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There is growing evidence showing that some chemotherapeutic agents employed for oncology treatments contribute to the induction of anorexia, leading to weight loss and the reduction of muscle mass due to the effects of treatment and the tumor, which may trigger the cachexia syndrome. Owing to the complexity of the diagnosis and body evaluation in these patients, the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of oncology patients submitted to chemotherapy treatment showing a weight loss greater than 5%. We screened 220 oncology patients and shortlisted 10 patients diagnosed with different types of tumors assisted by the Instituto Ribeirãopretano de Combate ao Câncer under chemotherapy treatment and who presented weight loss greater than 5%. Anthropometric data such as weight, height and arm circumference (AC) was used for the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI). We also used the Arm Muscle Circumference (AMC) and Arm Muscle Area (AMB) and the application of the Oncology Patient Global Nutrition Questionnaire. The results point out that cancer patients presented different anthropometric classification pre-diagnosis and after the beginning of anticancer treatment resulting from the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents and the reduction in the volume of food ingested. Gastrointestinal tract cancer patients presented greater short-term weight loss when compared to other types of tumors. We suggest that the observed weight loss may be related to the MFLOX and FOLFOX treatment protocols, in addition to the reduction in food intake (while maintaining good nutritional quality). These factors together may lead to the reduction of life quality and life expectancy and worsened patients’ prognosis.

Comparar a utilidade, as características ideais das soluções irrigadoras e as propriedades antimicrobianas bem como a efetividade isolada do hipoclorito de sódio (NaOcl) e da clorexidina (CHX). A utilização de uma solução irrigadora no tratamento endodôntico é indispensável. Uma boa solução irrigadora deve ser biocompatível e apresentar: baixa tensão superficial, ação antimicrobiana, ação neutralizadora, ação lubrificante, ação de solvente sobre matéria orgânica, ação clareadora e que não promova alteração de cor, ausência de efeitos citotóxicos para os tecidos perirradiculares, fácil manuseio e fácil remoção. Baseado em revisão de literatura, considera-se que: não existe uma solução que atinja todos os quesitos necessários; o hipoclorito de sódio ainda é a substância irrigadora mais utilizada no preparo químico mecânico, em diferentes concentrações; a clorexidina mostra ser uma substância com boas propriedades para ser utilizada na endodontia; o uso de soluções irrigadoras na terapia endodôntica deve ser avaliado para cada caso em particular, bem como a associação de outras substâncias a estes irrigantes, a fim de potencializar seu efeito.

The orthorhombic Bi2Se3 is a chalcogenide material considered a promising system for energy harvesting and energy conversion. Here we studied its vibrational and structural properties.

This contribution aims to highlight the theoretical and epistemological premises of the co-writing experience, a practice where a clinician and a patient are mutually engaged in jointly or collaboratively writing a narrative related to the patient’s experience. Unlike a typical set of therapeutic techniques, co-writing is based on sharing perspectives and meanings about the experience of crisis, recovery, and the therapeutic process. The paper identifies and briefly describes four non-clinical epistemological paradigms on which it is grounded: ethnography, values-based practice, narrative care, and phenomenology. Although they differ in several ways, at the same time, they seem to share some common features that the paper investigates and comments. For clinicians, nurses, researchers and Mental Health Service managers, attention to the users and to the improvement of their active roles represents not only a strategy for the empowerment of results, but also the access door to a different perspective which relies on a renewed conceptualization of the mental disease nature that may lead to overcoming the epistemic asymmetry between the ‘expert’ and the ‘other’ in favor of intersubjective dialogue.

Many pigments and dyes are not only valuable molecules in manufacturing, but also environmental pollutants. Stemming from the observation of the slow pace of change taking place to counter the ‘fast fashion’ phenomenon and its environmental consequences, this critical review highlights the importance not only of biotechnological approaches but also of a sustainable leadership to achieve a future-proof fashion industry. Science has been producing sustainable alternatives to counter the issue of dyes, but this is not enough. A change in the business attitude and leadership approach of the organizations that operate in the industry is needed. Only through the successful combination of new technologies and forward-looking decision-making will it be possible to alter the status quo and deal with the multiple environmental challenges that businesses are and will be facing.

Context Average sward height has traditionally been used as a grazing management variable. However, such approach ignores the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of swards. Because the intake rate responds non-linearly to average height at plant level, we expected that sheep exposed to contrasting grazing methods with similar average heights would behave differently. Aims We hypothesised that low-intensity, high-frequency grazing results in a higher daily intake rate than does high-intensity, low-frequency grazing, despite both methods having similar average sward heights over space and time. Also, we asked whether sheep exhibit the same foraging mechanisms for a given instantaneous sward state regardless of long-term grazing conditions imposed. Methods We exposed sheep to two contrasting grazing methods with similar average height; low-intensity, high-frequency (LIHF), and high-intensity, low-frequency (HILF). We then evaluated their foraging behaviour using continuous bite-monitoring paired with detailed sward measurements during grazing down. Key results Sward height decreased markedly during the grazing period in both treatments, but the sward height depletion was faster under HILF (7.5 cm and 20.3 cm for LIHF and HILF), which means that sward structure was severely disrupted. The animals exhibited markedly different herbage intake patterns between the grazing methods, with sheep under LIHF presenting greater total daily herbage intake (850 vs 630 g DM per individual). Also, sheep demonstrated a more stable and higher instantaneous intake rate in the LIHF. Despite the difference in total daily herbage intake, the grazing treatments did not affect the behavioural mechanisms beyond their indirect effects on the rate of change in the instantaneous sward conditions. Grazing treatments created different patterns of sward change and intake rate over time, but the local and instantaneous sward conditions determined intake rate regardless of the grazing method. Conclusions Intake responses of sheep differed between grazing methods with similar average height due to sward heterogeneity over time and space. Grazing mechanisms were not directly affected by the treatments but were influenced by the sward heterogeneity imposed by the grazing management. Implications Grazing management requires not only consideration of the average sward height, but also an understanding of how the resource is distributed in time and space.

A proposta discutida ao longo deste artigo oferece possibilidades para um aprofundamento teórico e metodológico de assuntos relativos aos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental para propor, produzir materiais e realizar atividades de ensino de matemática mediadas pela pesquisa da área. Por isso, tem como objetivo refletir sobre as possibilidades de exploração dos conhecimentos adquiridos nas oficinas, tendo em vista seu uso em futuras experiências de sala de aula, como docente. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, nos apoiaremos na organização de discussões de temas de matemática que podem emergir das atividades e materiais didáticos propostos para a realização de oficinas didáticas, estabelecendo relações entre os conteúdos explorados nas atividades. A avaliação do desempenho dos alunos terá como base a mensuração do conjunto de atividades desenvolvidas em sala de aula e a apresentação das oficinas. Ao final, cada aluno elaborou um relatório relatando o que fez e o que aprendeu.

Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference—the bunching of indistinguishable photons at a beamsplitter—is a staple of quantum optics and lies at the heart of many quantum sensing approaches and recent optical quantum computers. Here we report a full-field, scan-free quantum imaging technique that exploits HOM interference to reconstruct the surface depth profile of transparent samples. We demonstrate the ability to retrieve images with micrometre-scale depth features with photon flux as small as seven photon pairs per frame. Using a single-photon avalanche diode camera, we measure both bunched and anti-bunched photon-pair distributions at the output of an HOM interferometer, which are combined to provide a lower-noise image of the sample. This approach demonstrates the possibility of HOM microscopy as a tool for the label-free imaging of transparent samples in the very low photon regime.

The objective was to investigate the association between rate of torque development (RTD) and torque steadiness (TS) of the lower limb and the occurrence of prospective falls in community-dwelling older adults without falls in the previous year. One hundred older adults performed the tests to obtain the RTD and TS of the hip, knee, and ankle. New episodes of falls were monitored through telephone contact for a prospective period of 12 months. The association of RTD and TS with the occurrence of prospective falls was verified by multiple logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables. There was no association between RTD of hip, knee, and ankle and prospective falls. Only the TS at 50% of the peak torque of the hip flexors was associated with the occurrence of future falls (p = .023). Identifying modifiable risk factors for the first fall in older adults is essential for the development of adequate prevention programs.

Widely spread, recommender systems might face some challengessuch as overspecialization and lack of diversity. In this paper, wepropose a book context-aware recommender system (CARS) thatuses individual characteristics as model features and active searchas a pre-filtering context method in an attempt to increase user’snewness perception and diversity. To achieve this goal, we revisedliterary critic essays to create five binary base-questions able toseparate and aggregate novels through subjective concepts.We alsoconducted a data collection to form a dataset around 50 selectedbooks, evaluated by the public using these questions. Going further,we developed two recommender systems (RS) using differentstrategies to handle imbalanced samples (SELC and SMOTE) andcompare their performance to conclude that SELC generates betterrecommendations on an inner performance.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging is an important tool in bioimaging that allows one to detect subtle changes in cell dynamics and their environment. Most time-domain approaches currently involve scanning a single illumination point across the sample, which can make imaging dynamic scenes challenging, while single-shot “rapid lifetime determination” can suffer from large uncertainties when the lifetime is not appropriately sampled. Here, we propose a time-folded fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (TFFLIM) approach, whereby a time-folding cavity provides multiple spatially sheared replicas of the lifetime, each shifted temporally with respect to a fixed time gate. This provides a robust, single-shot FLIM approach that we experimentally validate across a broad lifetime range on fluorescent beads and Convallaria samples.

Not available.

In vivo anti-Gr1 Ab treatment fails to deplete CD11b+/Gr1+ myeloid cells in bone marrow of mice with skeletal tumors

Osteoclast (OC) blockade has been successful in reducing tumor growth in bone in preclinical settings, but antiresorptive drugs, such as zoledronic acid (ZA), fail to improve the overall survival rate of patients with bone metastasis despite ameliorating skeletal complications. To address this unmet clinical need, we interrogated what other cells modulated tumor growth in bone in addition to OCs. Because myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)—heterogeneous populations expressing CD11b, Ly6C, and Ly6G markers—originate in the bone marrow and promote tumor progression, we hypothesized that their accumulation hinders ZA antitumor effects. By using a murine model of bone metastasis insensitive to OC blockade, we assessed the antitumor effect of MDSC depletion using anti-Gr1 in mice bearing skeletal lung [Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)], melanoma (B16-F10), and mammary (4T1) tumors. Differently from soft tissue tumors, anti-Gr1 did not reduce bone metastases and led to the paradoxical accumulation of bone marrow–resident CD11b+Ly6CintLy6Gint cells that differentiated into OCs when cultured in vitro. Anti-Gr1–mediated depletion of Ly6G+ granulocytic MDSCs combined with ZA-induced OC blockade reduced growth of established skeletal metastases compared with each agent alone. CD15+ granulocytic populations were increased in patients with breast cancer with progressive bone disease after antiresorptive treatment compared with those with stable bone disease. We provide evidence that antiresorptive therapies fail to reduce bone metastases in the presence of elevated granulocytic populations and that effective treatment of established skeletal metastases requires combinatorial depletion of granulocytes and OC blockade.

Bone marrow CD11b+/Ly6Cint/Ly6Gint cells lack immune suppressive capacities

Anti-Gr1 Ab treatment reduces soft tissue tumor growth

PDF file - 248K,DNA fragmentation and BrdU incorporation assays on mouse and human osteoclast precursors, in response to BV6

PDF file - 593K, MicroCT analysis of bone in BV6-treated C57BL/6 mice

PDF file - 3716K,Osteoclastogenic response to constant BV6 and ML183, and effect of BV6 on osteoblastogenesis in culture

PDF file - 175K, Chemical synthesis of 52S and ML183, methods for osteoblast culture, apoptosis and proliferation assays, and real time PCR

PDF file - 382K,Western blot showing p100 to p52 processing in response to RANKL and BV6

Chemotherapy is important for cancer treatment, however, toxicities limit its use. While great strides have been made to ameliorate the acute toxicities induced by chemotherapy, long-term comorbidities including bone loss remain a significant problem. Chemotherapy-driven estrogen loss is postulated to drive bone loss, but significant data suggests the existence of an estrogen-independent mechanism of bone loss. Using clinically relevant mouse models, we showed that senescence and its senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contribute to chemotherapy-induced bone loss that can be rescued by depleting senescent cells. Chemotherapy-induced SASP could be limited by targeting the p38MAPK-MK2 pathway, which resulted in preservation of bone integrity in chemotherapy-treated mice. These results transform our understanding of chemotherapy-induced bone loss by identifying senescent cells as major drivers of bone loss and the p38MAPK–MK2 axis as a putative therapeutic target that can preserve bone and improve a cancer survivor's quality of life.Significance:Senescence drives chemotherapy-induced bone loss that is rescued by p38MAPK or MK2 inhibitors. These findings may lead to treatments for therapy-induced bone loss, significantly increasing quality of life for cancer survivors.

Supplemental Figures

Integrin beta3 antagonist treatment on tumor cells and BMMs in culture

Supplementary Figures 2-5 from CD8+ T Cells Regulate Bone Tumor Burden Independent of Osteoclast Resorption

Anti-CSF1 treatment on β3KOM mice

Blood vessel density analysis of tumor tissue

Supplementary Figure 1 from CD8+ T Cells Regulate Bone Tumor Burden Independent of Osteoclast Resorption

Supplementary methods and figure legends

Supplementary Materials and Methods from CD8+ T Cells Regulate Bone Tumor Burden Independent of Osteoclast Resorption

Flow cytometric analysis of leukocyte infiltration in tumor tissue

Antibody list for FACS

The differentially expressed genes (DEG) lists