencial das actividades desenvolvidas. Assim, abarca as primeiras vivências e percepções associadas ao “tornar-se-professor”, relativamente a prática lectiva de duas turmas do 9º ano de escolaridade. Procurou-se conhecer alguns dos maiores ganhos e dificuldades associadas a este primeiro contacto com a prática pedagógica. A acção desenvolvida na escola, pretende ir ao encontro das linhas orientadoras do Projecto Curricular de Escola. Neste sentido, a preocupação foi na adequação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, na rentabilização dos recursos existentes e no desenvolvimento diversificado de actividades com o objectivo de formar um cidadão ajustado à realidade existente e perspectivar o futuro. Procedendo-se, numa primeira parte à contextualização da escola e no conhecimento dos currículos de ensino, parte-se para a sistematização e reflexão de alguns conceitos que foram linhas programáticas deste estágio, nomeadamente, a planificação do ensino, que repercutiu a selecção e estruturação dos objectivos e, no controlo e processo de avaliação. Esta, conteve alguns dos actos pedagógicos vivenciados, designadamente, os estilos e estratégias de ensino, bem como, os processos de ensino-aprendizagem nas matérias de ensino de Voleibol e na Ginástica Acrobática. A assistência as aulas, surge como forma de supervisão pedagógica das colegas de estágio, de forma a ajudar na sua formação, bem como a nossa, principalmente, como observadoras críticas. Outras actividades foram desenvolvidas com o intuito de conhecermos e controlarmos um conjunto de variáveis no processo de gestão e estruturação de projectos/estudos. As acções de natureza científico-pedagógicas individual e colectiva, teve como finalidade sugerir alguns conhecimentos/percepções em algumas temáticas da nossa área aos colegas de profissão. Na última parte deste relatório, expõe-se algumas conclusões e recomendações deste estágio na nossa formação.

Submitted by António Freitas (amsf@uma.pt) on 2021-06-22T09:32:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A reconfiguração da gestão da coisa pública face à emergência de processos participativos centrados no cidadão.pdf: 187853 bytes, checksum: 5231bc968163a836348c867e78b42a45 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-22T09:32:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A reconfiguração da gestão da coisa pública face à emergência de processos participativos centrados no cidadão.pdf: 187853 bytes, checksum: 5231bc968163a836348c867e78b42a45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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